Sunday, July 24, 2016

Templepeter parish, Co. Carlow: some historical notes

Templepeter parish, Co. Carlow: some historical notes

Niall C.E.J. O’Brien

The medieval parish of Templepeter is situated about five miles south-east of Carlow town in the Barony of Forth. The early history of the parish is unknown. The surviving monuments show that the townland of Ballintrane was the most popular settlement location in the parish. In Ballintrane there are two fulacht fiadh, two enclosures and one ringfort. Elsewhere at Ballymogue there is an earthwork. The other townlands in the parish, viz., Clonmacshane, Kilbrickan and Templepeter do not appear to have any visible monuments but may have archaeological features under the surface. The other townland of the parish, Graiguealug is divided between three parishes and it in full extent has three enclosures along with later castles/tower houses.[1]

Outside of West wall of the church from the south-west

The temple name

The name of Templepeter, church of Peter, would suggest an early date for religious practice in the parish. The common name for a parish church features the word ‘kil’ in the place-name if it doesn’t take the townland name. The word ‘temple’ is not usually seen in an isolated environment. At the religious complex at St. Mullins you have two separate churches called Temple Mor and Temple na nBo. At Clonmacnoise there is Temple Dowling and Temple Ciaran.[2] Many of these churches were dated to the 1050 to 1200 period. Only a detail archaeological survey of the fields surrounding Templepeter church could establish if the church is an isolated building or part of a larger complex.

Templepeter church and surrounding area


Templepeter church

The church of Templepeter is situated within an irregular shaped graveyard which is surrounded by a granite wall of cut stone blocks. The church is described as a rectangular structure aligned east-west and measuring 13.2 meters by 7 meters. At 92.4msq Templepeter is a fare size church for a small parish (1,045 statue acres). In the thirteenth century Templepeter was in the manor of Forth, property of the Marshal family before 1247 and the Bigod family after that until 1306. In 1247 the manor of Forth was worth £53 5s 2d making it second only to Old Ross as the most valuable part of the Liberty of Carlow.[3]

Line of the absent north wall with headstones within the church


The church is built of un-coursed mortared large granite boulders with cut stone at the corners. Templepeter parish is rich in granite stone. In 1987 only the west wall and part of the south wall survived (mainly rebuilt). 

South-east corner of the nave

The absence of a visible chancel area suggested that the church was built before the Normans or the parish was too poor to afford a chancel area. Yet we should not so quickly discount the existence of a chancel area. The east wall of the nave is for the most part removed and eight feet east of the wall is an area enclose by a low wall reserved for a number of Nolan family burials. A small archaeological dig in the area between the church and the burial area of the O’Nolans would be of importance in understanding the history of Templepeter church. In the fifteenth century some unknown patron did invest in the church by purchasing a plain octagonal font.[4]

Ground plan of Templepeter church and the O'Nolan grave enclosure 

Before the Norman Conquest, Templepeter was situated in the territory of Fortharta Uí Nualláin, Forth of O’Nolan.[5] Descendants of this Gaelic O’Nolan nation made their burial place at the east end of Templepeter church, the important part of the church, in what could have been a chancel area. The fifteenth century some unknown patron (may be an O’Nolan lord) invested in the church by purchasing a plain octagonal font.[6]

The surviving church at Templepeter has few architectural details apart from the large corner stone’s particularly at the south-east corner. There is a possible south doorway about ten feet from the west wall. The surviving structure shows no obvious window sites but parts of the south wall have been reconstructed. It is very possible that at least one south window was previously located in the reconstructed area.

Templepeter parish

If the surviving structural evidence gives us little information on Templepeter church, the documentary evidence gives us even les information about the parish. The names of the incumbents of the medieval vicarage of Templepeter are few and far between. This is mainly due to the absence of any diocesan register. It is also due to the stability of the parish that nobody made a petition to the Pope for the benefice. The papal registers in Rome provide the main body of evidence on the Irish medieval church and they are silent about Templepeter until the late fifteenth century.

Map of Templepeter parish

In 1495 the parish of Templepeter was variously spelt as Tpemplo Pedit, Templopedit, Templopedi, alias Kylnelada. The parish was worth five marks in 1495 and was occupied by Odo Ohedean. It was said that Odo Ohedean claimed to be the vicar was without title or support in law and that he held the vicarage for about seven years (starting c.1488). On 20th November 1495 Thady Occurruyn, cleric of the Diocese of Leighlin, received a papal mandate to have the precentorship of Leighlin (occupied by David Omurray) along with the rectory of Caruasuan (occupied by David Omurray, worth three marks), and Myshall (occupied by Donald Omillan, worth six marks) with the vicarage of Templepeter. The archdeacon of Glendalough with the dean of Ossory and Nicholas White, canon of Ossory, were commissioned to decide if Thady Occurruyn should have all four benefices. Sometime before 1495 Thady had received dispensation as the son of a priest and an unmarried woman to be promoted to all even sacred orders.[7]

A few days before, on 7 November 1495, Thady Occurruyn, as vicar of Berrac (Barragh), had procured a papal mandate to have the vicarages of Myshall (occupied by Patrick Ocurruyn) and Ballon (occupied by Henry Omilain). In this papal letter Thady Occurruyn was son of a deacon (in 1495 an archdeacon) and an unmarried woman. Myshall vicarage was then worth three marks and under the patronage of the rector and Thomas Wall. The difference in the name of the Myshall vicar and the value of the parish possibly occasioned the second letter of the 20th November.

