Subject Index of the Calendar of Ormond Deeds

Subject Index of the Calendar of Ormond Deeds

Niall C.E.J. O’Brien

This subject index of the six volumes of the Calendar of Ormond Deeds as edited by Edmund Curtis and published by the Irish Manuscripts Commission between 1932 and 1943 is not exclusive but is an index of subjects observed while studying the volumes over the years. Additional subjects can be added to this index. All six volumes were published with and index of people and places but the study of medieval history sometimes demands the investigation of subjects like castles, mills, churches, gardens, orchards, etc., and this index will hopefully help medieval historians to dig deeper and gain a better understanding of medieval life.

All numbers in this index refer to document numbers with some references to page numbers. The index to the first volume of the Ormond Deeds had numbers that referred to document numbers while in the other five volumes the indexes referred to page numbers.

Kilkenny Castle 

Curtis, Edmund (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, 1172-1350 A.D. (Dublin, 1932)

Advowson, 798, 853, 857, 863

Animals, 416, 454, 576, 635, 656, 764, 765, 856

Animal values, 459

Archer service, 77

Black House, 74

Boat 863

Buildings, 237, 328, 419, 605

Burgery rent, 775

Butcher’s stall, 830

Castle, 29, 30, 31, 34, 36, 37, 39, 179, 316, 338, 398, 466, 468, 471, 677, 857, 863

Chapel, 863

Church, 341

Commodity prices, 239, 453

Crops, 639, 735 (vii), 856

Debt, 449, 451, 615, 639

Dovecot, 548, 602

Dower, 816

Dowry, 715, 816

Farm cart, 712

Fishing, 863

Gardens, 455, 597, 598, 599, 654, 661, 664, 686, 743, 759, 787, 833, 847

Gift for loyal service, 416

Grove, 620, 621, 640, 723, 770, 818

House, 391, 402, 568, 593, 614

House built, 204, 300, 351, 376, 377, 405, 516, 619, 672, 673, 849, 850

Lamb (tithe), 656

Markets, 677, 863

Messuage built on, 516

Military retainer, 420

Milk (tithe), 656

Mill, 30, 91, 154, 159, 176, 177, 178, 185, 194, 206, 221, 228, 246, 285, 297, 301, 305, 330, 337, 396, 411, 419, 477, 489, 504, 505, 507, 510, 528, 530, 539, 547, 552, 555, 561, 595, 638, 655, 667, 694, 744, 778, 780, 818, 863

Quarry, 70, 504, 805, 827
Quay, 715

Rabbit-warren, 863

Sand-pit, 504

Sea-sand, 232

Sheep-fold, 382

Shop, 279, 830

Slate, 805

Stone house, 52, 86, 206, 637, 648, 649, 650, 665, 679, 697

Tenement (empty), 637, 648

Tithes (pasture excluded), 656

Turf, 856

Waterford (county) deeds, 7, 189, 242, 307, 327, 558, 592, 605, 625, 657, 669, 670, 736, 749

Weir, 615, 710, 778

Well, 516

Wood, 479, 485, 489, 522, 525, 527, 528, 595, 675, 681, 710, 721, 769, 815, 818, 856

Wool (tithe), 656

Wreck, 863

======================

Curtis, Edmund (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, Volume II, 1350-1413 A.D. (Dublin, 1934)

Abbey foundation, 165

Advowson, p. 62, nos. 85, 99, 134, 143, 145, 151, 257, 258, 265, 283, 287, 303, 309, 324, 341, 384, 385, 406, p. 331, no. 435

Animals, 38, pp. 46, 47, 49, 50, 51, nos. 106, 317, 353, 361, 362, 378, 380, 383, 405, pp. 332, 351, 347

Archers, 237, 238, 240

Assizes of ale, p. 311

Bake house, 316

Bees, p. 351

Boat, p. 259

Bridges, 104

Castle, 43, p. 47, nos. 65, 75, p. 75, nos. 113, 121, 123, 126, 135, 201, 214, 221, 235, 245, 287, p. 216, nos. 343, 386, 389, 413, 415, 423, 426, pp. 323, 326, 328, 329, 332, 342

