Affane (Athmethan) civil parish in medieval times

Affane (Athmethan) civil parish in medieval times

Niall C.E.J. O’Brien

Introduction

The Normans divided present-day County Waterford into eight cantreds one of which was Athmethan, now written as Affane. The cantred is likely to correspond to the later Barony of Athmethan which in 1320 included five civil parishes.[1] This article explores one of those civil parishes, namely; Affane.

Grant of Affane to Thomas Fitz Anthony

On 3^rd July 1215 Thomas Fitz Anthony, seneschal of Leinster, secured a hereditary grant of all the royal lands in the Counties of Waterford (except the city of Waterford) and Desmond (Cork) along with the custody of Waterford castle, Dungarvan castle and the castle and city of Cork and custody of the escheat lands in those places. The grant to Fitz Anthony was a reward for his support given to King John who was fighting rebel barons in England at the time. Fitz Anthony’s feudal lord, William Marshal was one of the chief commanders of the royalist army.

For this substantial grant Thomas Fitz Anthony was to pay a yearly rent to the crown of 250 marks (he paid an upfront fine of 100 marks in July 1215). In addition, Fitz Anthony was given the office of hereditary sheriff of both counties, the only such creation in Ireland. To increase his income Fitz Anthony also got half the prisage on wine in Waterford city where he was the constable. Thomas Fitz Anthony needed this and other revenues because the cost of defending and maintaining the castles across the two counties fell to him to pay for.[2]

For more on Thomas Fitz Anthony see = http://celtic2realms-medievalnews.blogspot.ie/2015/02/thomas-fitz-anthony-thirteenth-century.html 

The cantred of Affane (Athmethan)

The grant of County Waterford included the cantred of Affane. In 1320 the cantred of Affane, also referred to as the Barony of Affane (Athmethan) included not just the civil parish of Affane but also included the civil parishes of Aglish (Gallys), Clashmore (Glasmore), Kilmolash and Whitechurch (Keppagh, alias Cappagh).[3] The caput of the cantred was at Affane but where? Was it near the parish church which was beside the present Church of Ireland building or on the site of the later Affane house or Mount Rivers? The caput could have been an earlier construction of Dromana castle? The records are just not available to say – only an archaeological dig in a few places in the parish could attempt to form an answer. 

The Barony of Affane was retained as an administrative area for local and national government purposes into the sixteenth century. In 1570 or maybe even then, the medieval cantreds/baronies of Affane, Owath, Slefgo, Dungarvan and Omynws were swept away to form the large Barony of Decies.[4] In the eighteenth century the Barony of Decies was divided into the Barony of Decies and the Barony of Decies within Drum. The civil parish of Affane is today located in the Barony of Decies.

Cantred/barony of Athmethan (Affane)  

source Waterford History and Society figure 6.1

Thomas Fitz Anthony removed from the Decies

Thomas Fitz Anthony was a person of the age of King John. Although he continued in office after the coronation of King Henry III he was of a different age. The minority of Henry III and the King’s changeable opinion of people made it difficult to last the distance. In 1223 relations between Thomas Fitz Anthony and the regency council of King Henry III entered a difficult period. In June 1223 Thomas Fitz Anthony was ordered to appear at court to show by what charters he held the escheat lands in Counties Waterford and Desmond and within the city of Cork. It was suggested that Fitz Anthony was withholding money due to the crown. Fitz Anthony failed to show up and on 3^rd June 1223 he was stripped of his lands in Ireland. These were given to John Marshal (died 1235), the marshal of Ireland.[5] At a later date the Counties of Decies and Desmond were given to Richard de Burgh.[6] Thomas Fitz Anthony died in 1229 leaving five daughters as his co-heirs.[7]

The Devereux family at Affane

Long before Thomas Fitz Anthony lost the lands of Decies and Desmond he knew that his reign would not last. In an effort to secure some land for his family from the royal grant Thomas Fitz Anthony arranged for portions granted away from his own name and become estates held directly from the king. Before 1223 Thomas Fitz Anthony gave the cantred of Affane to John Devereux. When Thomas Fitz Anthony died in 1229 the crown recognised John Devereux as lord of Affane and granted him a charter for the lands to be held of the king at a rent of 31 marks per year.[8]

Although no proof is yet forthcoming it would appear that John Devereux married a sister and co-heiress of Emma, wife of William de Dene and daughter of Helen Fitz Anthony, daughter of Thomas Fitz Anthony. John Devereux was alive in 1234 and was possibly dead by 1236 when the rent from his estate was granted to Richard FitzEly but other evidence such as the founding of a house of Friar Minor in New Ross in 1256 suggests that John Devereux lived longer.[9]

John Devereux was succeeded by his son Stephen Devereux. In 1261 a major family disputed occurred between the heirs of Thomas Fitz Anthony over the land of Offergus which is the triangular area bounded on the north by the River Bride, on the east by the River Blackwater and on the west by the present boundary between Counties Cork and Waterford. John FitzThomas and Margaret his wife, John de Norrach, Stephen Archdeacon and Desiderata his wife sued William de Dene and Emma his wife and Stephen Devereux. All the other characters in the court case were daughters or sons-in-law or descendants of Thomas Fitz Anthony which strengthens the opinion that John Devereux was related to Fitz Anthony. It appears that William de Dene and Stephen Devereux won the court case as their descendants continued to hold Offergus into the fourteenth century.

Stephen Devereux did not long enjoy his inheritance of Affane and Offergus as he died shortly after 1262. He was succeeded by his daughter, Ismania who before 1272 had married Jordan de Exeter II of Athlethan, otherwise called Ballylahan, in County Mayo. Jordan de Exeter was sheriff of Connacht in 1269-70 and again in 1279 and served two terms as constable of Roscommon castle in 1280 and 1285. On his marriage to Ismania Devereux, Jordan de Exeter became lord of Affane, half of Offergus (the other half held by the heirs of William de Dene) and two fees at Acheteyr in Co. Kilkenny.   

The rent for Affane by the county sheriff

On 28^th April 1287 Maurice Russell, sheriff of County Waterford, paid £10 6s 8d to the Dublin exchequer for the rent for Affane and in May 1289 he paid the same amount.[10]  

The de Exeter family at Affane

In October 1291 Jordan de Exeter paid the rent of £8 for Affane and in May 1292 he paid two payments of £10 6s 8d and 46s 8d.[11] In 1292 King Edward I granted the land of Decies to Thomas FitzMaurice and Margaret his wife as descendants of John FitzThomas, son-in-law of Thomas Fitz Anthony. The royal grant excluded four named people who held land in Decies directly of the king and Jordan de Exeter was one of the four.[12]

On 22^nd April 1293 Jordan de Exeter paid £10 6s 8d to the Dublin exchequer for the rent. At Easter 1295 he paid 100s. Later in November 1295 Jordan de Exeter had fallen foul of the authorities so that along with paying £6 6s 8d for the rent of Affane he paid 5½ marks and 93s 4d for failing to keep the peace.[13]

In April 1296 Jordan de Exeter paid the usual rent of £10 6s 8d. Yet at the same time he was in trouble again with the authorities. Roger Meuryk had pledged to have Jordan de Exeter to appear before the authorities on some unknown matter, but failed to have Jordan there on the day and so Roger paid a fine of 20s for this failure. In November 1296 Jordan de Exeter paid an additional £7 3s 4d for the rent of Affane.[14]

On 4^th May 1297 Jordan de Exeter paid 15½ marks for Affane and in October 1298 he paid the usual rent of £10 6s 8d as he did in 1299.[15] On the death of Thomas Fitzmaurice, lord of the Decies in 1299 it was found that Jordan de Exeter held Affane of the King in chief for which he paid £20 13s 4d per year or 31 marks.[16]