The vicarage of Ballon was worth four marks and was under the patronage of Glascarrig priory in Co. Wexford. The treasurer of Leighlin along with Cornelius Obroyn and Gerald Mardul, canons of Leighlin, were to judge the matter.[8]

In November 1502 Thady Occurruyn occupied the vicarages of Kalyn (Killeen in Killabban, Co. Laois) and Kerrach (Curragh in Killeshin, Co. Laois) in the Diocese of Leighlin without any title or support in law. Also in 1502 Henry Omyllayn occupied Kellasna (Killeshin, Co. Laois) vicarage without any title. Edmund Omillayn, cleric in the Diocese of Leighlin procured a papal mandate for the three vicarages with Maurice Offaellayn, canon of Limerick as the judge.[9]

It is not known how long after 1495 did Thady Occurruyn hold Templepeter as the parish disappears from the records. In the secular world there are few references to Templepeter parish. It would appear that the parish was within the area of the O’Nolan lordship. When the O’Nolan chief surrendered his lands under the surrender and regrant scheme of the Tudor government it would seem that a third part of his lands were retained by the government. In 1550-51 the crown made a lease to Edmund O’Leyne and John Barry of Freeton, of considerable lands across County Carlow including a third part of the townlands of Templepeter, Ballintrane, Kilbrickan, Ballymogue and Clonmacshane.[10] 

In 1562-3 Thomas Butler, 10th Earl of Ormond, was granted the former possessions of many religious houses in Counties Kildare, Kilkenny, Tipperary and Carlow. At the same time he received secular lands in these counties. At Templepeter Thomas Butler received a third part of each townland in the parish.[11]

Arable farmland north of Templepeter church

Templepeter parish in the nineteenth century

Templepeter parish does not feature often in later surviving documents. In the 1821 census there were 116 inhabited houses in the parish of Templepeter containing 121 families. Living in these houses were 328 males and 352 females.[12] By 1837 the population of the parish had declined to 349 people.[13]

As the nineteenth century progressed the parish of Templepeter continued to decline in population, falling from 234 in 1851 to 159 in 1861 and the number of dwelling houses fell to 27 with 2 uninhabited houses. Only Kilbrickan recorded an increase in population from 7 to 12 people. These 12 people all lived in one house.[14]

Long before the nineteenth century the medieval church of Templepeter was abandoned with the Protestant population going to Dunleckney for services and the Catholic population going to Nurney or Newtown. Archaeological excavations would carry the story of medieval Templepeter further but for the moment we must leave the story as told until that other day.

Granite wall surrounding the graveyard at Templepeter

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[1] http://webgis.archaeology.ie/historicenvironment/ accessed on 24 July 2016 Templepeter area
[2] Tomás Ó Carragáin, Churches in Early Medieval Ireland (Yale University Press, 2010), pp. 200, 307
[3] Goddard H. Orpen, Ireland under the Normans, 1169-1333 (Four Courts Press, Dublin, 2005), vol. III, p. 81
[4] http://webgis.archaeology.ie/historicenvironment/ accessed on 2 July 2016 for Templepeter in Carlow
[5] Margaret Murphy, ‘Roger Bigod and the lordship of Carlow, 1270-1306’, in Lordship in Medieval Ireland: Image and Reality, edited by Linda Doran & James Lyttleton (Four Courts Press, Dublin, 2007), p. 82
[6] http://webgis.archaeology.ie/historicenvironment/ accessed on 2 July 2016 for Templepeter in Carlow
[7] Anne P. Fuller (ed.), Calendar of entries in the Papal Registers relating to Great Britain and Ireland: Papal Letters, Vol. XVI, Alexander VI: Lateran Registers part one: 1492-1498 (Stationery Office, Dublin, 1986), no. 457
[8] Anne P. Fuller (ed.), Calendar of Papal Registers relating to Great Britain and Ireland: Vol. XVI, no. 456
[9] Anne P. Fuller (ed.), Calendar of entries in the Papal Registers relating to Great Britain and Ireland: Papal Letters, Vol. XVII, Part 1, Alexander VI: Lateran Registers part two: 1495-1503 (Irish Manuscripts Commission, Dublin, 1994), no. 982
[10] Tudor fiants, Edward VI, no. 719
[11] Tudor fiants, Elizabeth, no. 504
[14] British Parliamentary Papers, Census of Ireland 1861, part 1, Co. Carlow, Barony of Forth, Templepeter parish

Saturday, July 23, 2016

Colligan church and parish, Co. Waterford

Colligan church and parish, Co. Waterford

Niall C.E.J. O’Brien

The medieval and civil parish of Colligan lies in the Barony of Decies without Drum in mid County Waterford. The main road from Dungarvan to Clonmel passes along the western edge of the parish. The parish was also known by the name of Kilcrecan, Quylgan and Coledan.[1]

Colligan medieval church - doorway - nave - chancel arch

Early inhabitants

People have lived in the valley of the Colligan River since early times. The quite sheltered valley offered fresh water and protection from the harsh winds to grow their crops. In the townland of Knockanpower are the remains of a horizontal mill to process the grain crops.[2] Also in Knockanpower are three earthworks marking the sites of former human activity.[3] The townland of Garryduff also has an earthwork along with three fulachta fiadh and a rectangular enclosure.[4] Carrowgarriff More also has the site of an earthwork.[5]

The church

The medieval church of Colligan stands on the west bank of the Colligan River within a subrectangular graveyard. The foundations of the nave and chancel have been restored and are separated by a 9 foot height pointed chancel arch (Width 1.75m & height 2.75m). The pointed arch has a chamfered rib within. Colligan parish may have been small in size and wealth yet the arch shows that the medieval people of that place made great efforts to have a church worthy of beautifying the glory of God. Much of the fabric of the church is lost but it too must also have had wonderful architectural features. Perhaps it lies under the plaster of surrounding houses or in the nearby Catholic Church.

The Chancel arch looking east

Detail of the chancel arch


Canon Patrick Power measured the nave at 36 feet long by 14 feet wide (13.05m E-W & 6.4m N-S) and the chancel as 18 feet by 10 feet wide (7.05m E-W & 4.6m N-S). The entrance doorway was in the south wall of the nave which was the usual location in early Irish churches. A pot quern, sillstones and a ballaun stone are in the church ruins.[6]

Plan of Colligan church

A particularly interesting feature of the medieval church of Colligan is its situation. At the Reformation the buildings and property of the medieval parish church passed to the new Protestant Church of Ireland. The membership of the new Church was very small as the vast majority of the Irish people remained as members of the Roman Catholic Church. Consequently most of the medieval parish churches were left fall into ruin. After the Act of Union of 1801 the Church of Ireland began a programme of building new Protestant churches beside, or on the foundations of, these ruined medieval churches. Colligan is an exception to this construction programme as the ruined medieval church is a short distance north of the Roman Catholic parish church for Colligan, the church of St. Anne.