Castle chapel, 377

Castle constable, 43, 53, 126, 127, 133, 176, 201

Cemetery, 336

Church, 97, 162, 258, p. 264, no. 426

Copper mines, 200

Crops, 317, 380, pp. 333, 343, 345

Debts, p. 75, no. 237, pp. 197, 198, no. 369

Digging sods, 9

Documents burnt, p. 380

Dovecot, 180, 201, p. 216, no. 330, pp. 342, 343

Dower, 150, 268, 365

Farm carts, 77, 106

Ferry, pp. 300, 301, 309

Fishing, 9

Gardens, 12, 57, 80, 103, 122, 123, 130, 169, 201, 213, 241, 264, 321, 401

Goods coinage, 323

Grove, 2, 9, 338

House, 2, 42, 114, 118, 123, 377, 380, pp. 340, 344

House building, 91, 118, 366, 374

Household expenses, 220, 212, 388

Iron, 405

Kilkenny sovereign, 428

Lead mines, 200

Markets, 106, 123, 217, p. 326

Marriage portion, 211

Mill, pp. 35, 43, 45, nos. 72, 83, 84, 105, 107, 110, 269, 287, 297, pp. 216, 218, nos. 306, 311, p. 227, nos. 326, 343, 346, 348, 368, 375, 387, 388, 415 (3), 420 (2), 422, pp. 342, 343

Mines, 200

Orchard, 207, 239, 380

Ploughing, 148, 317

Ponds, p. 60, nos. 198, 269, 288, 306, 326, 368

Salt, 405

Ship, 32, p. 338

Soldiers, 237, 238, 396

Soldier levies, 33, 37, 39, 46, 205, 219, 234, 296, 403

Stone house, 289, 359

Stone wall, p. 332

Turf, 77

Waterford (county) deeds, 59, 68, 87, 162, 170, 279, 280, 303, 306, 307, 309, 325, 326, 331, 348, 349, 350, 387, pp. 310, 330

Weir, 9, p. 60, nos. 201, 249, 281, 297, 387

Wood, 3, 21, 25 

=======================

Curtis, Edmund (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, Volume III, 1413-1509 A.D. (Dublin, 1935)

Advowson, 39, 76, 79, 88, 134, 172, 197, 287, 341, 346, pp. 382, 385

Ale, 95, 331

Animals, 11, pp. 53, 63, nos. 180, 195, 224, 280, 289, 325

Archers, 38, 140

Bees, 95, 138, 147

Castle, 8, pp. 33, 49, 59, nos. 103, 110, 115, 116, 120, 125, 139, 157, 178, 229, 234, 238, 255, 267, 296, 300, p. 368, no. 356

Castle chapel, 157

Castle hall, 356

Castle constable, 8, p. 51, nos. 115, 157, 159, 160, 292

Chapel built, 309

Chapter house, p. 387

Chiviler, 56

Cemetery, p. 365

Common hall, 223, 228, 268, 309

Crops, 11, 135, 305

Debt, 234, 342

Dovecot, p. 48, nos. 128, 138, 156

Dower, 5, 132, 197

Empty plot, 28, 305, 335

Ferry, pp. 54, 58, nos. 95, 119, 120, 147 (2)

Fishing, 240

Fish pond, 264, 265, 305

Gardens, p. 4, nos. 31, 80, 107, 113, 124, 147, 159, 173, 189, 193, 194, 201, 227, 238, 260, 270, 276, 278, 291, 340, 345

House, 25, 216, 234, 282, 305

Household expenses, 161

Houses built, 63, p. 55, nos. 115, 335

Markets, p. 5, no. 10

Marriage confirmation, 144

Meadow warden, 46

Mills, 2, 48, 65, 66, pp. 58 (2), 59, nos. 95, 101, 119, 122, 123, 127, 141, 147, 157, 158, 160 (4), 163, 172, 178, 234, 235, 238, 261, 265, 314, 339, p. 347

Mill pond, 48, 65, 201, 261

Mortgage, 250, 255, 275, 302, 329

Orchard, 22, 187, 208

Parliament, 211, 213, 214, 231, 242, 247, 248, 249, 252, 261, 286, 288, 295, 298, 316, 342, pp. 352, 366

