Saturday, September 9, 2023

Templevalley Church and Parish

 

Templevalley Church and Parish

Niall C.E.J. O’Brien

 

Templevalley church ruins lie in the townland of Templevalley in the civil parish of Mogeely in the Barony of Kinnatalloon in County Cork. Templevalley was until the late sixteenth century the parish church of Templevalley parish. The parish was then united with Mogeely parish, which bounded it on the north side and the whole gradually became known as Mogeely parish. Templevalley church fell into ruins as the parish church was centred on Mogeely church. The eastern boundary of Templevalley parish is coterminous with the county boundary between Cork and Waterford.

The eastern part of Templevalley parish lies in a North-east to South-west valley between two upland areas. This valley contains the present R627 (formerly known as L34) road between Tallow at the NE end and Ballynoe, Dungourney and Midleton in the south-west. It is this valley that gave its name to the parish as Templevalley means the church in the valley. In Irish the church and parish is known as Bellagh which means a pass or valley through which people can pass.[1] Templevalley church is just a short distance off the R627 on a side road. The townland of Templevalley has two fulacht fiadh which, based on fiadh located elsewhere that were radiocarbon dated, are Bronze Age structures.[2] Thus people have been travelling through the valley for at least 4,000 years.


Templevalley church from the west


Templevalley church

The rectangular church at Templevalley measures 16.3meters East-West and 6.95meters North-South. The east wall has a central window with a segmental arch over an embrasure with an unusual stepping head to the light. On the outside this window has a flat top with right angle shoulders.[3] At a later unknown time a second line of wall was built on the inside of the east gable. This wall blocked off the north side of the stepped headed window. The stepped headed window does not appear in any other known church but it does have a connection with Templevalley in the castle of Newcastle West, Co. Limerick. The fifteenth century banqueting hall, known as the Desmond Hall, has stepped headed windows.[4] The Earls of Desmond were owners of Newcastle West and were also owners of a large part of Kinnatalloon from the early fourteenth century.[5] It is not beyond the bounds of possibility that the rector of Templevalley was a visitor to Newcastle West and admired the windows in the new two storey banqueting hall and said something similar would look nice as the east window of Templevalley church. The ground floor of the banqueting hall was a church in the thirteenth century and so had religious foundation which would have pleased the rector.


Templevalley east window


Towards the east end of the south wall of Templevalley church is a window ope missing its light. Beside it to the east is a wall press.[6] There is another wall press at the south end of the east wall. The west end of the church is overgrown and it is difficult to identify any doorways. The east gable wall has a base batter to help the building as the ground slopes away from the east gable.

The graveyard/enclosure surrounding Templevalley church is approximately 190 feet East-West and 123 feet North-South. A public road (post 1840) runs along the northern boundary with a gateway into the graveyard at the east end of the north wall. The ground within the graveyard slopes upwards from east to west with the majority of the graves at the western end of the graveyard nearly at the same height as the top of the church walls. Most of the visible 18th to 20th century headstones in the graveyard are at the western end of the graveyard. In contrast to many ruined medieval churches there appears to be no visible graves within the church. The north, east and southern sides surrounding the church also have no visible graves.

Twenty five feet south of the south-east corner of the church is a near square stone structure. This structure measures about 40 feet East-West and 26 feet North-South and outlined by a stone bank of one to two feet in height. An opening of about 6 feet is opposite the south-east corner of the church. This opening is 14 feet from the north-east corner of the structure. At 10 feet from the north-east corner, on the north wall, a short wall of 4 feet partially divides the interior of the structure. The south wall of the structure is about 10 feet north of the southern boundary of the graveyard. It was said in 1795 that the ruins of a large building stood near the decayed church.[7] Is the mystery building the large building of 1795? The function of the mystery building is unclear. It could be a priest’s dwelling house or an earlier church or maybe a late medieval chantey chapel.    


The mystery building


Templevalley in history

It is said that the history of Templevalley church began with the Knights Templar in the thirteenth century.[8] Thus, so the story goes, the Templar association gave the parish the Temple part of its name. It was further said that Templevalley was a dependent church on the Templar preceptory at Rhincrew near Youghal.[9] This association is a fiction and Templevalley, or Bellagh as it was also known in Irish, was always its own parish.[10] The word Temple, which appears in the name of many parishes, comes from the Irish word Teampall. In the late eleventh and early twelfth centuries the word teampall was applied to many stone churches at that time in possible reference to Solomon’s Temple of the Old Testament.[11] This does not suggest that the parishioners of Templevalley church were thinking of the Old Testament when they built the church. Indeed up until about 1600 the church and parish was more usually known variously as Bellagh, Belaghy and Belachocylly. It is only in the seventeenth century when the English version of the name, Templevalley, became more common.[12] The period from 800 to 1100, otherwise known as the Viking Age, saw very few new churches.[13] Thus it would appear that Templevalley was established in the twelfth century but the locals were more interested in the pass through the valley than the church by the pass. This somewhat late arrival of organised Christianity in Templevalley seems to be confirmed by that absence of any holy well in the parish.[14]

The pass between the two uplands, the Bellagh, was used as a route way for at least 4,000 years. The church at Templevalley could have provided travellers with a blessing as they entered the valley or as a place to give thanks for successfully passing through the valley. Wild animals and bandits existed up to the sixteenth century to make travel a challenge for anyone not in a large group.