Modern Catholic church from the medieval church 

The parish

In medieval times Colligan was a constitute parish of the plebania of Dungarvan.[7] It is not known when the parish was formed. Many of the parishes in the Diocese of Lismore in the area of modern South Tipperary were formed by 1250 and it is likely that Colligan parish was formed sometime in the previous hundred years. In about 1302 the parish was valued at £2 with the papal tenth worth 4s.[8] In 1660 the rectory was in the patronage of the Earl of Cork and he had the right of presentation which right passed to his descendants, the Dukes of Devonshire.[9] It is likely that in medieval times the patronage of Colligan parish was also in lay hands.

The names of the incumbents of the medieval vicarage of Colligan are few and far between. This is mainly due to the absence of any diocesan register. It is also due to the stability of the parish that nobody made a petition to the Pope for the benefice. The papal registers in Rome provide the main body of evidence on the Irish medieval church and they are silent about Colligan until the sixteenth century.

In 1516 Thady Mackrad held the perpetual vicarage of Colligan with the rectory of Clonea. This Clonea was in the area east of Dungarvan, by the sea, known as Clonea Strand. The other Clonea in Co. Waterford, known popularly as Clonea Power near Carrick-on-Suir, was in medieval times known as the parish of Mothel.

Location of Colligan and Clonea

In April 1516 Thady Mackrad received papal letters to have the deanery of Lismore (worth 24 marks). Unfortunately the value of Colligan parish was not stated in the papal letter.[10] It is not clear if Thady Mackrad was successful at acquiring the deanery position. Another later vicar of Colligan in the sixteenth century was Nicholas Kellehin who in 1588 was vicar of Lisnakill. Thereafter the succession list of vicars doesn’t begin in earnest until 1615 with John O’Hea.[11]

In 1298, Thomas FitzMaurice of Shanid, Co. Limerick, held ownership of most of Colligan parish. The half villata there used to earn 40s yearly for Thomas but in 1298 was in waste. Nobody would rent the land due to robbers nor could any income be got from the parish.[12] During the minority of Thomas’s heir the king held his estates but it would seem that the escheator fared no better at earning money from Colligan as the Fitzgeralds.[13] Ownership of the parish passed from Thomas to his son, Maurice FitzThomas, 1st Earl of Desmond. It later descended to the Fitzgeralds of Dromana.

In the turbulent years of the Tudor period the ownership of Colligan parish and its different townlands changed with the rise and fall of Tudor power in Ireland. In October 1566 Richard Lookar, merchant of Waterford, was granted the tithes from Knockanpower townland with many other townlands in County Waterford along with the rectory of Dungarvan and its plebania chapels including Colligan. In 1559 Richard Lookar was bailiff of Waterford city. In August 1576 John Lookar, gent of Waterford, received a new grant of that given to Richard Lookar.[14]

In February 1572 John Thickpenny was granted the rectory (sic. vicarage) of Quylgan, alias Colligan along the possessions and parishes formerly belonging to Molana Abbey. There is no evidence that Molana Abbey did own the advowson of Colligan parish. John Thickpenny also received the tithes of Garrycloyne townland in the parish.[15]

During the reign of Queen Elizabeth, Thomas Fitzrichard Fitzgerald, gent of Pallas, Co. Limerick, held ownership of the townland of Garryduff in Colligan parish with other townlands around Co. Waterford. At some unknown date he mortgaged these townlands for £136 to James Fitzthomas Sherlock. In 1592 Gerald Fitzrichard Fitzgerald, brother of Thomas, was granted the right of redemption after proving that Thomas’s son, Richard, was a bastard and died in rebellion against the Queen which was always not a good thing. But Gerald Fitzgerald didn’t gain possession as in 1591 Garryduff was granted with all the other Waterford lands of Fitzgerald to Richard Beacon as Fitzgerald was attained.[16]

By 1640 Sir Richard Osbourne of Knockmoan held the townland of Garryduff as part of the manor of Knockmoan. At that time the townland contained half a ploughland at 90 acres and was worth £5 7s 6d.[17]

Chancel area and east side of archway

The biggest landowner in Colligan parish in 1640 was Garret Fitzgerald of Dromana. He held two ploughlands of the parish where the total parish measured three and one half ploughlands. The Fitzgerald lands included the townlands of Colligan, Garrycloyne and Knockroe and measured 660 acres (of which 90 acres arable and 290 acres pasture), worth in total £33 9s.[18] In 1663 Thomas Ronan of Youghal claimed to have inherited a lease (made in 1639) of his father, James Ronan, of land at Colligan from the Fitzgeralds for fifty-one years at £10 per annum.[19] Sir Richard Osbourne of Knockmoan had a lease from 1633 of one and half ploughlands of Colligan and Garrycloyne from the Fitzgeralds for fort-one years at £20 per year.[20]

Other landowners of Colligan parish in 1640 included David McDonnagh of Knockpoery (Knockanpower) held the half ploughland in that townland (150 acres) and which was worth £13 2s 6d. He paid 15s in chief rent to the earl of Cork. The final townland in the parish was Caherowgariffe (Carrowgarriff), containing half a ploughland (75 acres) and was worth £4 9s. This townland was owned by Philip McGrath of Curaghnesledy, in Modeligo parish.[21]

In 1660 the five townlands in Colligan parish contained the following number of taxpayers. Knockanpower had 16 people, Knockroe (15 people), Garrycloyne (11 people), Colligan (9 people) and Garryduff (7 people). All these taxpayers were of the Irish nation.[22] In 1662 many of these taxpayers were named in the Subsidy Roll of County Waterford. In that year Knockanpower had 7 taxpayers, Knockroe (9 taxpayers), Garryduff (3 taxpayers), Colligan (2 taxpayers) and Garrycloyne (one tax payer). Sixteen of the taxpayers were husbandmen while five were yeomen and one gent, John McDavid of Knockanpower.[23]

In the 1830s Colligan parish was measured at 3,679 acres with just over one thousand people. The tithes then amounted to £135 of which the rector received £90 and the vicar the balance.[24] A list of the successive vicars of Colligan of the Church of Ireland faith was compiled by Rev. William Rennison.[25] Further particulars of Colligan parish, with a list of Roman Catholic pastors, was included by Canon Patrick Power in his history book of the united diocese of Waterford and Lismore.[26]

