Saturday, May 24, 2014

Chapel and prebends in Exeter Castle

Chapel and prebends in Exeter Castle

Niall C.E.J. O’Brien

Introduction

Exeter castle was built in about 1070 by Baldwin Fitz Gilbert, a distant kinsman of William the Conqueror. It was built on a volcanic mound within the north angle of the city walls. The great earthwork was strengthened by a towering keep-gatehouse at the southern corner. This was constructed using local red-coloured basalt which gave the castle its name of ‘Rougemont’. The castle was one of the earliest stone built castles in Britain. Such a massive structure was needed because Exeter was not captured by the Normans until two years after the famous Battle of Hastings in 1066.[1]

Baldwin Fitz Gilbert was succeeded by his son Richard who died without issue. The castle was then granted to Richard de Redvers who was created 1st Earl of Devon by Henry I.[2] in 1223 Robert de Courtenay, ancestor of the Courtenay family of Okehampton and the later Earls of Devon, was allowed to pay a fine to the king with expenditure on repairs to Exeter Castle.[3] In 1232 Henry III seized the castle along with many others and gave it to his younger brother, Richard, Earl of Cornwall. In 1337 when Edward, eldest son of King Edward III, was created Duke of Cornwall he was given Exeter Castel and the surrounding land.[4] The chapel within Exeter Castle remained with the descendants of Baldwin Fitz Gilbert.

This collegiate chapel of the Holy Trinity (later referred to as the chapel of St. Mary) was founded by Ralph Avenel and his aunt, Adela (daughter of Baldwin Fitz Gilbert), in the time of King Stephen. Many medieval castles had a chapel of which St. George’s Chapel at Windsor Castle is perhaps the most famous. The chaplain within the castle offered religious comfort to the lord of the castle and his family. The chaplain also provided comfort to the many domestic staff in the castle and the soldiers who formed the garrison.

In the 1274 inquisition post mortem for John de Courtenay of Okehampton it was said that 5 shillings were paid yearly from the manor of Alphington, Devon, to the chapel of Exeter Castle.[5] The chapel at Exeter Castel was said to be in ruins in 1321 but was subsequently repaired. The collegiate chapel was suppressed at the Reformation but the chapel remained in use after the Reformation and was used by the county assizes until it was demolished in 1782.

In this chapel were four prebendaries. These prebends were: Hayes, or Cliston Hayes, in the parish of Broad Clyst; Ash Clyst, in the same parish; Cutton in Poltimore, and Carswell, in the parish of Kenne. William Avenell, son of Ralph, gave the collegiate chapel, with its prebends, to the monks of Plympton. Later the grant was resumed, at least in part, for we find that the prebend of Ash Clyst was given by Robert Courtenay to Tor Abbey. Robert Courtenay was patron of Plympton, and possessor of Exeter Castle.[6] For a broader discussion on the prebend in the medieval church see my article about same at http://celtic2realms-medievalnews.blogspot.ie/2014/05/prebends-in-medieval-church.html

In this article we hope to record some information on the chapel and its prebends.

The gatehouse of Exeter Castle from gbtheatrecompany.com

The three and four prebends

In the early days of the Exeter castle chapel there were four prebendaries, named above. Around 1142-1145 William Avenel confirmed the gift of his father and grandaunt of the chapel of Exeter Castle along with its four prebends and the two churches of Alphington and Kenn to Plympton Priory.[7] The chapel and prebends were later recovered and continued under the patronage of the Courtenay family, heirs of Baldwin Fitz Gilbert. In 1262 there were still four prebends as Henry de Esse was described as parson of one-fourth part of the chapel of the then King’s Castle of Exeter. In that year, two brothers and two sisters, tenants of the chapel, unsuccessfully claimed 1½ ferlings of land in the suburbs of Exeter. The court found that land to be part of the prebend of Henry, which was Cutton, and for which Henry paid 5 marks to the four tenants.[8]

In the 1291 papal taxation of Pope Nicholas IV there were four prebends listed, namely; Hayes, Cutton, Ashclyst and Carswell.[9] Yet by 1292 there were just three prebends, namely; Hayes, Cutton and Kerswille (Carswell).[10] The appearance of a reduction in the number of prebends was not because the prebend of Ashclyst was terminated but that it was granted to Torre Abbey and they remained patrons of Ashclyst until the dissolution of the monasteries. The other three prebends continued to be held by the Courtenay family. 