Templevalley site plan


Most medieval church sites lie within a circular enclosure.[15] The square enclosure around Templevalley church is possibly the work of seventeenth and eighteenth century land surveyors. Evidence from other churches like Kileenemer in north Co. Cork show a circular outer enclosure removed leaving a square modern enclosure around the immediate church site.[16] In the first edition Ordnance Survey map of 1840 Templevalley church was enclosed by a square enclosure in the north-east corner of a near square field. It had no public road access. The old R627 road didn’t pass through Templevalley townland but further to the east. Indeed, until the second half of the nineteenth century there was no road access to the church and the dead had to be carried across two or five fields, depending on your direction of travel, to reach Templevalley church.

By 1905 a new alignment of the R627 was made close to Templevalley church while the present by-road running along the north edge of the church enclosure was also built between 1840 and 1905. The square enclosure of the church appears therefore to be post medieval in date. In the 1830 tithe applotment the area of the church and graveyard around Templevalley is given as 3acres 2roots and 16perches while in the 1850 Griffith’s Valuation the graveyard was only 2roots and 35perches. It would appear that the graveyard and church enclosure was bigger than in the 1840 OS map.


Templevalley location map of church & glebe


In about 1300 King Edward the First secured from the papacy a grant of the tithes of each parish in England and Ireland to fund his war against Scotland. In the papal taxation of circa 1302 Templevalley parish, then called Balach, was valued at 20s and paid 2s as the tax rate was ten per cent. In contrast Aghern was worth 30s, Knockmourne parish 100s, Mogeely two marks (26s 8d) and Newtown (Ballynoe) was 12 marks (£8).[17] A few years later (circa 1306) Templevalley was worth 30s, Aghern 3 marks, Knockmourne 7½ marks (93s 4d), Mogeely 3 marks (40s) and Newtown 10 marks (£6 13s 4d).[18] Thus of the four parishes that would in the sixteenth century form the major portion of the Kinnatalloon barony, Templevalley was the poorest parish. But in reality the difference may not have been so big as the value of each parish for the payment of tithes was mainly calculated on the amount of arable land in each parish. The topography of Templevalley parish is mostly upland and even today only a small portion of the parish is used for arable crops. Most of the parish is grassland with large areas of forestry. The value of livestock in Templevalley could have raised its overall value relative to the other parishes.

In both 1302 and 1306 the churches at Templevalley and Mogeely are referred to as chapels while the surrounding parishes of Aghern, Knockmourne and Newtown the entry is for the church of these places. This would seem to suggest that the rectory of Templevalley and Mogeely were held as a prebendary by a canon in Cloyne cathedral and thus the true value of each parish was possibly included with the communia of the whole church of Cloyne.[19]

It is unknown who was the patron of Templevalley parish in medieval times. The parish retained its own rectors and was not granted to any monastery. In contrast Knockmourne was granted to Kilcullihen nunnery in Co. Kilkenny, possibly by the de Freyne family. In 1464 Aghern and Ballynoe parishes were given to the new collegiate church of St. Mary’s in Youghal by the Earl of Desmond.[20] Before the Normans the area around Templevalley was part of the kingdom of Uí Liatháin and after the Invasion was part of the cantred of Olethan which retained the Irish place-name. The Barry family were lords of Olethan and leased out the area of the four parishes of Aghern, Knockmourne, Ballynoe and Templevalley to the de Freyne family of Co. Kilkenny. In the fourteen century the Fitzgerald family acquired the area but, it seems, they took little interest in Templevalley otherwise it would possibly have being granted to Youghal church. Within Templevalley parish there was some Anglo-Norman settlement or organisation of the local Irish population into vills by 1301 such as at Lathbalycolinan (Glenballycullinane), Ballykylle (Glankeale) and Balynfare (Gurtnafira).[21] The vill was the basic unit of an agriculture freehold estate. it usually suggested some form of housing settlement. In later times the vill evolved into the modern townland.[22] Interestingly there was no vill recognised in the townland of Templevalley.

Templevalley rectors

The names of no rectors survive until 1477 when Donnchadh O’Murphy was rector of Templevalley.[23] From about 1477 to 1492 Donnchadh O’Murphy was rector of Templevalley but his position was unsecure as he failed to obtain priestly orders. Prior to 1492 Donnchadh O’Murphy was made a canon in Cloyne cathedral and had converted the rectory of Mogeely into a prebendary. The earliest record of Donnchadh O’Murphy as a canon in Cloyne was May 1481 but he could have been there some time before that.[24] In 1492 Donnchadh wanted to join Templevalley rectory (worth 1½ marks) with canonry and prebendary of Mogeely (worth 4 marks). The Pope allowed the union and rehabilitated Donnchadh for not obtaining priestly orders.[25] In February 1475 a clerk of the diocese of Cloyne called Donnchadh O’Murphy held the rectory of Mallow since about 1468 without having ordained to priestly orders and in February 1475 he successfully secured the position of treasurer of Cork.[26] It is not clear if this was the same Donnchadh at Templevalley and Mogeely.