For more on Thomas Fitzmaurice see = http://celtic2realms-medievalnews.blogspot.ie/2015/02/thomas-apa-fitz-maurice-of-desmond_28.html

People of Affane

In October 1285 Richard le Blunt of Athmethan paid forty pence to the Dublin exchequer as a fine for not performing his office.[17] On 12^th October 1298 Geoffrey Brun of Athmethan paid a half mark for the chattels of John and Brydyn McCollan, felons of that district, to the Dublin exchequer.[18] In the period 1302 to 1307 Richard Bykhampton was commissioner of the peace for the district of Affane.[19] In July 1375 John Brown and David Waleferk were collectors in the cantred of Affane of the lay subsidy granted to William de Windsor, viceroy of Ireland, at the Kilkenny Parliament.[20]

The value of Affane

We saw earlier how the rent for Affane was worth £10 6s 8d per year to the Dublin exchequer. Other measures to see the value of Affane in medieval times include to contribution of 100s from Affane to the 1300 Scottish war campaign of King Edward I.[21]

Parish of Affane

About the same time of 1302 the parish of Affane was valued at £6 16s 4d on which it paid the papal tax of 13s 7½d. Affane ranked fifteenth in value in the Diocese of Lismore out of eighty-eight different benefices including parishes and abbeys.[22] Affane parish was subject to the rectory of Dungarvan.

In about 1742 Bishop Este of Waterford and Lismore told Charles Smith, the historian, that the rectory of Affane was with the impropriator and the full value of the vicarage tithes of the parish was £25 from which £6 was paid in tax to the King’s Bench. There was no glebe land and the Earl of Cork was the then patron. The church was in repair and in constant service.[23]

In the early twentieth century Canon Patrick Power recorded that there was little remaining of the medieval church at Affane. Instead the outline of the church could be seen in the ground just south of the later nineteenth century church.[24]

The names of the vicars of Affane in medieval times are mostly unknown. The best documented was Philip O’Keith in about 1487.[25] As well as being a vicar of Affane Philip O’Keith was a canon at Lismore cathedral where between 1487 and 1503 he was named as a papal judge on a number of occasions.[26]  

Medieval church site to the right of Affane 19th century church

The de Exeter family of Affane in the fourteenth century

In October 1301 Jordan de Exeter paid the usual rent for Affane while at the same time serving as sheriff of County Waterford.[27] On 10^th My 1302 Jordan de Exeter paid £10 6s 8d for the rent of Affane.[28] The surviving records get a bit patchy after 1307 but it seems the de Exeter family held Affane for many decades.

Jordan de Exeter (alive 1310) and Ismania Devereux (dead by 1305) were succeeded at Affane by their son, Jordan de Exeter III. In 1302 Jordan de Exeter III held half of Offergus by grant from his parents. Jordan de Exeter III fought in the Scottish wars and was rewarded with the wardship and marriage of the heir of Richard de St. Michael.[29]

Jordan de Exeter was dead before 1316 when his brother, Stephen de Exeter was named as holding the two fees of Acheteyr. But Stephen de Exeter was killed in 1316 at Ballylahan in Mayo leaving Matilda as his widow and an heir under age. Stephen’s brother Meiler de Exeter became guardian of Stephen’s property in Connacht until the heir came of age. In 1317 the escheator accounted for £31 8s 7½d of two parts of the rent of Affane from 10^th August 1316 to 14^th May 1317 on the lands of Stephen de Exeter at Gallys, Annagh, Affane and elsewhere in the barony of Affane. There was also £2 18s ½d from increments. £1 6s 6d was deducted from the rent for 318 acres sown before the death of Stephen at 1½d per acre. From 14th May 1317 until 20th November 1318 the escheator collected £15 14s 3d from two parts of Affane from the income from lands, dovecots, weirs, pannage, tollbolt, pleas and perquisites of the court with £1 9s in increments.[30]

Meiler was killed in 1317 and was succeeded by his son Meiler de Exeter who died in 1326 when his uncle, John de Exeter, succeeded as heir. Stephen’s property in Co. Waterford included Aglis, Annagh, Affane and other lands in the Barony of Affane. The manors of Cappagh and Clashmore within the Barony of Affane were held by Thomas, son of Richard de Burgh, from the heirs of Stephen de Exeter. The Waterford lands were entrusted to John, son of Robert le Poer, and he held them until 1326 when the property passed to John de Exeter, brother of Stephen de Exeter.[31] In 1322 the arrears of rent for Affane as owed by Jordan de Exeter was £93 of which £62 covered the years 1319-1322.[32] In 1326 it was reported that John, son of Robert le Poer, owed £267 3s 3¾d in arrears of rent for two thirds of Affane which belonged to Stephen de Exeter.[33] The other one third was possibly held in dower by Stephen’s widow, Matilda.

In the sheriff’s account for County Waterford covering the years 1327 to 1336 it was said that Jordan de Exeter owed £248 in arrears of his rent to the Crown for the cantred of Affane. But King Edward III quashed the debt and declared Jordan to be free of all arrears.[34]

By 1355 John de Exeter was succeeded as lord of Affane by his son, Jordan de Exeter, who in 1358 held the manor of Affane in chief from the King. Jordan de Exeter was falsely accused of been in rebellion against the King while sheriff of Connacht and his property was temporally seized by the government.[35]

Jordan de Exeter was succeeded to his lands in Connacht, Waterford and Cork by his son, Meiler de Exeter. In 1374 Meiler de Exeter recovered Affane as part of the County Waterford estates which the government had seized to recoup the debts of Meiler’s father. Meiler de Exeter also recovered lands in Kilkenny and Cork.[36] Meiler de Exeter was dead by 1380 when the sheriff of Connacht was ordered to deliver Meiler’s lands to John, son of John de Exeter. In 1382 John de Exeter recovered Affane from the government while ten days later John, son of William de Exeter, was granted custody of Offergus in medieval Co. Cork. The de Exeter family had Affane in 1400 but after that date the records get scarce.[37]

The de Exeter family continued to live in County Mayo into the late sixteenth century and had numerous members.[38] But it would seem that the Waterford property after 1380 passed from the direct line of the family to one cousin after another and eventually got lost in the darkness of the fifteenth century. When Affane and the barony of Affane re-emerges in the sixteenth century and seventeenth century, the Fitzgerald family of Dromana own most of the property in the former barony.   

Dromana and Fitzgerald property in Affane parish

In the Civil Survey of 1640 Gerrott Fitzgerald of Dromana held the townlands of Dromannymore, Ballyhanemore and Dromroe which measured one ploughland and two thirds of a ploughland or 800 acres, worth £91.[39] Gerrott Fitzgerald was a lineal descendant of Thomas Fitz Anthony and in July 2015 Gerrott’s descendants held a celebration of 800 years association with Dromana and County Waterford.

In the mid fourteenth century, James Fitzgerald, 7^th Earl of Desmond, settled the Fitzgerald lands in County Waterford (known anciently as the Decies), on his younger son, Gerald Oge Fitzgerald. Gerald Oge established his chief seat at Dromana within the parish of Affane and his descendants still live in the house.[40] Although the Fitzgerald and later Villiers Stuart family of Dromana left an extensive archive of documents few survive to record the family’s activities in medieval Affane.