Colligan church from the south showing doorway and arch

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[1] Canon Patrick Power, ‘Obligationes Pro Annatis Diocesis Waterfordiensis et Lismorensis’, in
Archivium Hibernicum, vol. XII (1946), p. 15; Tudor fiants, Elizabeth, no. 1687; H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Calendar of Documents relating to Ireland (5 vols. London, 1875-1886), vol. 5, p. 305
[2] Michael Moore (ed.), Archaeological Inventory of County Waterford (Stationery Office, Dublin, 1999), no. 1286
[3] Michael Moore (ed.), Archaeological Inventory of County Waterford, nos. 1170, 1171, 1172
[4] Michael Moore (ed.), Archaeological Inventory of County Waterford, nos. 351, 352, 353, 1113, 1303
[5] Michael Moore (ed.), Archaeological Inventory of County Waterford, no. 1061
[6] Canon Patrick Power, ‘The Ancient Ruined Churches of Co. Waterford’, in the Journal of the
Waterford and South East of Ireland Archaeological Society, Vol. III (1897), p. 77 ; Michael Moore (ed.), Archaeological Inventory of County Waterford, no. 1337
[7] Canon Patrick Power, ‘Obligationes Pro Annatis Diocesis Waterfordiensis et Lismorensis’, in
Archivium Hibernicum, vol. XII (1946), p. 15
[8] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Calendar of Documents relating to Ireland, vol. 5, p. 305
[9] Rev. W.H. Rennison (ed.), ‘Joshua Boyle’s Accompt of the Temporalities of the Bishoprick’s of Waterford’, in the Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society, Volume 35, p. 28; Samuel Lewis, Topographical Directory of Ireland (London, 1837), p. 388
[10] Anne P. Fuller (ed.), Calendar of entries in the Papal Registers relating to Great Britain and Ireland, Volume XX, 15131521, Leo X, Lateran Registers, part one (Irish Manuscripts Commission, Dublin, 2005), Vol. XX, No. 626
[11] Rev. W. Rennison, Succession list of the Bishop, Cathedral and Parochial Clergy of the Diocese of Waterford and Lismore (1920), pp. 89, 141
[12] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Calendar of Documents relating to Ireland, vol. 4, p. 261
[13] Thirty-Eight Report of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records in Ireland, p. 40
[14] Tudor fiants, Elizabeth, nos. 956, 3133; Niall Byrne (ed.), The Great Parchment Book of Waterford (Irish Manuscripts Commission, Dublin, 2007), p. 135
[15] Tudor fiants, Elizabeth, no. 1687
[16] Tudor fiants, Elizabeth, nos. 5536, 5683
[17] R.C. Simington (ed.), The Civil Survey A.D. 1654-1656 County of Waterford, Vol. VI with appendices (Stationery Office, Dublin, 1942), p. 46
[18] R.C. Simington (ed.), The Civil Survey A.D. 1654-1656 County of Waterford, Vol. VI with appendices, p. 45
[19] Geraldine Tallon (ed.), Court of Claims: Submissions and Evidence 1663 (Irish Manuscripts Commission, Dublin, 2006), no. 374
[20] R.C. Simington (ed.), The Civil Survey A.D. 1654-1656 County of Waterford, Vol. VI with appendices, p. 46
[21] R.C. Simington (ed.), The Civil Survey A.D. 1654-1656 County of Waterford, Vol. VI with appendices, p. 46
[22] Seamus Pender (ed.), A Census of Ireland, circa 1659 (Irish Manuscripts Commission, Dublin, 2002), p. 335
[23] Julian C. Walton, ‘The subsidy roll of County Waterford, 1662’, in Anaclecta Hibernica, No. 30 (1982), pp. 66, 67
[24] Samuel Lewis, Topographical Directory of Ireland (London, 1837), p. 388
[25] Rev. W. Rennison, Succession list of the Bishop, Cathedral and Parochial Clergy of the Diocese of Waterford and Lismore (1920), pp. 141-2
[26] Canon Patrick Power, Waterford and Lismore: a compendious history of the united diocese (Cork University Press, 1937), pp. 187, 189

Wednesday, July 13, 2016

English estates of the Earl of Ormond in 1463

English estates of the Earl of Ormond in 1463

Niall C.E.J. O’Brien

On 4th November 1461 James Butler, Earl of and Wiltshire and Ormond, was attained by Act of Parliament in England along with his brothers, John and Thomas. In October 1462 the attainder was extended to Ireland. By this date James Butler was dead as he was beheaded on 1st May 1461. James Butler and his brothers were supporters of the House of Lancaster which House was heavily defeated at the Battle of Towton (the Earl escaped the battle but was captured later at Cockermouth by Richard Salkeld). The new king, Edward IV of the House of York, declared forfeit many supporters of the Lancastrians including the Butlers.[1]

James Butler was the son and heir of James Butler, 4th Earl of Ormond, by his first wife Joan, daughter of William Beauchamp, Lord Abergavenny, by Joan, daughter of Richard Fitzalan, Earl of Arundel. James succeeded his father as 5th Earl in 1452 and spent much of his life in England yet he was Viceroy of Ireland on a number of occasions. On 8th July 1449 he was created Earl of Wiltshire in the English peerage. James Butler first married (1438) Avice, daughter and heir of Sir Richard Stafford by his wife Maud (she married secondly to John Arundel, Earl of Arundell) daughter and heir of Sir Robert Lovell (younger son of John, 5th Lord Lovell) by his wife Elizabeth.

Avice Butler died in 1457 and James Butler married secondly Eleanor Beaufort. Eleanor Beauford was the sister and co-heir of Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, son of Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset by his wife Eleanor (widow of Thomas, Lord Ros), daughter and co-heir of Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick.[2]

This article contains an account of the English property owned by the Earl of Ormond when he was attained which was a substantial estate. The Irish property of the Earl is well documented in the six volumes Calendar of Ormond Deeds, edited by Edmund Curtis (Stationery Office, Dublin, 1932-1943) and in Irish Monastic and Episcopal Deeds, edited by Newport B. White (Stationery Office, Dublin, 1936).