In 1292 the advowson of the chapel of Exeter Castle and the three prebends were held by Hugh de Courtenay, Lord of Okehampton, Devon and son of John de Courtenay of Okehampton (died 1274) and Isabel, daughter of Hugh de Vere, Earl of Oxford. John de Courtenay’s mother was Mary, youngest daughter of William de Redvers, 5th Earl of Devon. Hugh de Courtenay was succeeded by his son, Hugh de Courtenay in 1292 and this Hugh succeeded to the estates of his cousin, Isabel, Countess of Aumale and Devon in November 1293 although he was not recognised as Earl of Devon until some forty years later.[11]
After the death of Hugh de Courtenay in 1292, his widow, Eleanor, daughter of Hugh le Despenser, held the advowson of the church of Ken and the chapel of Exeter Castle along with the three prebends of Hayes, Cutton and Carswell with a number of manors in different counties. In 1315 an agreement was made between Hugh de Courtenay and Stephen de Haccumbe that the manors and prebends held by Eleanor should pass to Stephen and then to Hugh and the children of Hugh in turn, namely; Hugh, Robert and Thomas.[12]

At his death in December 1340, Hugh de Courtenay held the advowson of the chapel of the Blessed Mary in Exeter Castle and the three prebends by grant of Stephen de Haccumbe.[13] In 1377 Hugh de Courtenay, 10th Earl of Devon, held the three prebends of Exeter Castle.[14] At the death of Edward Courtenay, Earl of Devon, in December 1419 the following inquisition post mortem found that Edward held the advowsons for the three prebends of Hayes, Cutton and Kenn in Exeter Castle. The inquisition also found that the annual value of the prebends was nothing. The three prebends were also worth nothing in an inquisition taken in August 1422 after the death of Hugh Courtenay, Earl of Devon.[15] The Earldom of Devon then entered into royal custody because the heir, Thomas Courtenay, was underage. A new inquisition conducted in December 1422 found the prebend of Hayes was worth £33 6 shillings 8 pence in annual value, the prebend of Cutton was worth £10, and the prebend of Kenn was worth 40 shillings.[16]  

Prebend of Heighes (Hayes)

The most valuable prebend (£33 6s 8d) according to the 1422 inquisition was that of Heighes, better known today as Hayes. In the papal taxation of 1291 Hayes was valued at £10.[17] The varied value of medieval churches has as much to do with who made the valuation as to the economic situation at the time. In the 1291 papal taxation clerics tried to keep values as low as possible to reduction taxation. The nil value given for Hayes in 1422 by the Courtenay examiners would be to reduce the inheritance tax bill while the high value done by the king’s men later in 1422 was to achieve maximum return of income while the king held the property during the minority of the Courtenay heir.

The prebend was located in the parish of Broad Clyst, just north-east of Exeter. The names Heighes or Hayes is found throughout Devon and means enclosure or farmstead. The Hayes of Broad Clyst is usually referred to as Moss-Hayes or the ‘farm of Moss’. Who was the person called Moss was is unknown but he once held the farm in far off days.[18] Moss Hayes presently lies west of the River Clyst and east of the M5, just south of Broad Clyst village. 

In February 1261 Master Thomas de Wimundesham exchanged the prebend of Ashclyst for that of Hayes. The prebend of Hayes was said to be vacant for some time. Both prebends were under the patronage of Sir John de Courtenay of Okehampton.[19]

In 1262, Master Thomas de Wimundesham was canon of the prebend of Hayes. In that year, Walter de Oyton, a tenant of Hayes prebend, claimed 1½ ferlings of land and 6 acres of meadow in West Clyst. In court Walter de Oyton acknowledged that the land belonged to the prebend and he agreed to hold it from Thomas and his successors for 6 pence in yearly rent. For this Thomas de Wimundesham created the land into a new croft so as to better secure the property against encroachment. This agreement was confirmed by Walter, Bishop of Exeter and John de Courtenay of Okehampton, patron of the prebend. In 1268 Master Thomas de Wimundesham was vicar of Payhembury under the patronage of Forde Abbey. He resigned the living before June 1272.[20]

Around 1274 Robert de Littlebure was prebendary of Hayes under the patronage of Hugh de Courtenay of Okehampton. Elsewhere it is said that Robert was instituted to Hayes in June 1278.[21] It is not clear which year is the correct year.