Other lands of the Earl of Desmond in Affane parish

Apart from the three townlands held by the Fitzgerald family of Dromana it appears that the Earl of Desmond retained property rights in Affane parish long after Decies was given to Gerald Oge Fitzgerald of Dromana. After the Second Desmond Rebellion of 1579-1583 all the lands of the Earl of Desmond were seized by the English government and parcelled out to various people called Undertakers who undertook to plant Munster with English settlers. In 1586 Sir Christopher Hatton, Lord Chancellor of England, received the manor of Knockmoan and various other lands in County Waterford including 1,422 acres of Affane which was said to be formerly belonging to the late Garret Fitzgerald, 15^th Earl of Desmond.[41]

After the death of Sir Christopher Hatton his Irish property passed to a relative, Sir William Hatton who before 1596 sold it to the D’Alton family. In the 1630s Sir Richard Boyle, 1^st Earl of Cork, purchased Affane from Richard Dalton along with other property at Cappoquin, Salterbridge and Kilmolash.[42] In the Civil Survey of 1640 the Earl of Cork held Affane.[43]

Cranaghtane townland in Affane parish

On 1^st October 1382 Richard Fitz Nicholl, granted various properties in County Waterford to Sir Thomas de Mandeville including Cranaghtane. Richard Fitz Nicholl appears to have held these lands in trust for the Mandeville family, possibly as part of a marriage settlement. Magina, daughter and heir of Roger Fitz Nicholl, married Maurice, son of Sir Walter de Mandeville and this Sir Walter was the father of Sir Thomas de Mandeville.[44]

The de Mandeville family were connected to the Fitzgerald family, Earls of Desmond and Lords of the Decies. Sir Walter de Mandeville was married to Royse Fitz Gerald fynn Fitzgerald and they both were alive in the mid fourteenth century. In 1341 Thomas de Mandeville, son of Sir Walter de Mandeville, and Anestace his wife conveyed the manor of Kilmanahan to Maurice Fitzgerald, 1^st Earl of Desmond, in return for an indenture of military service.[45] The Fitzgerald family, Earls of Desmond, were descendants and heirs of Thomas Fitz Anthony. Did Cranaghtane come to the Mandeville family by the marriage of Sir Walter to Royce Fitzgerald or as part of the 1341 indenture? As noted above the Fitzgerald family retained ownership of part of Affane parish since the grant to Thomas Fitz Anthony in 1215 and even after his transfer of lordship of Affane to the de Exeter family.

By 1378 Sir Thomas de Mandeville had remarried and his new wife was Joan Power.[46] Her marriage settlement may also have brought Cranaghtane to the Mandeville family. In July 1427 Milo Power made an enfeoffment of Norrisland, on the west bank of the River Blackwater from Affane parish to John Fitzthomas and Catherine his wife. This enfeoffment shows the Power family with property interests adjacent to Affane parish. Yet we simply don’t have the necessary document or documents to take the history of Cranaghtane back beyond 1382.

Maurice de Mandeville and Magina Fitz Nicholl had a son called Henry de Mandeville who was the father of Walter de Mandeville. On 16^th August 1456 Walter, son of Henry de Mandeville, granted unto his son Edmond de Mandeville various lands in County Waterford that were the ancient property of the Mandeville family. Cranaghtane in the parish of Affane was part of this inheritance.[47] 

By the seventeenth century the Mandeville family of County Waterford had changed the spelling of their surname to that of Mansfield and their descendants are known by the latter name to this day. On 20^th September 1631 Sir Richard Boyle, 1^st Earl of Cork, paid £20 sterling for the land of Cranaghtane, near Cappoquin from Mrs. O’Brien. This woman was the widow of Walter Mansfield junior and had married Mr. O’Brien after Walter’s death. Previously, the land of Cranaghtane was conveyed by Walter Mansfield senior of Ballynemultinagh, onto his son Walter and his then wife.^[48] Thus Cranaghatane appears among the property held by Richard Boyle in the Civil Survey of 1640.

Affane at the end of the medieval age

The medieval age is said to have ended in 1534 when King Henry VIII of England exchanged his title of Lord of Ireland to that of King of Ireland. By 1640 the medieval and Tudor ages had come and gone. Yet in the Civil Survey of 1654 which recorded the land of Ireland as it was in 1640 we get some version of Affane parish as it was in earlier times. In 1640 Sir Richard Boyle, Earl of Cork, held the townlands of Affane, Cloghdahiny and Cranaghtane which measured 2½ ploughlands and an eight part of a ploughland or 1,000 acres, worth £105 15s. Gerrott Fitzgerald of Dromana held the townlands of Dromannymore, Ballyhanemore and Dromroe which measured one ploughland and two thirds of a ploughland or 800 acres, worth £91. Pierce Roche of Curraghroche held the final townland in the parish, that of Curraghroche, measuring a quarter of a ploughland or 100 acres and worth £15.[49] The other half of Curraghroche townland was in the parish of Kilmolash where Pierce Roche held a quarter of a ploughland or 80 acres and was worth £10 2s.[50]

The land around Affane church

Conclusion

The Civil Survey of 1640 is very much Ireland’s Domesday Book. If the Anglo-Normans made a survey like the Domesday Book in 1250 it would be a wonderful resource to compare the start and end of the medieval age and help fill in many of the blanks in the medieval story of Affane. The above article has tried to fill in some of the blanks and like the story of many other places in medieval Ireland is a work in progress. Maybe someday in the future a dusty manuscript in an old cupboard could help to fill in more gaps in the story – we live in hope.

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[1] C.A. Empey, ‘County Waterford: 1200-1300’, in William Nolan & Thomas Power (eds.), Waterford History and Society (Geography Publications, Dublin, 1992), p. 142

[2] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Calendar of documents relating to Ireland (5 vols. Kraus reprint, 1974), vol. 1 (1171-1251), nos. 576, 580

[3] C.A. Empey, ‘County Waterford: 1200-1300’, in Waterford History and Society, edited by William Nolan and Thomas P. Power (Geography Publications, Dublin, 1992), p. 142

[4] Robert Simington (ed.), The Civil Survey A.D. 1654-1656 County of Waterford, Vol. VI with appendices (Stationery Office, Dublin, 1942), p. 25

[5] David Beresford, ‘Fitz Anthony, Thomas’, in Dictionary of Irish Biography, edited by James McGuire & James Quinn (Cambridge University Press, 2009), Vol. 3, p. 813

[6] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Calendar of documents relating to Ireland, vol. 1 (1171-1251), no. 1543

[7] Eric St. John Brooks, Knight’s fees in Counties Wexford, Carlow and Kilkenny, 13^th-15^th century (Stationery Office, Dublin, 1950), p. 148

[8] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Calendar of documents relating to Ireland, vol. 1 (1171-1251), nos. 1678, 1680

[9] Eric St. John Brooks, Knight’s fees in Counties Wexford, Carlow and Kilkenny, 13^th-15^th century (Stationery Office, Dublin, 1950), p. 220

[10] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Calendar of Documents relating to Ireland (5 vols. Kraus reprint, 1974), Vol. 3 (1285-1292), pp. 139, 224

[11] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Calendar of Documents relating to Ireland, Vol. 3 (1285-1292), pp. 434, 477

[12] Eric St. John Brooks, Knight’s fees in Counties Wexford, Carlow and Kilkenny, 13^th-15^th century (Stationery Office, Dublin, 1950), p. 222

[13] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Calendar of Documents relating to Ireland, Vol. 4 (1292-1301), pp. 11, 89, 114

[14] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Calendar of Documents relating to Ireland, Vol. 4 (1292-1301), pp. 132, 153

[15] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Calendar of Documents relating to Ireland, Vol. 4 (1292-1301), pp. 180, 250, 314

[16] Eric St. John Brooks, Knight’s fees in Counties Wexford, Carlow and Kilkenny, 13^th-15^th century (Stationery Office, Dublin, 1950), p. 222