London
At the north end of Garlick Hill in London, the Earl of Ormond owned a site called Ormondisinne.[3]

Worcestershire

On 25th October 1463 Thomas Hubaude, escheator of Worcestershire recorded that the Earl of Wiltshire and Ormond was seized of a number of properties in the County. James Butler held the manor of Gannow, worth £16 net per year, of Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Thomas Littleton, deceased, as of her manor of Frankley, by fealty and a rent of 3s per year.[4]

On 20th November 1445 Walter, Lord Hungerford, Bartholomew Brokesby and John Daundesey granted the manor of Gannow to James Butler, son and heir of the 4th Earl of Ormond, with all the messuages within the towns of Frankley, Chadwick, Taddenhurst, Willingwick and elsewhere in Worcestershire. All these lands except Frankley lie in the parish of Bromsgrove. The three grantees had held this property from Joan de Beauchamp, Lady of Abergavenny, Richard de Beauchamp, Earl of Worcester, Richard Delamere, John Braaz and Nicholas Saucer, all deceased.[5]

James Butler, Earl of Ormond, held Old Swinford in Worcester, which was worth £7 net yearly, and held of Sir Maurice Berkeley as of his manor of Weoley.[6] This manor was formerly part of the estate of John, Lord Somery. He died without issue and his property passed to his sisters and co-heirs. One of these sisters married Thomas Botecourt and by descent came to the Berkeley family. The Butler’s possibly got it from Joan Beauchamp, Lady Abergavenny, who went out of her way to acquire as much property as possible for her three Butler grandchildren.[7]

The Earl of Ormond also held the manor of Hagley from Sir Maurice Berkeley, worth £16 net per year.[8] In 1351 Sir John Botetourt recovered Hagley from the under-tenant family of Edmund Hagley and held it until about 1375 when Henry Hagley, son of Edmund recovered it. In 1412 Henry Hagley sold it to Thomas Walwyn and others. Afterwards they sold it to Joan Beauchamp, Lady Abergavenny and after her death in 1435 she conveyed it to James Butler.[9]

Also in Worcester the Earl of Ormond held the manor of Upton Snodsbury from John Albury and worth £17 net yearly.[10] Westminster abbey was the overlord of Upton Snodbury. In about 1400 Peter de Wick sold Upton Snodbury and Wick Burnell to Hugh Burnell. In 1417 Hugh Burnell sold Upton Snodbury to Joan Beauchamp, Lady Abergavenny who subsequently gave it to James Butler.[11]

Following his attainder the manors of Gannow, Old Swinford, Cradley, Hagely and Upton Snodbury were taken into the king’s hand.[12] Cradley and Old Swinford came from the old estate of John, Lord Somery.[13]

Staffordshire

On 26th October 1463 Thomas Erdeswyk, escheator of Staffordshire, made an inquisition of the lands of James Butler, Earl of Wiltshire and Ormond. In the county, the Earl possessed the manor of Mere of the king in chief and worth £20 net per year.[14] King John granted the manor to Ralph de Somery. In 1272 his grandson, Roger de Somery, held the manor. Later in the fifteenth century the manor came to James Butler from the Botetourt family via Joan Beauchamp, Lady Abergavenny and was formerly part of the estate of John, Lord Somery.[15]

The Earl held the manor of Handworth, worth £20 net per year, of the king in chief.[16] This manor was formerly part of the Botetourt estate and was inherited by them from John, Lord Somery.[17] In 1417 Hugh Burnell, husband of Joyce Botetourt, granted Mere, Handworth and Clent to Joan Beauchamp, Lady Abergavenny, and others. Lady Abergavenny subsequently granted all these manors to James Butler.[18]

The third manor held of the king in chief, in Staffordshire, by the Earl of Ormond was Clent worth £4 4s net yearly.[19] In 1272 Roger de Somery held Clent with the advowson of the church. Later the manor was part of the estate of John, Lord Botetourt (d.1386), and came to James Butler via his grandmother Joan Beauchamp, Lady Abergavenny,[20]

After his attainder the three manors were taken into the king’s hand. On 28th February 1466 Sir Walter Wrottesley was granted the manors along with the advowson of Forton (another Butler property).[21]

Leicestershire

On 16th September 1464, William Assheby, escheator of Leicester, held an inquisition into the estates of James Butler, Earl of Wiltshire and Ormond. The jury found that the Earl held the manor of Ashby de la Zouch long before his attainder (worth £29 4s per year net).[22] A petition to the king in 1467 by Sir Richard Bingham, Sir Thomas Ferrers, John Aston and William Berkeley for possession of the manor recorded the history of the manor since 1304. In that year Alan le Zouche gave the manor by gift to William Por of Swavesey, chaplain. The chaplain returned the manor to Alan for life with reminder to William le Zouche of Richard’s Castle. William le Zouche had the manor in the time of King Edward III and was succeeded in turn by his son, Alan, his grandson Hugh le Zouche (d.1399), and then William’s daughter Joyce and her son John.

John was succeeded by his daughter Joyce who died without issue. The sisters of John, also called Joyce (wife of Sir Adam Peasenhall) and Katherine then had the manor. Baldwin son of Joyce then succeeded and was followed by Margaret (wife of Richard Bingham), Elizabeth (mother of Sir Thomas Ferrers) and Joyce (wife of Hugh Stranley and mother of Robert and grandmother of John Aston). The aforementioned Katherine was mother of Maurice and grandmother of William Berkeley.[23]

In 1417 the Stranley family granted property in Worcestershire, Warwickshire and Staffordshire to Nicholas Rugeley and his wife Edith who subsequently granted it to Joan Beauchamp. In 1419 the Peasenhalls granted their third to Joan Beauchamp who settled the estates upon her grandson, James Butler.[24]

On 14th October 1448 James Butler, soon to be 1st Earl of Wiltshire, had seisin of Ashby de la Zouch and enfeoffed it to Ralph Lord Sudeley, Sir William St. George, Richard Bingham, Robert Stoneham and more than eight others. Before 4th March 1463 Sir John Lovell (cousin of the Earl’s wife) seized the manor and expelled the Earl’s servants. Sir John Lovell held the manor until the attainder of the Earl of Ormond when the manor was seized into the king’s hand.[25] Subsequently on 26th October 1463 the manor was granted to Sir William Hastings. The petitioners of 1467 wish to remove William Hastings but failed and the manor remained an important set of the Hastings family for many generations.[26] 


Devonshire

On 18th June 1465 Thomas Dowriche and John Bygelde held an inquisition in Exeter into the property of the Earl of Ormond. They found the Earl held the manor of Torbryan, worth £20 per year net by an unknown tenure. After his attainder and death the manor was taken into the king’s hand.[27]

This manor came to James Butler (Earl of Wiltshire to be) in 1445 from the inheritance of his wife Avice Stafford. When Avice’s step brother died in 1438 Avice inherited from her mother six manors in Devon including an island, nine in Dorset, two in Essex, two in Gloucestershire, four in Kent, six in Suffolk, six in Somerset, other holdings in Suffolk and Somerset and Walwyns Castle in Pembrokeshire. Initially Walwyns castle was not settled on James Butler but after the death of Avice in 1457 it was taken by the Butler family and remained, with all the other property, in the family until the forfeiture of 1461.[28] This information shows that the inquisitions miscellaneous relating to the English estates of the Earl of Wiltshire and Ormond in 1463 did not include all his property in that country.