Sir John Skidmore was prebendary of Hayes in the 1330s and 1340s until his death in 1348. In 1339 the prebend was valued at 40 shillings for which it paid 12 pence in procurations to Exeter Cathedral.[22] On 13th November 1348 Thomas de Courtenay, clerk, was instituted at Chudleigh via his proctor, Simon Devenyshe. Thomas de Courtenay was the second son of the then patron, Sir Hugh de Courtenay, Earl of Devon.[23]

Thomas de Courtenay only kept Hayes for a year before he resigned the prebend in October 1349. At the same time he resigned a number of other prebends including one at the collegiate church of Crediton and another in Exeter Cathedral. The various prebends were merely a source of income as Thomas was a student at Oxford (1347-1349) and underage. He got a papal dispensation in February 1349 to hold any benefice notwithstanding that he was only eighteen years old. In 1381 Thomas’s younger brother, William de Courtenay was made Archbishop of Canterbury. Sir Robert de Pyle, priest, was instituted as next prebendary of Hayes at the bishop’s palace in Exeter in place of Thomas de Courtenay.[24]

It is not clear for how long Robert de Pyle held Hayes. On 18th September 1359 William de Courtenay, chaplain, was instituted as prebendary on the recommendation of Sir Hugh de Courtenay, Earl of Devon. William de Courtenay was the fourth son of Hugh de Courtenay, Earl of Devon and continued to hold Hayes until at least 1366. Yet the prebend was only a start for William’s clerical career.

By 1361 William de Courtenay was rector of Crewkerne, Somerset and a canon at York. After holding a few other canonry’s and prebends William de Courtenay became Bishop of Hereford in 1369. In 1370 William became Bishop of London and in 1381 Archbishop of Canterbury. As Archbishop of Canterbury William de Courtenay challenged Richard II in defence of John of Gaunt and defended the church in Parliament against more taxation. At Canterbury he contributed to the rebuilding of the nave and in 1396 was buried there amidst great ceremony.[25]

On 3rd September 1413 Master Thomas Hendeman was instituted as prebendary of Hayes. Master Thomas Hendeman was a fellow of Oxford University in 1383 and he got an MA from St. John’s College in 1393 and was a doctor of theology by 1395. MasterThomas Hendeman served as chancellor of the University from 1395 to 1397 and again from 1398 to 1400. After Oxford, Master Thomas Hendeman held the position of rector of a number of parishes in the Diocese of Exeter. He became Archdeacon of Exeter in 1410 and in 1417 became chancellor of Exeter.[26]

An old drawing of Exeter Castle 
the chapel of St. Mary was possibly one of the single story buildings

In January 1427-8 Master Thomas Hendeman exchanged the prebend of Hayes with Master Walter Collys, rector of Crewkerne in Somerset. Master Collys was instituted at Dogmersfield in the person of his proctor, Master Peter Stukeley, by John Stafford, Bishop of Bath and Wells. King Henry VI was patron of Hayes at this exchange.[27] Master Thomas Hendeman only held Crewkerne for a few months and died on 2nd January 1433.[28]

Master Walter Collys was of noble birth when in 1413 he was granted licence to study at Oxford. His first parish was as rector of Milton Damerel in Devon before he went on to hold numerous other benefices in a few dioceses. He became precentor at Exeter in April 1437. In 1441 Master Walter Collys was recognised by the government as a good administrator and became a king’s clerk. He held many royal commissions including a brief spell as constable of Bordeaux (1441-1442). He was on the peace treaty team in talks with the French in 1442. By May 1453 Master Walter Collys had died.[29]