[17] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Calendar of Documents relating to Ireland, Vol. 3 (1285-1292), p. 54

[18] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Calendar of Documents relating to Ireland, Vol. 4 (1292-1301), p. 249

[19] Robin Frame, ‘Commissions of the Peace in Ireland, 1302-1461’, in Analecta Hibernica, no. 35 (1992), p. 31

[20] H.G. Richardson & G.O. Sayles (eds.), Parliaments and Councils of Medieval Ireland (Stationery Office, Dublin, 1947), p. 59

[21] Mills (ed.), Calendar of the Justice Rolls of Ireland, 1295-1303 (), p. 304

[22] H.S. Sweetman & G.F. Handcock (eds.), Calendar of Documents relating to Ireland, Vol. 5 (1302-1307), no. 726

[23] Charles Smith, The Ancient and Present State of the County and City of Waterford (Dungarvan, 2008), p. 18

[24] Canon Patrick Power, History of the Diocese of Waterford and Lismore (), p. 227

[25] Rev. W. Rennison, Succession List of the Bishop, Cathedral and Parochial Clergy of the Diocese of Waterford and Lismore (author, 1920), p. 137

[26] J.A. Twemlow (ed.), Calendar of entries in the Papal Registers relating to Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. XIV, 1484-1492 (Stationery Office, London, 1960), pp. 142, 187, 190 ; Michael J. Haren (ed.), Calendar of entries in the Papal Registers relating to Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. XV, 1484-1492 (Stationery Office, Dublin, 1978), nos. 301, 360, 669, 889;  Anne P. Fuller (ed.), Calendar of entries in the Papal Registers relating to Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. XVII, Part 1, 1495-1503 (Irish Manuscripts Commission, Dublin, 1994), no. 852

[27] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Calendar of Documents relating to Ireland, Vol. 4 (1292-1301), p. 374

[28] H.S. Sweetman & G.F. Handcock (ed.), Calendar of Documents relating to Ireland, Vol. 5 (1302-1307), p. 25

[29] Eric St. John Brooks, Knight’s fees in Counties Wexford, Carlow and Kilkenny, 13^th-15^th century (Stationery Office, Dublin, 1950), p. 223

[30] Eric St. John Brooks, Knight’s fees in Counties Wexford, Carlow and Kilkenny, 13^th-15^th century (Stationery Office, Dublin, 1950), p. 224; Forty-second report of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records in Ireland (Stationery Office, London, 1911), pp. 16, 23

[31] Eric St. John Brooks, Knight’s fees in Counties Wexford, Carlow and Kilkenny, 13^th-15^th century (Stationery Office, Dublin, 1950), p. 224; Forty-second report of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records in Ireland (Stationery Office, London, 1911), p. 68

[32] Forty-second report of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records in Ireland (Stationery Office, London, 1911), p. 39

[33] Forty-fourth report of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records in Ireland (Stationery Office, London, 1912), p. 25

[34] Forty-fourth report of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records in Ireland (Stationery Office, London, 1912), p. 24

[35] Eric St. John Brooks, Knight’s fees in Counties Wexford, Carlow and Kilkenny, 13^th-15^th century (Stationery Office, Dublin, 1950), p. 225

[36] Elizabeth Dowse & Margaret Murphy, ‘Rotulus Clausus de Anno 48 Edward III – a reconstruction’, in Analecta Hibernica, no. 35 (1992), pp. 126, 127

[37] Eric St. John Brooks, Knight’s fees in Counties Wexford, Carlow and Kilkenny, 13^th-15^th century (Stationery Office, Dublin, 1950), pp. 225, 226

[38] Goddard Henry Orpen, Ireland under the Normans, 1169-1333 (Four Courts Press, Dublin, 2005), Vol. III, p. 198

[39] Robert Simington (ed.), The Civil Survey A.D. 1654-1656 County of Waterford, Vol. VI with appendices (Stationery Office, Dublin, 1942), p. 47

[40] Gerald O’Carroll, The Earls of Desmond: The Rise and Fall of a Munster Lordship (author, 2013), p. 20

[41] Frank O’Brien, The O’Briens of Deise (Birchcorp, 2001), p. 68; Melanie O’Sullivan & Kevin McCarthy, Cappoquin: A Walk Through History (Cappoquin, 1999), p. 52

[42] Melanie O’Sullivan & Kevin McCarthy, Cappoquin: A Walk Through History (Cappoquin, 1999), p. 55

[43] Robert Simington (ed.), The Civil Survey A.D. 1654-1656 County of Waterford, Vol. VI with appendices (Stationery Office, Dublin, 1942), p. 47

[44] K.W. Nicholls, ‘Abstracts of Mandeville Deeds, NLI. MS.6136’, in Analecta Hibernica, No. 32 (1985), pp. 9, 11, 19

[45] K.W. Nicholls, ‘Abstracts of Mandeville Deeds, NLI. MS.6136’, in Analecta Hibernica, No. 32 (1985), pp. 8, 15

[46] K.W. Nicholls, ‘Abstracts of Mandeville Deeds, NLI. MS.6136’, in Analecta Hibernica, No. 32 (1985), p. 15

[47] K.W. Nicholls, ‘Abstracts of Mandeville Deeds, NLI. MS.6136’, in Analecta Hibernica, No. 32 (1985), p. 7

[48] Rev. Alexander Grosart (ed.), The Lismore Papers, first series, vol. III, p. 101

[49] Robert Simington (ed.), The Civil Survey A.D. 1654-1656 County of Waterford, Vol. VI with appendices (Stationery Office, Dublin, 1942), p. 47

[50] Robert Simington (ed.), The Civil Survey A.D. 1654-1656 County of Waterford, Vol. VI with appendices (Stationery Office, Dublin, 1942), p. 55

Biographies on some of the de Mandeville family in Medieval Ireland

Biographies on some of the de Mandeville family in Medieval Ireland

Niall C.E.J. O’Brien

    The family of de Mandeville came from the town of Magneville in the Cotentin Peninsula in Western Normandy.[1] From among all the different branches of the Mandeville family who settled in England there came to Ireland between 1170 and 1189 a certain Martin de Mandeville. The relationship between the subsequent Mandeville residents in Ireland is not always clear. Today, descendants of the de Mandeville family still live in Ireland but are now known by the name of Mansfield. This article provides brief glimpses into the lives of some of the de Mandeville family in medieval Ireland.

Martin de Mandeville: Martin de Mandeville first appears in Ireland sometime before 1192 when he witnessed an exchange of land between Matheus, Bishop of Glendalough and John, Archbishop of Dublin.[2] Sometime before 1200 he received lands in County Meath from Hugh de Lacy. His daughter, Joan, married, as her second husband, Ernisius de Dunheved by 1228. As Ernisius came from the manor of Dunheved, near Mells, in eastern Somerset, then Martin may also be from that county. He left some land to Joan and gave the most to his son, Robert. Martin de Mandeville witnessed a deed of Llanthony priory c.1200-5.[3] In about 1210 Martin de Mandeville witnessed the grant of Ratoath by King John during his stay in Ireland to Philip de Worcester.[4]

Robert de Mandeville: About 1200 Robert was described as a tenant of Walter de Lacy in Meath. In 1210 he was involved with King John’s attack upon the de Lacy family in Meath and Ulster. As a reward King John gave Robert waste land which was uninhabited in the Honor of Lune (Louth).[5] Could this uninhabited land be the later place known as Mandevilletowns? We cannot known for sure but it is a real possibly.