Among the Devon manors forfeited by James Butler in 1461 included Slapton, Northam, Londay, Clifton, Hardnesse and Dartmouth. On 2nd July 1465 these were granted to George, Duke of Clarence.[29]


Gloucestershire

In Gloucestershire, James Butler held the manors of Coldaston, Oxenhale and Graunsomysode. Coldaston was an ancient manor of the Pipard family, held of the Bishop of Worcester and in 1309 was owned by Ralph Pipard. By 1338 James Butler, 1st Earl of Ormond, held Coldaston.[30] On 3rd March 1466 the three manors were granted to Walter Devereux along with property belong to other forfeited estates.[31]

The Pipard inheritance

The Anglo-Irish family of Pipard left the Butler family large English estates in 1331. By the reversion of John Pipard (d.1331) his family’s estates passed to the brother of his wife Maud. In 1461 many Pipard manors were forfeited by James Butler. These included Long Compton (Warwickshire), Smeetham (Essex), Aston Blank, also called Coldaston (Gloucester), Great Linford (Buckinghamshire) and Rotherfield Pipard and Fritwell (both in Oxfordshire).[32]

Also in 1331 the Butler family also acquired Pipard lands in Ireland. At that time the Butler family were far from the great landed force they were in the later middle ages. Their more extensive holding was located in County Tipperary but much of this was under the control of local Irish families. The palatine liberty of Tipperary was not granted until 1347. In County Kilkenny their principle castle was at Gowran and the surrounding barony. They also held scattered property in Carlow and Wicklow. The chief stronghold of the later Butler family, Kilkenny castle, was not acquired until the 1390s from Hugh Despenser.[33] The English estates acquired by the Butlers were therefore of significance in the overall financial position of the family.


Kilkenny Castle


Dorset

Away from the published inquisitions into the forfeited property of James Butler, Earl of Wiltshire, other documents, such as the patent rolls provided evidence of property held by the Earl in other places as in Dorset. On 2nd July 1465 George, Duke of Clarence received a granted of Netherkencombe, Wroxhall, Tolre Porcorum, Harelbere, Childefrome and Maperton in Dorset. These were formerly owned by James Butler, Earl of Wiltshire.[34] In about 1347 Reginald le FitzHerbert held Maperton.[35] In 1303 John de Ingham held Tolre Porcorum and later by Henry, Duke of Lancaster. John, Earl of Arundel, and his wife, Matilda, held it in the fifteenth century.[36] Matilda, or Maud, was the daughter of Robert Lovell by Elizabeth, daughter and co-heir of Sir Guy Bryene and the mother of Avice Stafford, wife of the Earl of Wiltshire.[37]

Surrey

Shere in Surrey was another manor forfeited by James Butler, Earl of Wiltshire and Ormond. It was previously owned by the FitzJohn family.[38]

Suffolk and Essex

On 23rd December 1461 the new king granted to Thomas Walgrave a number of properties formerly held by James Butler, Earl of Wiltshire, in Suffolk and Essex. These properties included Merkis in Raydon Hall, Moresfor in Waldingfeld, and Overhall and Silvestres Hall (both in Bures) in Suffolk along with Foxherd Hall, Liston and Weston in Essex. On 30th March 1465 Thomas Walgrave and others along with the sheriffs of Suffolk and Essex and other counties were commissioned to examine all the properties formerly owned by James Butler in those counties and all the associated rights such as advowsons, rents and fees.[39]

On 17th February 1462 the king granted the former Butler manor of Aketon (held c.1300 by John de Hodeboville) in Suffolk to Thomas Colt. On 24th February 1462 the king granted to John Howard the former Butler manors of Layham (held by John de Leyham in 1290) and Wherstede in Suffolk and Smethton Hall in Essex.[40] James Butler also held the former Pipard manor of Smeetham in Bulmer, Essex at the time of his forfeiture.[41]

Somerset

On 4th September 1464 the king granted to his brother, George, Duke of Clarence, the castles and manors of Wodeford and Wroxsale in Somerset along with numerous manors formerly held by the Earl of Kent. The two Somerset manors were formerly held by James Butler, Earl of Wiltshire.

Elsewhere in Somerset, James and Avice Butler acquired in 1445-6 from William Beof the manors of Shokerwyk, Btheneston, Kingesdon, Somerseton Erle, Somerton Randolf and Downheved. James Butler, the future Earl of Wiltshire further got nine messuages, 368 acres of land, 92 acres of meadow, 40 acres of pasture and eighty acres of wood along with 28s in rent in the manors of Batheneston, Kingsdon, Somerton Erle and Somerton Randolf with the advowson of Kingsdon. This grant also included property in Essex, Devon, Gloucester, Kent, Suffolk and Dorset.[42]

The Earl of Wiltshire also held Blagdon in 1461 which was formerly held by the Martin family and in 1386 by John, Lord Audley. Huntspill was another Butler manor at forfeiture. On 2nd July 1465 George, Duke of Clarence, received other properties in Somerset of the late Earl of Wiltshire including Kingston by Ilchester, Somerton Erleigh, Bathereston, Brene, Exton, Belewton, Pensford and Shokerwyke.[43]

In 1309 John Pipard acknowledge gift of Belweton and Brene to Edmund Butler with occupation after the death of John. In 1332 Brene and Belweton were the property of James Butler, 1st Earl of Ormond. In 1427 James Butler, 4th Earl of Ormond, granted Belweton to Sir John Inyn and his wife Edith for life with reversion to the Earl. For this they gave James Butler 300 marks. In 1420 James Butler, 4th Earl of Ormond, held Exton and Pensford of the king.[44]

Shropshire

The manor of Pitchford was owned by Hugh Burnell in 1420. In 1421 a number of his Shropshire manors were settled on his granddaughter, Katherine and her husband, John Talbot. Pitchford was not in this settlement. Instead it was sold to Joan Beauchamp who gave it to James Butler and in 1461 was forfeited along with his other property.[45]  