Prebend of Cutton

The manor and prebend of Cutton was situated within the parish of Poltimore, Devonshire. The parish of Poltimore lies between Exeter and Broad Clist parish. Cutton means Cotta’s farm and is today located just north of Politmore village.[30]

The prebendary of Cutton was to assist the prebendary of Hayes in the chapel at Exeter Castle, and to say mass once a year in the chapel of St. John at Poltimore.[31] In the papal taxation of Pope Nicholas IV (1288-1291) Cutton was valued at £5 3 shillings 4 pence.[32]

In 1262 Henry de Esse was parson of Cutton. In 1274 Henry de Esse was still prebendary of Cutton which he held of Hugh de Courtenay of Okehampton in return for prayers for Hugh and the new King Edward I.[33] Henry de Esse continued to hold Cutton until at least 1291 in which year he is recorded as prebendary.
In 1322 John Moriz, prebendary of Cutton and rector of Parkham, died. Moriz was rector at Parkham from at least 1309.[34] It is not yet known when he acquired the prebendary of Cutton. In October 1329 Master Walter de Clopton held the prebendary of Cutton along with being rector of Parkham. In that month he was granted papal letters for a canonry and prebendary in Exeter Cathedral.[35]

Sir Walter de Clopton died in 1346 and Master Thomas de Bodruyan succeeded William as rector of Parkham. In November 1346 Thomas de Courtenay, second son of the patron, Hugh de Courtenay, Earl of Devon, was instituted to Cutton in the person of his proctor, Simon Devenyshe.[36] Thomas de Courtenay was only about fifteen years old at the time.

In December 1348, Master Robert de Paston succeeded Thomas de Courtenay as the prebendary of Cutton. Paston did not stay long to collect much income or take part in ceremonies at Exeter Castle as he was replaced in May 1349 by Master Otho de Northwood.[37]

In November 1360 Philip de Courtenay, clerk, was instituted as prebendary of Cutton.[38] It is not clear who this Philip de Courtenay was. The fifth son of Hugh de Courtenay, Earl of Devon was called Philip de Courtenay, later lord of Powderham and ancestor of the present Earls of Devon but he was born about 1355 and so would possibly not be described as a clerk in 1360.[39]

The next prebendary of Cutton was Sir Robert Vaggescombe, a priest of the Diocese of Exeter. In October 1366 Vaggescombe was admitted to Cutton while also rector of Parkham. The prebend of Cutton was worth 8 marks at that time.[40] In 1373 Vaggescombe was succeeded at Cutton by William de Bermingham in the following manner.

By November 1362 Master William de Bermingham had succeeded Adam de Hilton in a prebendary in Exeter Cathedral. On 5th January 1373 Master William de Bermingham exchanged this prebend with Robert Vaggescombe for the prebend of Cutton in the chapel of Exeter Castle.[41] Robert Vaggescombe kept the Exeter Cathedral prebendary until his death in June 1382. In his will of 23rd June 1381 Robert asked to be buried in Exeter Cathedral or ‘wherever God disposes’.[42]

A commission in 1421 into the patronage of Cutton found that the prebendary had a pension of 6 shillings 8 pence and its taxation value was 113 shillings 4 pence. The prebendary of Cutton along with the prebendary of Hayes performed the religious ceremonies in the chapel of Exeter Castle.[43] 

Sometime before June 1421, Sir Richard Dunscombe, the prebendary of Cutton in the prebendal church of St. Mary, died. Sir Hugh Courtenay, Earl of Devon, nominated Sir Richard Aldryngtone, a canon of Exeter, for the vacancy. Sir Richard was instituted on 14th June in the person of his proctor, Sir John Matheu, rector of Alphington.[44]