About the same time the feudal lord of the Mandevilles, Hugh de Lacy II married Leselina de Verdun, sister of Theobald de Verdun, lord of Louth. By this marriage half of Louth came to Hugh de Lacy.[6] The Mandeville family moved into Louth with their lord and when Hugh de Lacy became Earl of Ulster the Mandeville family moved northwards into Ulster where in a few decades they would become one of the principal families.

In about 1215 Robert was a witnessed to the grant of grange income, in Ulster, to the Hospital of St. John the Baptist, outside Dublin by John de Cestria. Sometime after Robert was knighted and witnessed a grant of Navan property to the same Hospital. Also in 1215, Robert paid a fine of 15 marks for the custody of the land and heir of Alan de Mandeville.[7] It is unclear what their relationship was.  

Alan de Mandeville: in 1215 Robert de Mandeville paid 15 marks for the custody of the land and heir of Alan de Mandeville.[8]

Sir Henry de Mandeville: He witnessed an Ulster charter of Alan Fitz Warin in 1247 of a grant of land to Alexander de Nottingham.[9] After 1254 when Ulster was taken into the king’s hand and given to his son, Prince Edward, Henry de Mandeville became seneschal of that liberty. His seneschal’s account for the year of November 1261 to November 1262 was printed by Edmund Cutis in volume xxxix of Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy (pages10-11). In this account Henry paid £1 rent for two ploughlands in Drumtarsy within the county of Coleraine. Henry acted as constable for the castles of Drumtarsy, Coleraine and Lochkel.[10]

In 1272 enquires were made which recorded many wrong doings committed by Henry against Prince Edward’s interests and the settlers peace. The following year, Sir Henry joined with The O’Neill along with others members of the extended family like Sir Thomas, Sir Robert, Martin, Sir Walter and young Walter de Mandeville in an attack upon the English settlers in Ulster. Sometime before 1276 Henry was killed and William Fitz Warin, the new Ulster seneschal was acquitted of any involvement.[11] Yet the memory of Henry de Mandeville as seneschal of Ulster was not forgotten among the officials at the exchequer. In 1314 they cited that Henry still needed to account for his time as seneschal and he dead for near forty years – the tax man rarely forgets.[12]

Robert de Mandeville: In January 1289 Robert de Mandeville paid a fine of £20 to keep the peace as the son of Henry de Mandeville. Robert de Mandeville was on a jury panel in 1293 into the abuses of Thomas Maunsell as sheriff of Kildare. Later in 1293 Robert de Mandeville was on a jury who said that it would injure the king’s interest if ships were allowed to go direct to New Ross and bypass Waterford. In 1301 and 1302 Robert de Mandeville paid trespass fines to the Dublin sheriff but the nature of the trespass is unknown.[13]

Sir Thomas de Mandeville: He joined the O’Neill attack on Ulster in 1273. After 1281, Ulster was restored to Richard de Burgo and Sir Thomas became the new seneschal. He used his position to attack the lands of William Fitz Warin with the assistance of his extended family. Fitz Warin issued legal proceedings against Sir Thomas and Sir Robert de Mandeville. In February 1283 Thomas was to receive payment for cutting off the head of the O’Donnell and at the same time had his debts at the Dublin Exchequer clear because of services to the king in the Welsh campaign.[14]

Sir Thomas was involved in many actions against the Irish while serving the Earl of Ulster. In 1281 he joined Hugh Boy O’Neill in the defeat of the O’Donnells near Dungannon. Two years later O’Neill was killed by Brian Mac Mahon and the chieftainary of the O’Neills changed many times. After 1291 Sir Thomas helped install Richard de Burgh’s choice of Brian, son of Hugh Boy as chief. In these actions, Sir Thomas was known to the Irish by the name of Mac Martin and so we can say that he was a descendent of that Martin de Mandeville of c.1200.[15]  

Thomas lost £20 worth of war horses in the Scottish campaign of 1296. In the following year he received payment for this lost while also serving as collector of the fifteen tax in Ulster. In March 1301 he was instructed to listen to five government officials about the proposed invasion of Scotland. A year later, Thomas was paid £566 for wages and horses that he supplied to the campaign. As an added reward, Thomas got preference to purchase the marriage-ship of the son of Robert de Crus. Yet there was little time to enjoy such rewards as de Mandeville was told to prepare for another Scottish campaign.[16]

In May 1315 Edward Bruce launched a Scottish invasion of Ireland. Much of Ulster was quickly taken except for the castle of Carrickfergus. This invasion threatened the English hold on Ireland but it also more threatened the property of Thomas de Mandeville. In 1210 Duncan, Earl of Carrick, was granted land in Ulster by King John. Duncan died in 1250 and was the great-grandfather of Robert Bruce, Earl of Carrick in 1292 and later King Robert I of Scotland. In 1313 Robert granted his brother Edward Bruce the Earldom of Carrick and thus the Earldom’s lands in Ulster. Yet by then these lands were long lost to the Earldom and now held by Thomas de Mandeville. To help keep his usurper Thomas de Mandeville had documents made purporting to claim that Duncan granted the land to Thomas but this was impossible as Duncan was possibly dead long before Thomas was born.[17]

Carrickfergus Castle 

But well written documents were not enough to save Ulster and Ireland. Thomas de Mandeville and the people round him would have to go to war. On 17 March 1316 Thomas de Mandeville was given permission to make treaties with those English and Irish who supported the Scots in the hope of opening up the north. On 8 April Thomas de Mandeville commanded a fleet of fifteen ships from Drogheda to relieve the Carrickfergus garrison. The force was initially successful in fighting back the Scots. But on 10 April Thomas de Mandeville died in desperate street fighting and the relief force failed to reach the castle. The castle finally surrendered by the end of September.[18]

Sir Robert de Mandeville: He joined the O’Neill attack on Ulster in 1273 and was involve in the 1282 attack of Fitz Warin’s lands. Around 1284 Robert took law with the prior of St. Thomas Abbey, near Dublin at the liberty court of Trim concerning the rights to Donoughmore church. In the action Robert was described as a descendent of Martin de Mandeville. In 1287 he was one of four knights to appoint a jury to the Portlester assizes.[19]

In about 1271 an inquisition found that Robert de Mandeville owed two knight services to Sir Geoffrey de Geneville, Lord of Meath.[20]

It is possible that Sir Robert de Mandeville was the same Robert de Mandeville who about 1290 was a member of a twelve panel jury. This jury gave their judgement on the rights of marcher lords to prey and people captured in battle.[21] 

Martin, son of Robert de Mandeville: Martin was another participant in the O’Neill attack of 1273. He was also involved in the 1282 attack on Fitz Warin’s lands and was described as the son of Robert when one of the sureties for Sir Thomas and Sir Robert de Mandeville.[22]

Sir Walter de Mandeville: He was another participant in the 1273 O’Neill attack on the English settlements in Ulster.[23]

Walter de Mandeville: This Walter was likewise identified as a participant in the 1273 attack. He may possibly be the Walter, son of Martin, who transferred lands in counties of Tipperary, Dublin, and Meath along with land in the Liberty of Trim, to Richard White of Arklow in 1309.[24]

Hugh de Mandeville: This man brought war against the king in Ireland and William Fitz Warin took horses and other property from him as punishment. Yet Hugh had some influence in government circles and Fitz Warin was told to restore the goods in February 1275. Shortly after Hugh abandoned English ways and form his own Irish clan which took the name of Mac Uighilin (son of Hugh), otherwise written as Mac Quillan. The family occupied the eastern bank of the Bann River between Lough Neagh and the sea in the area know as The Route and forming part of old Tweskard where the Mandevilles previously held property. Nicholas casts some doubt on the family’s origins from Hugh and declares it an Elizabethan legend. Yet it must be said that later Mac Quillans possessed very un-Irish Christian names and had some foreign background.[25]