Warwickshire

In 1461 James Butler held the manor of Long Compton. It was another Pipard manor acquired in the fourteenth century. Bidford was another Butler manor in Warwickshire but was granted in 1453 to William, Lord Lovell.[46]

Lands elsewhere

In addition to the above lands owned by James Butler, 1st Earl of Wiltshire and 5th Earl of Ormond, the family had other property interests in England over the years. These include timber rights in an oak forest in the park called The Vacherye in Surry. This park in Cranley came to the Butler family in 1297 via Joan FitzGeoffrey, wife of Theobald Butler (d.1285) and daughter of John FitzGeoffrey, justiciar of Ireland.[47] On 18th February 1437 James Butler, 4th Earl of Ormond, sold sixty-one oak trees to Thomas Wright, citizen and merchant of London. Thomas Wright could choose these trees from eighty oaks trees marked by the Earl and his associates, John Neelle, master of the House of St. Thomas of Acres in London and John Battescombe.[48]

On 11th March 1465 the king granted to John Donne and his wife Elizabeth numerous manors across England and Wales including the castle and manor of Telaharn in South Wales formerly held by James Butler, Earl of Wiltshire.[49]

At the manors of Bideford-on-Avon and Broom (both in Warwickshire), James Butler, 4th Earl of Ormond, received the right of reversion of both manors, with others, from Joan Beauchamp, Lady of Abegavenny. The manors had previously been grant to Thomas Harewell and others by Lady Abergavenny and her associates. When Thomas died in November 1443 the inquisition jury said the manors ought to remain with the Earl of Ormond and nine others.[50]

At an earlier time the 3rd Earl of Ormond, possessed the manor of Twyford in Buckinghamshire. In 1394 Sir Thomas Giffard held Twyford from the then Earl. Before 1452 it was sold to the Giffard family. In the thirteenth century Twyford was held by the Earls of Pembroke and after 1254 by Ralf Fitz Nicholas who took the Pipard name. From the Pipards it descended to the Earls of Ormond. In 1328 James Butler, Earl of Ormond, was granted free warren at Twyford.[51] 

After the death of the Earl of Wiltshire and Ormond

James Butler was beheaded on 1st May 1461 leaving no estate and his great estates in England and Ireland in the hands of the Yorkist government. In or before 1470 Eleanor Beaufort, the Earl’s widow, married Sir Robert Spenser of Spensercombe in Devonshire and died on 15th August 1501. Eleanor Beaufort had two daughters by Sir Robert Spenser, namely Catherine (wife of Algernon Percy, Earl of Northumberland) and Margaret (wife of Thomas Cary).[52]

James Butler, Earl of Wiltshire and Ormond, left no children and the Earldom of Wiltshire became extinct. The attainder against the Earl in Ireland was annulled on 21st July 1475 and James Butler’s heir, his brother John Butler, could rightfully call himself 6th Earl of Ormond and inherited the Irish estates. John Butler died unmarried in 1477 in Rome on a supposed pilgrimage to the Holy Land. John Butler was succeeded by his brother, Thomas Butler, 7th Earl of Ormond.[53]

Thomas Butler had English lands of his own via his wife, Anne (marry 1445), daughter and co-heir of Sir Richard Hankeford. This English estate consisted of two manors in Somerset, one in Cornwall and twenty-seven manors in Devon. When Thomas Butler died in 1515 his English lands were inherited by his two daughters, Anne (James St. Leger) and Margaret (wife of Sir William Boleyn, grandfather of Anne Boleyn, onetime Queen of England). In 1529 Margaret’s son, Thomas Boleyn was created Earl of Wiltshire and Ormond.[54]

Conclusion

The English estates of the Earl of Ormond was substantial and even though much of the estate was lost by backing the Lancastrian side in the War of the Roses, the estate had influence the Butler family over the succeeding generations after 1461 to make the family one of the chief supporters of the English cause in Ireland. If other Irish families like that of Condon of Co. Cork had a chance to develop their English estates, then medieval Ireland may have been more English than it was, and the Tudor re-conquest may never have been needed. The Protestant reformation may have gain more converts in Ireland than it then and Ireland would have had a different history. Such are the opportunities of history, they come but once and pass on, never to come again and all is changed, changed utterly.