Pilgrimage, 98

Ploughing, p. 375

Pool, 58

Quarry, 339

Rabbit-warren, 21, 22, 28, 209

Ships, 159, 301, 316, 323, pp. 343, 344, 378

Shops, p. 384

Soldier levies, 154

Stone house, 21

Stone mills, 17, 42, pp. 48, 59, nos. 95, 112, 119

Stone tower, p. 375

Town oven, 95, 113, 119, 160

Town rebuilt, 9, p. 54, nos. 157, 234

Town wall (repairs), p. 381

Trades people, 331

Weir, 65, p. 55, nos. 119, 197

=======================

Curtis, Edmund (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, Volume IV, 1509-1547 A.D. (Dublin, 1937)

Abbot’s room, p. 27

Advowson, 42, 100, 218, 315, 321, 342, 344, 349, 361, pp. 328, 379

Animals, 8, pp. 18, 19, 44, nos. 99, 110, 131, 156, 180, 189, p. 356

Archers, p. 336

Birds, 277

Building repairs, 11, 102, p. 358

Castle, pp. 16, 45, nos. 64, 66, 90, 99, 111, p. 125, nos. 139, 189, 192, 204, 214, 218, 237, 244, 246, 248, 254, 268, 271, 287, 294, 300, 304, 311, 317, 329, 352, 357, 361, pp. 323, 328, 344, 379

Castle constable, pp. 29, 31, nos. 139, 257, 302, 327, 330, 357

Chimney, 223

Church upkeep, 113

Church repairs, p. 347

Common hall, 18

Crops, 354

Dovecot, 276, 361 (3), pp. 328, 379

Dower, 110, 122

Farmer (good), 298

Fishing, 43, 65, 67, 94, 176, 299, 303, 309, 340, p. 358

Gardens, 63, 74, 155, 160, 168, 206, 222, 228, 252, 305, 326, p. 353

Gunner, 305, p. 336

Hall (new), p. 176, no. 329

Harvesting labour, 245

House, p. 27, nos. 193, 208, 223, 232, 275, 276, 289, 292, 303, 306, 309, 340, 343, 350, 361

House repairs, 153, 326, 343, 355, pp. 353, 369, 370

Marriage, 19, p. 80, nos. 117, 177

Mills, 37, 43, 94, 98, 127 (2), 130, 140, 157, 184, 219, 225, 276, 278, 296, 299, 305, 342, 361 (3), pp. 344, 356, 357, 360, 362, 379

Mortgage, 57, 119, 135, 150, 266, 358

Orchard, 172, 222, 309

Parliament, 204, 220, 258, 285, 361, pp. 313, 315, 326, 327, 333, 335, 336, 338, 371, 377, 378

Pools, 43, 278

Prize wines, pp. 330, 335, 343, 367

Rabbit-warren, 320

Ships, pp. 16, 17, no. 118, pp. 358, 369

Smithy, 48

Soldier levies, p. 44, nos. 109, 118, 235, 261, 307, 318, 322, 334, 348, p. 316

Start of the world, 288

Stone houses, 146, 163, 203

Tithes, 319

Toll house, 48

Town oven, p. 319

Trades people, 47, p. 174, nos. 232, 240

War weapons, pp. 16, 17, 318

Weir, 140, 141, 309, 340

Wool, 41, 118

=======================

Curtis, Edmund (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, Volume V, 1547-1584 A.D. (Dublin, 1941)

Advowson, 36, 140, 141, 166, 177

Animals, 1, p. 19, nos. 10, 39, 140, 150, 154, p. 179, nos. 185, 193

Bake house, 82, 102, 103, 116

Boatmen, p. 72, no. 192

Building materials, 21, 59, 192

Buildings, 181

Castle, p. 22, no. 10, pp. 29, 30, 31, nos. 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 24, 35, 46, 49, 50, 54, 59, 62, 63, 92, 95, 103, 106, 137, 138, 139, 142, 153, 156, 158, 165, 167, 169, 170, 171, 172, 175, 177, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 189, 190, 192, 194