William de Mandeville: He was sheriff of Down and Newtown in 1282 when he headed an inquest which found Fitz Warin had been wronged by Thomas de Mandeville and other.[26] From 1286 William de Mandeville was seneschal of Ulster. In 1314 he accounted for Ulster to the exchequer for the period from 1286 to 1314.[27] In June 1305 William was in England and appointed attorneys in Ireland. While away he instructed his attorneys to bring law proceedings against Alan Fitz Warin over a land dispute. In April 1307 he got £10 to seek out Scottish rebels that maybe harbouring in Ulster under the protection of the religious houses.[28]

His daughter and heiress, Joan, married Richard White of Arklow. In 1309 she was granted the lands of her cousin, Walter Fitz Martin de Mandeville in Counties Tipperary, Dublin, and Meath with additional land in the Liberty of Trim.[29]

John de Mandeville: Before 1307 John’s daughter Joan had married Meiler Fitz Peter de Bermingham. The usual financial provisions were made at the marriage and all went well until Meiler was drowned in the Irish Sea while returning from the Scottish campaign. In 1307, John asked the king to instruct Peter de Bermingham to ensure Joan’s financial well fare.[30] 

William de Mandeville: In 1308 and again in 1312 this man appointed attorneys in England while he stayed in Ireland.[31]

Henry de Mandeville: He was appointed a Peace Commissioner in the diocese of Down in 1326. The following year he was seneschal of Ulster and made a peace agreement with Robert Bruce, King of Scotland. Yet not all his efforts were for peace. Three years later he was accused of committing all kinds of robberies and homicides while William de Burgh, Earl of Ulster was in England. Yet Henry continued to attack the settler community. The Earl took the war to Henry and the latter fled south to Dublin where he was arrested. For as long as Henry stayed in Dublin, he could escape the justice system of Ulster.[32]

In 1331, Maurice Fitz Thomas, first Earl of Desmond, had plans to make Henry ruler of Ulster as part of his scheme for a new governing order. Henry was so mention at an inquisition in Limerick on 23 March 1332. Instead Fitz Thomas was arrested and was imprisoned in Dublin Castle with Henry. In the following year, William de Burgh requested the extradition to Ulster of Henry de Mandeville but without success. Two years later the commonalty of Ulster sought his release to stand trial in that liberty. It is not clear if their petition was successful. This affair between the Earldom and Henry was a contributing factor in the strong de Mandeville involvement in the murder of the Earl.[33]

In the mist of all this negative news about Henry de Mandeville, there are glimpses of positive appraisal. In the financial year of 1334-1335 the Dublin government paid Henry £10 in compensation for the costs and expenses he incurred in going to Ulster to treat with McCartan and other Irish of those parts who had risen against the king’s rule. In the year 1334-1335, while the commonalty of Ulster sought his person for trial, Henry accompanied the deputy justiciar of Ireland on a military campaign into Ulster to subdue the king’s felons. Henry lost some horses on the campaign and was paid 310 in compensation.[34]

Richard de Mandeville: When Edward Bruce invaded Ireland in 1315 many of the Anglo-Irish of Ulster joined the invaders. Richard was one of these collaborators and was later charged with causing death and destruction as far south as Louth. After the war, when English rule was restored, Richard turned his support in favour of Dublin. He was appointed a Commission of the Peace in the diocese of Connor and Derry in 1326.[35]

About twenty years before this appointment, Richard married Giles de Burgh, daughter of William Liath de Burgh and accepted her authority in the relationship. In 1332 Giles’s brother, Walter de Burgh died in the prison of William de Burgh, Earl of Ulster after his arrest for conducting military operations against the Earl in Connacht. Giles forced Richard and his son Robert to seek revenge. Thus one Sunday morning in 1333, Robert struck the first blow in an assassination of the Earl. His cousin, Robert, son of Martin de Mandeville was also involved with many others of both nationalities. Richard and Giles were present at the killing but survived the subsequent backlash.[36]

Richard de Mandeville did suffer the forfeiture of his estates to the king. In 1334 we learn of Richard’s foreign connections when Byndo Guydelot of Florence was paid £10 out of Richard’s estates in repayment of a debt Richard owed to Guydelot.[37] By 1337 they were still on the run when Maud, Countess of Ulster got the king to issue a reward of 100 marks for their capture.[38]

Robert, son of Richard de Mandeville: He was son of the preceding, and struck the first blow in the murder of William de Burgh, Earl of Ulster that Sunday morning in 1333. For a time the murders reigned across the land but not all of the family supported the fowl deed. One John de Mandeville led the backlash and Robert was killed.[39]

Robert, son of Martin de Mandeville: This man’s claim to fame is as one of the attackers of the Earl of Ulster in 1333. In the backlash which followed, Robert was killed along with over three hundred people. The de Mandeville family, which had up until that time had been one of the chief settler families, faded from public view. The Savage family then assumed leadership.[40]

John de Mandeville: John held the townland of Knockdewan in 1332 at the partition of the de Verdun lands in Ireland. In the following year he was sheriff of Down and Newtownards. John stayed away from the large de Mandeville contingent who killed the Earl of Ulster. Indeed, two months later, John led the settlers in exacting revenge.[41]

James de Mandeville: He was a member of the jury which held an inquisition at Clonmel on 21 July 1345 into the rebellious activities of the Earl of Desmond around the Suir valley.[42]

Sir Walter de Mandeville: In March 1336 Walter de Mandeville, with John Coterell, acted as security for Maurice son of Thomas, Earl of Desmond, for the issues of the Bishopric of Kerry which were granted to the Earl by King Edward III.[43] In October 1343 Sir Walter attended a meeting at Newcastle, Co. Limerick where the Earl of Desmond made plans to attack the Badlesmere property in Munster. In May 1344, Sir Walter was involved in the attack upon the lands of David de Barry at Castlelyons, Co. Cork. At an inquisition held at Youghal on 4 August 1344, Sir Walter was named as part of the rebel Earl of Desmond’s attacking force upon Inchiquin.

Castlelyons castle showing elements of the medieval castle

Later, he was named as a follower of the rebel Earl by a proclamation issued at Cashel on 14 July 1345 and afterwards at a Clonmel inquisition on 29 July 1345. He was said to have attacked the property of Eliam Burdon at Ballybrennan with the other rebels. In August 1345, Sir Walter and his son Thomas were involved in rebel activities at Ballysallagh and there about.[44]

In March 1339 Sir Walter de Mandeville granted in tail to Thomas, his son, the manors of Donaghmore, Blackcastle (County Meath) and Clonsangan. For these Thomas de Mandeville was to pay his father £40 per year for the life of Walter. If Thomas died without heirs the property would pass in turn to Robert son of Sir Walter de Mandeville and then to Maurice son of Sir Walter and finally to Reginald, son of Sir Walter. If all four brothers died without heirs the property would revert to Sir Walter and his right heirs.[45]

Sir Thomas, son of Walter de Mandeville: In May 1344 Sir Thomas was part of the attacking force upon the lands of David Barry of Castlelyons, Co. Cork. Along with his father, Sir Walter de Mandeville, Thomas was named at a Youghal inquisition on 4 August 1344 as one of those who attacked the town and district as part of the Earl of Desmond’s rebels. Sir Thomas was initially called Sir Philip de Mandeville but this was corrected as the inquisition proceeded.