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[1] C.E.C. Cockeye, The Complete Peerage (Alan Sutton, 1987), Vol. X, pp. 128, 129
[2] C.E.C. Cockeye, The Complete Peerage, Vol. X, pp. 125, 126, 127
[3] C.E.C. Cockeye, The Complete Peerage, Vol. X, p. 129, note b
[4] J.W.B. Chapman & Mrs. Leighton (eds.), Calendar of Inquisitions Miscellaneous, volume VIII, 1422-1485 (Boydell Press & National Archives, 2003), no. 264
[5] Paul Dryburgh & Brendan Smith, ‘Calendar of documents relating to medieval Ireland in the series of Ancient Deeds in the National Archives of the United Kingdom’, in Analecta Hibernica, no. 39 (2006), p. 12
[6] J.W.B. Chapman & Mrs. Leighton (eds.), Calendar of Inquisitions Miscellaneous, volume VIII, no. 264
[7] Bridget Wells-Furby (ed.), A catalogue of the medieval muniments at Berkeley Castle (2 vols. Bristol & Gloucestershire Archaeological Society, Gloucestershire Record Series, vol. 18, 2004), vol. II, p. 924
[8] J.W.B. Chapman & Mrs. Leighton (eds.), Calendar of Inquisitions Miscellaneous, volume VIII, no. 264
[10] J.W.B. Chapman & Mrs. Leighton (eds.), Calendar of Inquisitions Miscellaneous, volume VIII, no. 264
[12] J.W.B. Chapman & Mrs. Leighton (eds.), Calendar of Inquisitions Miscellaneous, volume VIII, no. 264
[13] Bridget Wells-Furby (ed.), A catalogue of the medieval muniments at Berkeley Castle, vol. II, p. 924; J.E.E.S. Sharp (ed.), Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, volume II, Edward 1 (Kraus reprint, 1973), no. 16
[14] J.W.B. Chapman & Mrs. Leighton (eds.), Calendar of Inquisitions Miscellaneous, volume VIII, no. 265
[15] J.E.E.S. Sharp (ed.), Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, volume II, Edward 1 (Kraus reprint, 1973), no. 16; Bridget Wells-Furby (ed.), A catalogue of the medieval muniments at Berkeley Castle, vol. II, p. 924
[16] J.W.B. Chapman & Mrs. Leighton (eds.), Calendar of Inquisitions Miscellaneous, volume VIII, no. 265
[17] Bridget Wells-Furby (ed.), A catalogue of the medieval muniments at Berkeley Castle, vol. II, p. 924
[18] J.L. Kirby & Janet H. Stevenson (eds.), Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, volume XXI, 6 to 10 Henry V, 1418-1422 (Boydell Press & National Archives, 2002), no. 667
[19] J.W.B. Chapman & Mrs. Leighton (eds.), Calendar of Inquisitions Miscellaneous, volume VIII, no. 265
[20] J.E.E.S. Sharp (ed.), Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, volume II, Edward 1 (Kraus reprint, 1973), no. 16; Bridget Wells-Furby (ed.), A catalogue of the medieval muniments at Berkeley Castle, vol. II, p. 924
[21] Calendar of Patent Rolls, Edward IV, 1461-1467, p. 485
[22] J.W.B. Chapman & Mrs. Leighton (eds.), Calendar of Inquisitions Miscellaneous, volume VIII, no. 266
[23] J.W.B. Chapman & Mrs. Leighton (eds.), Calendar of Inquisitions Miscellaneous, volume VIII, no. 387
[24] Bridget Wells-Furby (ed.), A catalogue of the medieval muniments at Berkeley Castle, vol. II, p. 924
[25] J.W.B. Chapman & Mrs. Leighton (eds.), Calendar of Inquisitions Miscellaneous, volume VIII, no. 266
[26] J.W.B. Chapman & Mrs. Leighton (eds.), Calendar of Inquisitions Miscellaneous, volume VIII, no. 387
[27] J.W.B. Chapman & Mrs. Leighton (eds.), Calendar of Inquisitions Miscellaneous, volume VIII, no. 267
[28] Bridget Wells-Furby (ed.), A catalogue of the medieval muniments at Berkeley Castle, vol. II, p. 925
[29] Calendar of Patent Rolls, Edward IV, 1461-1467, p. 454
[30] Edward A. Fry (ed.), Abstracts of Inquisitions Post Mortem for Gloucestershire, part V, 30 Edward 1 to 32 Edward III, 1302-1358 (British Record Society, 1910), pp. 113, 273
[31] Calendar of Patent Rolls, Edward IV, 1461-1467, p. 486
[32] Bridget Wells-Furby (ed.), A catalogue of the medieval muniments at Berkeley Castle, vol. II, p. 923
[33] Edmund Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, Vol. II (Stationery Office, Dublin, 1934), pp. v, vi
[34] Calendar of Patent Rolls, Edward IV, 1461-1467, p. 454
[35] J.E.E.S. Sharp (ed.), Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, volume VIII, Edward III (Kraus reprint, 1973), no. 663
[37] C.E.C. Cockeye, The Complete Peerage, Vol. 1, p. 248
[38] Bridget Wells-Furby (ed.), A catalogue of the medieval muniments at Berkeley Castle, vol. II, p. 931
[39] Calendar of Patent Rolls, Edward IV, 1461-1467, pp. 72, 452
[40] Calendar of Patent Rolls, Edward IV, 1461-1467, pp. 111, 116, 200; J.E.E.S. Sharp (ed.), Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, volume II, Edward 1 (Kraus reprint, 1973), no. 775; J.E.E.S. Sharp (ed.), Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, volume III, Edward 1 (Kraus reprint, 1973), no. 634
[41] Bridget Wells-Furby (ed.), A catalogue of the medieval muniments at Berkeley Castle, vol. II, p. 928; Calendar of Patent Rolls, Edward IV, 1461-1467, pp. 331, 200
[42] Emanuel Green (ed.), Pedes Finium commonly called feet of fines for the County of Somerset, 1399-1483 (Somerset Record Society, Vol. XXII, 1906), p. 198
[43] Bridget Wells-Furby (ed.), A catalogue of the medieval muniments at Berkeley Castle, vol. II, pp. 930, 931; Calendar of Patent Rolls, Edward IV, 1461-1467, pp. 104, 105, 331, 454
[44] Emanuel Green (ed.), Pedes Finium commonly called feet of fines for the County of Somerset, 1307 to 1346 (Somerset Record Society, Vol. XII, 1898), pp. 112, 241; Ibid, Pedes Finium of Somerset, 1399 to 1483 (Somerset Record Society, Vol. XXII, 1906), p.711; J.L. Kirby & Janet H. Stevenson (eds.), Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, volume XXI, 6 to 10 Henry V, 1418-1422, no. 263
[45] Bridget Wells-Furby (ed.), A catalogue of the medieval muniments at Berkeley Castle, vol. II, p. 929
[46] Bridget Wells-Furby (ed.), A catalogue of the medieval muniments at Berkeley Castle, vol. II, p. 931
[47] Bridget Wells-Furby (ed.), A catalogue of the medieval muniments at Berkeley Castle, vol. II, p. 921
[48] Paul Dryburgh & Brendan Smith, ‘Calendar of documents relating to medieval Ireland in the series of Ancient Deeds in the National Archives of the United Kingdom’, in Analecta Hibernica, no. 39 (2006), pp. 7, 12
[49] Calendar of Patent Rolls, Edward IV, 1461-1467, p. 431
[50] M.L. Holford (ed.), Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, volume XXVI, 21 to 25 Henry VI, 1442-1447 (Boydell Press & National Archives, 2009), no. 210
[51] Rev. Oswald J. Reichel, Lt-Col. F.B. Prideaux & H. Tapley Soper (eds.), Devon feet of fines, Vol. II, 1272-1369 (Devon & Cornwall Record Society, 1939), no. 812, note 2;  http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/bucks/vol4/pp254-259 accessed on 11 July 2016
[52] C.E.C. Cockeye, The Complete Peerage, Vol. X, p. 129
[53] C.E.C. Cockeye, The Complete Peerage, Vol. X, pp. 129, 130, 131
[54] Bridget Wells-Furby (ed.), A catalogue of the medieval muniments at Berkeley Castle, vol. II, p. 921, 922