Castle building, p. 22, no. 11

Castle constable, p. 29, nos. 18, 76, 77, 192

Chimney build, 81

Churches, 36, 82, 88, 91, 107, 114, 130, 131, 149, 161, 163, 164, 166, p. 217

Cleric relations, 42

Common hall, 66, 84

Crops, 29, 39, 77, 91, 185

Deer, 193

Double ditch, 102, 103

Dovecot, 131

Dower, 29

Fishing, 59, 96, 192, 197

Gardens, 10, 18, 30, 38, 43, 55, 90, 116, 130, 131, 132, 155

Gunner, 72

Horse, master of the, 127

Houses, pp. 8, 12, 25, nos. 18, 39, 51, 72, 81, 86, 116, 118, 129, 133, 137, 140, 147, 150, 163, 165

Linen sheets, pp. 8, 9, 12, no. 39

Market, 192

Marriage, 94

Meadows cut, 136

Messuage (ruined), 132

Mill, p. 72, nos. 48, 54, 59, 70, 96, 116, 131, 152, 165, 197

Miller, pp. 7, 12, 72

Mortgage, p. 23, nos. 18, 64, 147

Orchard, 11, 30, 130, 132, 165

Parliament, p. 8, nos. 39, 50, 111

Ploughland measure, p. 165

Prize wines, 68, 75, 85

School, 181, p. 202

Sheep house, 102, 103

Slate house, 132

Stone house, 52, 57, 65, 72, 78, 156, p. 179, no. 192

Tithes, 19, 36, 128, 149, 162

Town oven, p. 48

Weir, 59

Wool, pp. 3, 5, 9, 10

Woollen cloth, p. 13

=======================

Curtis, Edmund (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, Volume VI, 1584-1603 A.D. (Dublin, 1943)

Advowson, 111

Animals, 15, 26, 29, 33, 58, 75, 77, 107, 118, p. 124

Bake house, 145

Castle, pp. 3, 5, nos. 4, 7, 8, 12, 17, 25, 30, 36, 37, 39, p. 30, nos. 51, 53, 58, 65, 66, 67, 73, 86, 88, 90, 98, 100, 107, 112, 115, 116 (2), 118, 124, 140, 141, pp. 120, 181, 182, 192, 194

Castle constable, pp. 126, 132, 133, 143, 144

Chapel, p. 93

Church, 131

Crops, 11, 12, 81, 82, pp. 129, 136, 183

Dovecot, 88

Fishing, p. 9, no. 124

Gardens, pp. 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, no. 32, p. 30, nos. 46, 48, 84, 105, 113, 131, pp. 182, 189

Gate and ditches, 27, 31, 32

Hall, p. 93

Horses and horse-boys, 76, 77, 80, 95, 96, 100, 107

House, p. 3, nos. 49, 51, 75, 77, 89, 93, p. 75, no. 114, pp. 89, 90, nos. 124, 131, 145, pp. 134, 181, 182, 196, 100

House building, 27, 31

House repairs, 27

Market, 121

Mills, 88, 89, 104, pp. 89, 90, nos. 118, 131, pp. 127, 168, 187, 189, 192, 194

Mortgage, 51

Orchard, 36, 93

Parliament, 72

Prize wines, 50

Shop, 121

Soldiers, 61, 116, 127, 133

Standing stones marking boundaries, pp. 137, 142

Thatched roof, p. 93

Tiled roof, p. 93

Tithes, 9, 11, 89, 117

Treason, 72, 73, 89, 126, 129, 131, 136

Trinity College Dublin (Kerry property), 128

Vicar choral, 123

War weapons, p. 34

Weir, 145

Work service, 76, 77, 82, 107

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Clonmel messuages in dispute

Clonmel messuages in dispute

Niall C.E.J. O’Brien

In about 1373 Elia, the widow of William Stokes, claimed a third part of eight messuages and one acre of land and a meadow outside the west all of Clonmel against John Foliot and Emmelina his wife. Elia Stokes asserted that the properties concerned came to her from the free tenement of William Stokes, her former husband. In pursuit of such claim Elia Stokes took John and Emmelina Foliot to court in the liberty court of the Earl of Ormond.[1]

The one page document relating to the court case has no inscribed date. Instead the date is suggested by circumstance. The court case is part of a number of manuscripts sewn together. The dating evidence in these other manuscripts places the date range of the collection as falling between 47^th year of Edward III and 18^th year of Henry VI.[2] 

Pre court offer

Before the court case began, John Foliot offered to give Elia Stokes one messuage and the one acre of land outside the west wall of Clonmel as the sheriff had previously commanded him to do. This would suggest that there was a previous court case or some legal action, the record of which has not survived. The offer was rejected by Elia Stokes.[3] A messuage was the usual medieval word to mean a house and garden.