Around June 1421, Master Thomas Hendeman, Archdeacon of Exeter (and prebendary of Hayes in Exeter Castle), commissioned an examination into the patronage of the Cutton prebendary. The commission found that Hugh Courtenay, Earl of Devon, presented Master Richard Aldryngtone, canon of Exeter Cathedral, to the prebend so as to fill a vacancy. Earlier Edward Courtenay, Earl of Devon, nominated Master Richard Dunscombe to be prebendary of Cutton to fill a vacancy cause by the death of the previous prebendary.[45]
Sometime between 1421 and 1438 Sir Robert Felton was appointed prebendary of Cutton. The institution of Felton does not seem to have been recorded. In 1438 Felton died and Sir Thomas de Courtenay, Earl of Devon appointed Sir Richard Beauchamp, chaplain, to the vacant position. Beauchamp was instituted on 25th August 1438 in the person of his proctor, Richard Billion, clerk.[46]

In 1441 Master Richard Beauchamp resigned the prebendary. Sir Thomas de Courtenay, Earl of Devon, replaced him with Master Thomas Bekynton, Doctor of Laws. Bekynton was instituted at Chudleigh in the person of his proctor Thomas Wellywrough.[47] Thomas Bekynton was born in the village of Beckington, three miles from Frome in Somerset, the son of a weaver. He first attended Winchester College before completing his education at Oxford University. Thomas Bekynton began his career as Dean of the Arches and an official at the court in Canterbury. From 1423 he held a number of rector positions and became archdeacon of Buckingham in 1424. In the1430s Master Thomas Bekynton was negotiating peace with the French and by 1438 was the king’s secretary. In 1443 Master Thomas Bekynton was raised to Keeper of the Privy Seal. Shortly after Master Thomas Bekynton was made Bishop of Bath and Wells and held his first mass in the new church of Eton which was so new it still had no roof. This church would form the core of the famous Eton College, then under construction. Bishop Bekynton died in January 1465.[48]

The career of Master Thomas Bekynton from weaver’s son to bishop of once of the wealthiest dioceses in the country shows how the medieval church offered great career prospects that the secular life could not offer the poorer classes. After the resignation of Cutton by Master Thomas Bekynton, Master John de la Bere was appointed by Sir Thomas de Courtenay, Earl of Devon. John de la Bere was instituted at Chudleigh on 31st October 1443 in the person of Sir Simon Chuddeleigh, chaplain, his proctor.[49]

With all these important clerics and minor members of the Courtenay family holding the various prebends belonging to the chapel of Exeter Castle one wonders if the garrison of the castle saw more mass times than religious ceremonies. In other types of prebends, like those attached to a cathedral church, the prebendaries were supposed to hire a vicar to administer to the spiritual needs of the parishioner, in this case the castle garrison. So far I have uncovered no letter to say the garrison were wanting in matters spiritual and so some religious provision must have been provided by the prebendaries who were the ministers of the collegiate chapel.  

In 1448 Master John de la Bere resigned the prebendary of Cutton and Sir Geoffrey Motte, chaplain was appointed by Sir Thomas de Courtenay, Earl of Devon. Like in many other such appointments Sir Geoffrey Motte was instituted to the prebend in the person of his proctor, Master Thomas Bank who also took the oath of canonical obedience.[50]

In 1450 Sir Geoffrey Motte resigned Cutton prebend and Master Walter Copeland was appointed and instituted on 25th April 1450.[51]

After a gap in the records we next encounter Cutton in the Tudor period. In July 1510 King Henry VIII gave the next presentation of Cutton to Richard, Bishop of Winchester. In 1512 King Henry VIII granted the prebendary, chantries and chapels of Hayes, Kenn and Cutton in the chapel of St. Mary in Exeter Castle to Katherine, widow of William Courtenay, Earl of Devon.[52]

In 1547 the prebend of Cutton was valued at £9 4 shillings 4 pence.[53] On 27th October 1565 Oliver Loveley was instituted as prebendary of Cutton. He possibly held the prebendary until his death in December 1566 but there is no certain information to confirm this.[54]

On 10th March 1607 an Act of Parliament was passed making the manor and prebend of Cutton into a maintenance benefice for a preaching minster who would teach in a free grammar school.[55] It is now a sinecure, in the gift of Sir Thomas Dyke Acland, Bart

Prebend of Carswell (Ken)

The prebend of Carswell was valued at 50 shillings in the 1291 papal taxation of Pope Nicholas IV.[56] In 1422 the prebendary was worth 40 shillings.[57]