Later at an inquisition at Clonmel on 21 July 1345 into the rebellious activities of the Earl of Desmond, Sir Thomas was name as a follower of the Earl at Kilhimegan on 2 July 1345. He was again named as a follower of the rebel Earl in a proclamation issued at Cashel on 14 July 1345. Thomas was again mentioned as a Desmond follower at a Clonmel inquisition on 29 July 1345.[46]

On 24^th October 1367 Sir Thomas de Mandeville was a witness to the sale by Thomas de Veer, Earl of Oxford to James Butler, Earl of Ormond of his part of the manor of Inchiquin and the town of Youghal.[47]

Thomas son of Hugh de Mandeville: In about 1337 the escheator of Ireland accounted at the exchequer for two and half carucates of land along with a mill at Ewes Magna in Ulster which were once held by Thomas, son of Hugh de Mandeville. Thomas de Mandeville held the property from the Earl of Ulster but as the Earldom of Ulster was in the king’s hand so Thomas’s property came to the king as a custody within a custody. Thomas de Mandeville was a minor in 1337 but little else is known about him or that of his father Hugh de Mandeville.[48] The Hugh de Mandeville profiled earlier lived in the 1270s and so a bit too early to produce an heir who was under twenty-one years old in 1337.

Richard de Mandeville: For the moment this Richard is treated separately from any other of the same name until we can construct his life story. On 25 August 1349 the English government wrote to the Dublin administration requesting the court files which declared Richard an outlaw on the charge of adhering to the Scots. The return declared that the trail was held in Trim before Walter de Bermingham, justiciar. It was April 1350 before this information was sent to London. Clearly it wasn’t a high priority issue for the Dublin civil service.[49]

Philip de Mandeville: The parliament held at Kilkenny in 1375 appointed a great number of people across the land to collect the subsidy tax. In the cantred of Ocarbery in the County of Limerick Philip de Mandeville was named collector along with Adam Lang of Kilmallock and Simon Bell.[50]

William de Mandeville: In February 1381 James Butler, Earl of Ormond directed that the sheriff of the Liberty of Tipperary should summon a whole host of people to appear before the seneschal of Tipperary at the next assizes. One of these people so summoned was William de Mandeville of location unknown.[51]

Philip son of Philip Mandeville: About 1399 a person called Philip son of Philip de Mandeville witnessed a deed of transfer by Christiane Power to Philip O’Hymlan of a half carucate of land in Kyllocran in the tenement of Ardcholme.[52] This place was somewhere about Carrick-on-Suir.

Thomas son of Richard de Mandeville: On 14^th July 1399 Thomas son of Richard de Mandeville, knight, assigned all his rights in the manor of Blackcastle in County Meath to Sir John de Stanley. Sometime before 14^th July Sir Thomas de Mandeville had sold Blackcastle to Sir John de Stanley as on 6^th July 1399 Stanley sold the manor to James Butler, Earl of Ormond.[53] Earlier we saw how in 1339 Sir Walter de Mandeville granted Blackcastle to his son Thomas and subsequently to his other sons in turn, namely to Robert, Maurice and Reginald de Mandeville. In that list of sons there is no Richard de Mandeville and so the mystery of who Richard was and how he came to have Blackcastle and so determine which Sir Thomas de Mandeville his son was. Historical research is like that – searching for ghosts in a foggy night of few lights. Someday the question of who Richard and Thomas were may be revealed. 

Walter Maundeville: In June 1363 he got a commission of oyer and terminer with Gerald, Earl of Desmond, Eustace Hacket, sheriff of Cork, Richard Vynegre, guardian of Youghal town and Roger Flete. They were to examine the by Henry Golofre of Leicester where he entered Youghal church with an armed force, collected and wasted the profits of same and beat the servants of John de Hirst who had been presented as rector of Youghal by the king.[54]

Thomas de Mandeville: In May 1443 Thomas as chaplain took Simon Ledewych, vicar of Dromin, Co. Louth to the archbishop’s court at Drogheda on a charge of perjury. Thomas lost the case but lodged an appeal to Rome. The process continued without any success for Thomas. In June 1444, he was issued with a letter of ex-communication if he did not pay the legal expense of Ledewych. Sometime later Simon died and Thomas attempted to enforce his claim of Simon’s brother Robert.[55]

Joan de Mandeville: She was a servant of magistrate Robert Preston of Drogheda in 1454-5 when she was a witness for Isabel Murgan in a matrimonial case against John Clarke.[56]

Other members of the Mandeville family

The Mandeville family of County Waterford seemingly descend from Sir Walter de Mandeville of the 1340s. It is hoped to follow this family in a later article.

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[1] Robert Bearman (ed.), Charters of the Redvers family and the Earldom of Devon 1090-1217 [Devon & Cornwall Record Society], new series, vol. 37 (1994), p. 38

[2] Charles McNeill (ed.), Calendar of Archbishop Alen’s Register c. 1172-1534 (Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, Dublin, 1950), p. 20

[3] Mark Hagger, The Fortunes of a Norman Family: the De Verduns in England, Ireland and Wales, 1066-1316 (Dublin, Four Courts Press, 2001), p. 202; H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal. of Doc. Ire., vol. 1 (1171-1251), no. 1621; Sir H.C. Maxwell Lyte, A History of Dunster & of the families of Mohun and Luttrell (London, St. Catherine Press, 1909), vol. 2, p. 444; Arlene Hogan, The Priory of Llanthony Prima and Secunda in Ireland, 1172-1541 (Dublin, Four Courts Press, 2008), pp. 247-8

[4] James Mills & M.J. McEnery (eds.), Calendar of the Gormanston Register (Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, Dublin, 1916), pp. 7, 179, 180; Goddard H. Orpen, Ireland under the Normans 1169-1333 (Dublin, Four Court Press, 2005), vol. II, p. 248

[5] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal. of Doc. Ire., vol. 1 (1171-1251), nos. 406, 1677; Jocelyn Otway-Ruthven, ‘The partition of the de Verdun Lands in Ireland’, in Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, vol. 66, section C, p. 407

[6] Mark S. Hagger, The Fortunes of a Norman Family: The de Verduns in England, Ireland and Wales, p. 66

[7] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal. of Doc. Ire., vol. 3 (1285-92), p. 381; Eric St John Brooks (ed.), Register of the Hospital of St. John the Baptist without the New Gate, Dublin (Dublin, Stationery Office, 1936), nos. 255, 270; J.S. Brewer & William Bullen (eds.), Calendar of Carew Manuscripts in the Archiepiscopal Library at Lambeth (6 vols., Kraus, 1974 reprint), vol. 5, p. 372. Brooks gives a date of c.1190 for document 270 but the grantor and the witnesses appear active in c.1215 according to the Carew Manuscripts here sited.; H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal. of Doc. Ire., vol. 1 (1171-1251), no. 673

[8] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal. of Doc. Ire., vol. 1 (1171-1251), no. 673

[9] James Mills & M.J. McEnery (eds.), Calendar of the Gormanston Register (Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, Dublin, 1916), p. 160

[10] Edmund Curtis, ‘Sheriff’s accounts of the Honor of Dungarvan, of Tweskard in Ulster, and of County Waterford 1261-63’, in Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, volume xxxix (1929-31), p. 10

[11] David Edwards (ed.), Regions and Rulers in Ireland 1100-1650 (Dublin, Four Courts Press, 2004), p. 46; H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal. of Doc. Ire., vol. 2 (1252-1284), nos. 929, 952, 954, 1918; Goddard H. Orpen, Ireland under the Normans 1169-1333, vol. IV, p. 135

[12] Thirty-ninth report of the Deputy Keeper Ireland (Stationery Office, Dublin, 1907), p. 51