The Westgate of medieval Clonmel 

some where on this side was the one acre of land

Two messuages formerly of John Palmer

After the court case began, John Foliot gave evidence on how he saw the ownership and possession of the various properties. The vast majority of the evidence was by his word. If others gave evidence, their testimony was not recorded. John Foliot said that two messuages claimed by Elia Stokes were not in the possession of William Stokes in fee on the day he married Elia. Nor did William Stokes later acquire possession of the same. John Foliot asked that a jury make inquisition into the two messuages.

A jury was summoned at the end of the evidence given by John Foliot to examine the case. The verdict of the jury appears at the end of the manuscript after all the evidence given by John Foliot on the various properties was recorded. The description of the various messuages differs between that given by John Foliot and that returned by the jury. The impression given is that there were nine messuages in disputes rather than the eight claimed by Elia Stokes. To help avoid error on my part, I have given the jury verdict on each particular property claimed by Elia Stokes.

The jury found that William Stokes was not seized of these two messuages which formerly belonged to John Palmer at the time that William married Elia Stokes. It is not recorded how William Stokes came to the two messuages from John Palmer but as he had no claim of ownership it possibly was the case that William Stokes was renting the messuages from the heirs of John Palmer.

Three messuages formerly of Sybilla Northwich

Another three messuages were, according to John Foliot, formerly held by William Stokes by inheritance of William’s first wife, Sybilla Northwich. After the death of Sybilla Northwich, William Stokes held the three messuages for his life as allowed by the law of England.[4]

When King John came to Ireland in 1210 he ordained that English laws should be in force in Ireland. One of these laws was that if a man marries a woman with an inheritance and has issue by her, that man; if he survives his wife should have custody of the inheritance for his life even if the issue are of full age. In 1226 it was again ordained that English law should be in force in Ireland.[5] This ordinance was renewed by successive Irish Parliaments and Councils like in 1351 and 1366.[6]

Thus by English law Elia Stokes only held the three messuages for as long as William Stokes, her husband, was alive. After William’s death the three messuages returned to the heirs of Sybilla Northwich. John Foliot challenged that if Elia Stokes denied this evidence the case of the three messuages should go to a jury.

The same jury as above then found that William Stokes had no estate in the property which formerly belonged to Sybilla Northwich. In their verdict the jury described Sybilla’s three messuages as one messuage and two shops. The use of the term of a messuage by John Foliot instead of describing Sybilla’s property as holding two shops would seem to be an effort by John Foliot to reduce the value of the disputed properties and reduce any compensation damages.

The different description between John Foliot and the jury on Sybilla’s property and the other messuages in dispute makes it difficult to determine if the total number of messuages in dispute was seven, eight or nine.  

One messuage of Bristow and Astell

On the question of another messuage, formerly held jointly by John Bristow and John Astell, John Foliot claimed that Eva, wife of the late John Bristow, was endowed with her share of the messuage and William Stokes only had it from Eva Bristow by lease. As Eva Bristow was still alive, John Foliot asserted that she had ownership.

The share of the same messuage held by John Astell, passed to the heirs of John Astell on his death. His wife, Fides le Botiller, was only endowed with a third part of the share held by John Astell in her widowhood. Later Fides le Botiller rented her third share to William Stokes. At the time of the court case Fides le Botiller was still alive and so held ownership of the third part. As for the other two parts of the messuage formerly held by John Astell, John Foliot claimed that William Stokes did not have possession of same on the day he married Elia Stokes and so Elia had no claim to the Astell share of the messuage.[7]

The background of John Astell is difficult to determine. A person called John Astell witnessed a County Waterford land deed in about 1322 while in August 1337 another John Astell witnessed a land deed at Kilmainham, County Dublin.[8] It cannot be said with any certainty if any of these people were the John Astell who held the half messuage in Clonmel.

The jury found that William Stokes did hold the two parts of this one messuage in demesne and was thus seized of same when he married Elia Stokes and thus should be part of the dower lands of Elia.[9]

Two messuages near William’s manse and the land outside Clonmel

As for the other two messuages and the farm land outside the west wall of Clonmel, John Foliot claimed that Elia Stokes was endowed with other property in allowance after the death of William Stokes and so she had no valid claim.