In around 1291 the prebend of Carswell was held by Philip de Dughton, otherwise known as Philip de Dutton.[58] Lady Eleanor de Courtenay was patron of Carswell after the death of her husband, Hugh de Courtenay in 1292.[59]

There are few notices recording the people who held Carswell but it is recorded that Sir John Aleyne held the prebendary before November 1370 when John Southdone was instituted as his replacement. It is not clear if this was the same John Southdone, rector of Farway in 1346.[60]

Prebend of Ashclyst

The prebend of Ashclyst was located in the parish of Broad Clyst, north-east of Exeter. Ashclyst remained the fourth prebend of the Exeter castle chapel until 1291-2. The former prebend of Ashclyst is identified today with Ashclyst Forest, just north of Broad Clyst village.

In February 1261 Master Thomas de Wimundesham resigned the prebend of Ashclyst for that of Hayes. He was replaced by William de Stanfere. Sir John de Courtenay of Okehampton was patron of Ashclyst in 1261.[61]

Sometime before February 1285 Sir William de Wyreplesdone was prebendary of Ashclyst as well as being a canon in Exeter Cathedral.[62]

In the papal taxation of Pope Nicholas IV (1291) the prebend was worth £2 13 shillings 4 pence and was held by the abbot and convent of Torre.[63] Torre Abbey was well known for its hospitality and became heavily burdened. Bishop Peter Qivil of Exeter (1280-1291) noted that the prebend of Ashclyst, which was under the patronage of Torre, was vacant and to help the finances of the abbey, Bishop Qivil gave Ashclyst (February 1285) for their own use with all rights and appurtenances.[64]

No further information on the later history of Ashclyst is known to this writer and so we await some future discoveries to advance the story.

The road from Ashclyst Forest towards Broad Clyst village

Conclusion

Thus we come to the conclusion of this exploration of the chapel and prebends of Exeter Castle. In future articles we may explore the chapels in other castles.