[13] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal. of Doc. Ire., vol. 3 (1285-92), no. 1160 & p. 213; Ibid vol. 4 (1293-1301), p. 57; Paul Dryburgh & Brendan Smith (eds.), Handbook and Select Calendar of Sources for Medieval Ireland in the National Archives of the United Kingdom (Dublin, Four Courts Press, 2005), pp. 67, 97

[14] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal. of Doc. Ire., vol. 2 (1252-1284), nos. 952, 2021, 2049 & pp. 431-5

[15] Goddard H. Orpen, Ireland under the Normans 1169-1333, vol. IV, pp. 140-1 & note 21

[16] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal. of Doc. Ire., vol. 4 (1293-1301), nos. 320, 390 785 & page 200; Ibid, vol. 5 (1302-7), nos. 23, 34, 47

[17] Sean Duffy, ‘The lords of Galloway, earls of Carrick, and the Bissets of the Glens: Scottish settlement in thirteenth-century Ulster’, in David Edwards (ed.), Regions and Rulers in Ireland 1100-1650 (Four Court Press, Dublin, 2004), pp. 37, 38

[18] Colm McNamee, The Wars of the Bruces: Scotland, England and Ireland, 1306-1328 (East Linton, Tuckwell Press, 1997), pp. 169, 179-80

[19] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal. of Doc. Ire., vol. 2 (1252-1284), no. 952 & pp. 431-5: Ibid, vol. 3 (1285-92), no. 452 & p. 404

[20] James Mills & M.J. McEnery (eds.), Calendar of the Gormanston Register, p. 11

[21] James Mills & M.J. McEnery (eds.), Calendar of the Gormanston Register, p. 10

[22] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal. of Doc. Ire., vol. 2 (1252-1284), no. 952 & pp. 432-5

[23] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal. of Doc. Ire., vol. 2 (1252-1284), p. 433

[24] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal. of Doc. Ire., vol. 2 (1252-1284), p. 433; K.W. Nicholls (ed.), ‘Abstracts of Mandeville Deeds’ in Analecta Hibernica, no. 32 (1985), p. 5

[25] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal. of Doc. Ire., vol. 2 (1252-1284), no. 1088; K.W. Nicholls, Gaelic and Gaelicized Ireland in the Middle Ages (Dublin, Lilliput, 2003), pp. 158-60. See Nollaig Ó Muraíle (ed.), The Great Book of Irish Genealogies (5 vols. Dublin, De Búrca, 2003), vol. 3, nos. 831.9-831.17 for the succeeding branches of the Mac Quillan family

[26] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal. of Doc. Ire., vol. 2 (1252-1284), p. 432

[27] Thirty-ninth report of the Deputy Keeper Ireland (Stationery Office, Dublin, 1907), p. 51

[28] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal. of Doc. Ire., vol. 5 (1302-7), nos. 277, 565, 633

[29] K.W. Nicholls (ed.), ‘Abstracts of Mandeville Deeds’ in Analecta Hibernica, no. 32 (1985), p. 5

[30] Philomena Connolly (ed.), ‘Irish Material in the Class of Ancient Petitions (sc8) in the Public Record Office, London’ in Analecta Hibernica, no. 34 (1987), p. 20

[31] Calendar of the Patent Rolls (University of Iowa, www.uiowa.edu/~acadtech/patentrolls), Edward II (1307-13), pp. 71, 491

[32] Robin Frame, ‘Commissions of the Peace in Ireland, 1302-1461’ in Analecta Hibernica, no. 35 (1992), p. 30; Paul Dryburgh & Brendan Smith (eds.), Handbook and Select Calendar of Sources for Medieval Ireland in the National Archives of the United Kingdom, pp. 227-8

[33] James Lydon, The Lordship of Ireland in the Middle Ages (Dublin, Four Courts Press, 2003), p. 129; G.O. Sayles (ed.), ‘The Legal Proceedings against the First Earl of Desmond’ in Analecta Hibernica, no. 23 (1966), pp. 12-3; Philomena Connolly (ed.), ‘Irish material in the Class of Chancery Warrants, series I (C 81), in the Public Record Office, London’ in Analecta Hibernica, no. 36 (1995), p. 148; Philomena Connolly (ed.), ‘Irish Material in the Class of Ancient Petitions (sc8) in the Public Record Office, London’ in Analecta Hibernica, no. 34 (1987), p. 36

[34] Philomena Connolly, Irish Exchequer Payments (Dublin, 1998), pp. 616, 623

[35] James Lydon, The Lordship of Ireland in the Middle Ages, p. 115 & note 82; Robin Frame, ‘Commissions of the Peace in Ireland, 1302-1461’ in Analecta Hibernica, no. 35 (1992), p. 30;

[36] Bernadette Williams (ed.), The Annals of Ireland by Friar John Clyn (Dublin, Four Courts Press, 2007), p. 210

[37] Philomena Connolly, Irish Exchequer Payments (Dublin, 1998), p. 370

[38] Philomena Connolly (ed.), ‘Irish material in the Class of Chancery Warrants, series I (C 81), in the Public Record Office, London’ in Analecta Hibernica, no. 36 (1995), p. 152

[39] Bernadette Williams (ed.), The Annals of Ireland by Friar John Clyn, p. 210

[40] Bernadette Williams (ed.), The Annals of Ireland by Friar John Clyn, p. 210; K.W. Nicholls, Gaelic and Gaelicized Ireland in the Middle Ages, pp. 158-60

[41] Jocelyn Otway-Ruthven, ‘The partition of the de Verdun Lands in Ireland’, in Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, vol. 66, section C, p. 428; Mark Hagger, The Fortunes of a Norman Family: the De Verduns, p. 202; Bernadette Williams (ed.), The Annals of Ireland by Friar John Clyn, p. 210

[42] G.O. Sayles (ed.), ‘The Legal Proceedings against the First Earl of Desmond’ in Analecta Hibernica, no. 23 (1966), p. 25

[43] Forty-fourth report of the Deputy Keeper Ireland (Stationery Office, London, 1912), p. 56

[44] G.O. Sayles (ed.), ‘The Legal Proceedings against the First Earl of Desmond’ in Analecta Hibernica, no. 23 (1966), pp. 26-31, 35-7, 39

[45] Edmund Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, vol. 1 (Stationery Office, Dublin, 1932), no. 720

[46] G.O. Sayles (ed.), ‘The Legal Proceedings against the First Earl of Desmond’ in Analecta Hibernica, no. 23 (1966), pp. 25-31

[47] Edmund Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, vol. 2, p. 102

[48] Forty-fifth report of the Deputy Keeper Ireland (Stationery Office, London, 1913), p. 49

[49] Philomena Connolly (ed.), ‘List of Irish material in the Class of Chancery Files (Recorda) (C.260) Public Record Office, London’ in Analecta Hibernica, no. 31 (1984), pp. 12-3

[50] H.G. Richardson & G.O. Sayles (eds.), Parliaments and Councils of Medieval Ireland, volume 1 (Stationery Office, Dublin, 1947), p. 61

[51] Edmund Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, vol. 2, p. 187

[52] Edmund Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, vol. 2, p. 238

[53] Edmund Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, vol. 2, pp. 241, 242

[54] Calendar of the Patent Rolls, Edward III (1361-1364), pp. 371-2

[55] W.G.H. Quigley & E.F.D. Roberts (eds.), Registrum Iohannis Mey: the Register of John Mey Archbishop of Armagh, 1443-1456 (Belfast, Stationery Office, 1972), pp. 37, 80, 357-9

[56] W.G.H. Quigley & E.F.D. Roberts (eds.), Registrum Iohannis Mey: the Register of John Mey Archbishop of Armagh, 1443-1456, p. 357