In the jury’s verdict these two messuages and the land outside Clonmel were described differently. The jury described the land outside the western wall of Clonmel as a messuage while at the same time saying there were two messuages near the manse of William Stokes within the town.[10] If the jury’s description was correct then there were nine messuages in disputes allowing three messuages formerly owned by Sybilla Northwich. Whatever the correct description the jury said that the messuages and land were held by William at the time he married Elia Stokes and thus part of her dower property.

The judge’s verdict

Based on these findings, the court found John and Emmelina Foliot guilty of unlawful detention and awarded damages of 10s to Elia Stokes. She was also given right to recover seisin of a third part of the messuages and shops along with two parts of the messuage associated with Bristow and Astell. As the wives of both men were still alive they would hold the one third part of the messuage as their dower property.[11]

The judge’s decision seems to conflict with the findings of the jury. It was only when referring to the property of Sybilla Northwich that the term of shops was used to describe some of the messuages in dispute. Yet the jury found that William Stokes had no claim to the property of Sybilla Northwich including the two shops. It is difficult, without collaborating evidence, to determine if indeed there was any conflict between the findings of the jury and verdict of the judge.[12]

William Stoke without clear record

In this case the judge and jury found John Foliot to be in unlawful detention of some of the eight messuages and one acre of land outside Clonmel in dispute but the late husband of Elia Stokes was himself not clear of wrong doing. In 1359 a jury in Clonmel found William Stokes to be in unlawful detention of one messuage with its appurtenances against John son of John Lawless. But it subsequently emerged that John son of John Lawless was also in unlawful detention of the said property and the true owner was David de le Hay.[13]

About the same time as 1359 there was in Clonmel a chaplain called William Stokes.[14] Attempts over many centuries to enforce cleric celibacy were largely ineffective.[15] Thus it could be possible that William Stokes the chaplain was the William Stokes of Clonmel who was twice married and who’s second wife, Ela Stokes tried to claim her dower lands in about 1373.

Later references

It is presumed that Elia Stokes successful got her dower property but we have no evidence to say yes or no. after this court case Elia Stokes disappears from the surviving records which is not unusual as the surviving records are selective on who gets into the records.

There is a later record for John Foliot as in August 1411 John Foliot of Clonmel was back in the liberty court of the Earl of Ormond on a plea of debt. The result of this case has not survived and no further references have survived relating to John Foliot.[16]

The case relating to Elia Stokes shows why some people are remembered in the documents that survive and why the vast majority of the people are not remembered. Court cases often survive as the judgements are of concern to later people in the medieval times and those relating to property were especially kept as a record of title. The case above was heard in the Earl of Ormond’s liberty court and so survives within the Ormond papers but its survival could also be because the Earl of Ormond may have later acquired some of the messuages concerned.  

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[1] Edmund Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds (6 vols. Stationery Office, Dublin, 1935), Vol. III, p. 384

[2] Edmund Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, Vol. III, p. 383

[3] Edmund Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, Vol. III, p. 384

[4] Edmund Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, Vol. III, p. 384

[5] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Calendar of Documents relating to Ireland (5 vols. Kraus reprint, 1974), Vol. 1 (1171-1251), nos. 1458, 1679

[6] K.W. Nicholls, Gaelic and Gaelicized Ireland in the Middle Ages (Lilliput Press, Dublin, 2003), pp. 53, 54

[7] Edmund Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, Vol. III, p. 384

[8] Edmund Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds (6 vols. Stationery Office, Dublin, 1932), Vol. 1, no. 699; Edmund Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds (6 vols. Stationery Office, Dublin, 1934), Vol. II, p. 61

[9] Edmund Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, Vol. III, p. 385

[10] Edmund Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, Vol. III, pp. 384, 385

[11] Edmund Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, Vol. III, p. 385

[12] Edmund Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, Vol. III, p. 385

[13] Edmund Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, Vol. II, pp. 44, 45

[14] Edmund Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, Vol. II, pp. 35, 45

[15] K.W. Nicholls, Gaelic and Gaelicized Ireland in the Middle Ages, p. 106

[16] Edmund Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, Vol. II, p. 292