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End of post

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[1] Hugh Meller, Exeter Architecture (Phillimore, Chichester, 1989), pp. 1, 77
[3] Paul Dryburgh & Beth Hartland (eds.), Calendar of the fine rolls of the reign of Henry III (National Archives, London, 2007), no. 8/185
[5] J.E.E.S. Sharp (ed.), Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem preserved in the Public Record Office, Vol. 2, Edward 1 (Kraus reprint, 1973), No. 71 (p. 51)
[7] Robert Bearman (ed.), Charters of the Redvers family and the Earldom of Devon 1090-1217 (Devon & Cornwall Record Society, New Series, Vol. 37, 1994), p. 182
[8] Rev. Oswald J. Reichel (ed.), Devon feet of fines, vol. 1, Richard I-Henry III, 1196-1272 (Devon & Cornwall Record Society, 1912), no. 636
[9] Rev. F.C. Hingeston-Randolph (ed.), The Registers of Walter Bronescombe (A.D. 1257-1280), & Peter Quivil (A.D. 1280-1291) , Bishops of Exeter with some records of Bishop Thomas de Bytton (A.D. 1292-1307), & the taxation of Pope Nicholas IV A.D. 1291 (George Bell, London, 1889), p. 452
[10] J.E.E.S. Sharp (ed.), Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem preserved in the Public Record Office, Vol. 3, Edward 1 (Kraus reprint, 1973), No. 31 (p. 29)
[11] G.E. Cokayne (ed.), The Complete Peerage (Alan Sutton, Gloucester, 1987), Vol. IV, pp. 323
[12] Rev. Oswald J. Reichel, F.B. Prideaux & H. Tapley-Soper (eds.), Devon feet of fines, vol. 2, 1 Edward I-43 Edward III, 1272-1369 (Devon & Cornwall Record Society, 1939), no. 1169
[13] J.E.E.S. Sharp (ed.), Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem preserved in the Public Record Office, Vol. 8, Edward 1 (Kraus reprint, 1973), No. 273 (p. 198)
[14] E.A. Stamp (ed.), Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem preserved in the Public Record Office, Vol. 14 Edward III (Kraus reprint, 1973), No. 325 (p. 320)
[15] J.L. Kirby & Janet H. Stevenson (eds.), Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem preserved in the Public Record Office, Vol. 21, 6 to 10 Henry V  (Public Record Office, London, 2002), Nos. 350, 941
[16] Kate Parkin (ed.), Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem preserved in the Public Record Office, Vol. 22, 1 to 5 Henry VI  (National Archives, London, 2003), No. 207
[17] Rev. F.C. Hingeston-Randolph (ed.), The Registers of Walter Bronescombe, & Peter Quivil, p. 452
[18] J.E.B. Gover, A. Mawer & F.M. Stenton, The place-names of Devon (2 vols. Cambridge University Press, 1932), pp. 129, 574
[19] Rev. F.C. Hingeston-Randolph (ed.), The Registers of Walter Bronescombe, & Peter Quivil, p. 139
[20] Rev. Oswald J. Reichel (ed.), Devon feet of fines, vol. 1, Richard I-Henry III, 1196-1272, no. 635; Rev. F.C. Hingeston-Randolph (ed.), The Registers of Walter Bronescombe, & Peter Quivil, p. 161
[21] Rev. F.C. Hingeston-Randolph (ed.), The Registers of Walter Bronescombe, & Peter Quivil, p. 139; Rev. Oswald J. Reichel (ed.), Devon feet of fines, vol. 1, Richard I-Henry III, 1196-1272, no. 671
[22] Rev. F.C. Hingeston-Randolph (ed.), The Registers of John de Grandisson, Bishop of Exeter (A.D. 1327-1369), part II, 1331-1360 (3 vols. George Bell, London, 1897), p. 907
[23] Rev. F.C. Hingeston-Randolph (ed.), The Registers of John de Grandisson, Bishop of Exeter (A.D. 1327-1369), part III, 1360-1369 together with the register of institutions (3 vols. George Bell, London, 1899), p. 1369
[24] Rev. F.C. Hingeston-Randolph (ed.), The Registers of John de Grandisson, Bishop of Exeter, part 3, p. 1399; A.B. Emden, A biographical register of the University of Oxford to A.D. 1500 (3 vols. Oxford University Press, 1989), Vol. 1, p. 502
[25] Rev. F.C. Hingeston-Randolph (ed.), The Registers of John de Grandisson, Bishop of Exeter, part 3, p. 1452; A.B. Emden, A biographical register of the University of Oxford to A.D. 1500 (3 vols. Oxford University Press, 1989), Vol. 1, pp. 502-3
[26] A.B. Emden, A biographical register of the University of Oxford to A.D. 1500, Vol. 2, pp. 907-8
[27] Rev. F.C. Hingeston-Randolph (ed.), The Register of Edmund Lacy, Bishop of Exeter (A.D. 1420-1455), Part 1: the register of institutions (George Bell, London, 1909), p. 108
[28] A.B. Emden, A biographical register of the University of Oxford to A.D. 1500, Vol. 2, p. 908
[29] A.B. Emden, A biographical register of the University of Oxford to A.D. 1500, Vol. 1, pp. 465-6
[30] J.E.B. Gover, A. Mawer & F.M. Stenton, The place-names of Devon, p. 444
[32] Rev. F.C. Hingeston-Randolph (ed.), The Registers of Walter Bronescombe, & Peter Quivil, p. 452
[33] Rev. Oswald J. Reichel (ed.), Devon feet of fines, vol. 1, Richard I-Henry III, 1196-1272, no. 636, note 4
[34] Rev. F.C. Hingeston-Randolph (ed.), The Registers of Walter Bronescombe, & Peter Quivil, pp. 417, 421
[35] W.H. Bliss (ed.), Calendar of the Papal Registers relating to Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. 2, 1305-1342 (1895), p. 299
[36] Rev. F.C. Hingeston-Randolph (ed.), The Registers of John de Grandisson, Bishop of Exeter, part 3, pp. 1355,6
[37] Rev. F.C. Hingeston-Randolph (ed.), The Registers of John de Grandisson, Bishop of Exeter, part 3, pp. 1370, 1386
[38] Rev. F.C. Hingeston-Randolph (ed.), The Registers of John de Grandisson, Bishop of Exeter, part 3, p. 1458
[40] Rev. F.C. Hingeston-Randolph (ed.), The Registers of John de Grandisson, Bishop of Exeter, part 3, pp. 1250, 1501
[41] Joyce M. Horn (ed.), Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1300-1541, Vol. 9: Exeter diocese (1964), pp. 36, 39
[42] David Lepine & Nicholas Orme (eds.), Death and memory in medieval Exeter (Devon & Cornwall Record Society, New Series, Vol. 47, 2003), p. 113
[43] Rev. F.C. Hingeston-Randolph (ed.), The Register of Edmund Lacy, Bishop of Exeter (A.D. 1420-1455), Part 1: the register of institutions (George Bell, London, 1909), p. 14
[44] Rev. F.C. Hingeston-Randolph (ed.), The Register of Edmund Lacy, Bishop of Exeter, Part 1, p. 9
[45] Rev. F.C. Hingeston-Randolph (ed.), The Register of Edmund Lacy, Bishop of Exeter, Part 1, pp. 14, 15
[46] Rev. F.C. Hingeston-Randolph (ed.), The Register of Edmund Lacy, Bishop of Exeter, Part 1, p. 237
[47] Rev. F.C. Hingeston-Randolph (ed.), The Register of Edmund Lacy, Bishop of Exeter, Part 1, p. 266
[48] Sir H.C. Maxwell-Lyte & M.C.B. Dawes (eds.), The register of Thomas Bekynton, Bishop of Bath and Wells, 1443-1465 (Somerset Record Society, vol. 49, 1934), pp. vii-x, xii, xvi 
[49] Rev. F.C. Hingeston-Randolph (ed.), The Register of Edmund Lacy, Bishop of Exeter, Part 1, p. 281
[50] Rev. F.C. Hingeston-Randolph (ed.), The Register of Edmund Lacy, Bishop of Exeter, Part 1, p. 332
[51] Rev. F.C. Hingeston-Randolph (ed.), The Register of Edmund Lacy, Bishop of Exeter, Part 1, p. 353
[52] J.S. Brewer (ed.), Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Vol. 1, 1509-1514 (1920), pp. 316, 521
[53] Chantry roll in the Augmentation Office
[54] Nicholas Orme, The minor clergy of Exeter Cathedral Biographies: 1250-1548 (Devon & Cornwall Record Society, New Series, Vol. 54, 2013), pp. 181, 182
[56] Rev. F.C. Hingeston-Randolph (ed.), The Registers of Walter Bronescombe, & Peter Quivil, p. 452
[57] Kate Parkin (ed.), Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, Vol. 22, 1 to 5 Henry VI, No. 207
[58] Rev. F.C. Hingeston-Randolph (ed.), The Registers of Walter Bronescombe, & Peter Quivil, p. 452
[59] Rev. Oswald J. Reichel, F.B. Prideaux & H. Tapley-Soper (eds.), Devon feet of fines, vol. 2, no. 1169
[60] Rev. F.C. Hingeston-Randolph (ed.), The Registers of John de Grandisson, Bishop of Exeter, part 3, pp. 1356, 1618, note 1
[61] Rev. F.C. Hingeston-Randolph (ed.), The Registers of Walter Bronescombe, & Peter Quivil, p. 139
[62] Rev. F.C. Hingeston-Randolph (ed.), The Registers of Walter Bronescombe, & Peter Quivil, p. 478
[63] Rev. F.C. Hingeston-Randolph (ed.), The Registers of Walter Bronescombe, & Peter Quivil, p. 452
[64] Lawrence S. Snell, The suppression of the religious foundations of Devon and Cornwall (author, 1967), p. 41, note 4

3 comments:

  1. I query your spellings of BroadClist & that Ashclist for both of them the 'i' needs to be a y ?

    ReplyDelete
  2. To elucidate further: the word 'cyst' comes from the Celtic word cyst meaning 'clear stream'.
    It is important that the grammatical connection is maintained & not neglected.

    ReplyDelete
  3. Thank you A Heron's View for the observations. Much appreciated. I made the changes and hopefully got all the names.

    ReplyDelete