In 1503 Donnchadh Ycomiyill (O’Connell) was said to be rector of Templevalley.[27] Among the lost papal registers a note in 1503 says that Donatus O’Connell petitioned Rome for the union of the rectory of Sworthro alias de Belachocyly with the vicarage of Bryacha (Britway). The rectory of Sworthro alias de Belachocyly is said to be Gortroe.[28] In circa 1302 Gortroe was called Inchecolyn and in 1591 was called Gortrow alias Inchicollin.[29] Instead Belachocyly, alias Sworthro, appears to be Templevalley.[30]

Templevalley vicars

In most medieval parishes the rector was the chief priest and he was assisted, or substituted by, a vicar. In 1497 Edmund Barry was the vicar at Templevalley but it is unclear if he was under Donnchadh O’Murphy, or Donnchadh O’Connell. In February 1497 Dermot Yhyhyn (Sheehan), a priest of Cloyne Diocese, petitioned the pope for Chilsene vicarage (worth 8 marks) which he previously had but was deprived of it by Donat Offlaguyn (O’Flynn) after litigation. Dermot had originally got Chilsene (Kilshannig) by paying the previous vicar a sum of money and so incurring the sentence of simony which led to his removal.[31] Before gaining Kilshannig, Dermot had received papal dispensation as the son of a priest and a married woman. In his petition Dermot wanted to recover Kilshannig and unite it with the vicarage of Balucha (Templevalley) then held by Edmund Barry, cleric of Cloyne Diocese. In March 1497 Pope Alexander VI allowed the petition and instructed Edmund Magner, a canon in Cloyne cathedral, to act as papal judge. Edmund Magner was to rehabilitate Dermot Sheehan of all his disabilities. He was also to summon Donat O’Flynn and Edmund Barry and remove them if their respective vicarages were vacant under canon law. Dermot Sheehan was to have the two vicarages provided the spiritual needs of the parishioners were not neglected.[32] It would appear that Dermot Sheehan recovered Kilshannig but it is not clear if he acquired Templevalley vicarage.


Templevalley from the east


The combined value of the two vicarages of Kilshannig and Templevalley in 1497 was 14 marks which valued Templevalley at 6 marks.[33] In February 1499, when Donat O’Flynn lodged a petition to Rome to remove Dermot Osicham (Sheehan) from Kilshannig, Donat set a value on Kilshannig of 10 marks.[34] By this amount the value of Templevalley would have been 4 marks in 1497 which is closer to its usual value of 3 marks.

For a period of time before February 1499 Thady Omurchu (O’Murphy) held the vicarage of Belach (Templevalley) until his death. In February 1499 Philip Ymirechu (O’Murphy), a clerk in Cloyne Diocese, petitioned the pope to grant him the vacant vicarage of Templevalley and convert the vicarage (then worth 3 marks) into a simple prebend with a seat as a canon in Cloyne cathedral. A simple prebend was where a cleric would receive the parish tithe income but without having to perform any church duties. Philip O’Murphy also asked for dispensation to obtain priestly orders notwithstanding his defect as the son of a cleric and an unmarried woman. On 20th April 1499 Pope Alexander VI allowed the petition and the dispensation. Edmund O’Murphy and William Hanlan, canons in Cloyne cathedral along with John Philip Fitzgerald, canon in Lismore cathedral, were appointed as papal judges to execute the petition. They were to arrange with the bishop and chapter of Cloyne to give Philip a canonry seat in the cathedral and convert the vicarage into a simple prebend. They were also to ensure that the spiritual needs of the parishioners of Templevalley were not neglected.[35] This was possibly done by Philip paying a curate in Templevalley.  

In February 1509 and June 1509 Philip O’Murphy is named as a canon of Cloyne.[36] If he is the same Philip O’Murphy of Templevalley, then he succeeded in getting a canonry in Cloyne cathedral. It is unknown if Philip O’Murphy did get Templevalley vicarage and had it converted into a simple prebend.

Templevalley after the Reformation

Between the time of Henry VIII and his daughter, Queen Elizabeth, there were three changes in the state religion of England and Ireland. But by the reign of Queen Elizabeth the Protestant religion had won and the Protestant Church of Ireland became the state church. All diocesan and parish property was assumed by the Church of Ireland. Protestant clergy were appointed to parish churches. The absence of documents means that it is not until the 1590s that we find the names of the new Protestant clergy in Templevalley. In 1591 Alexander Gough was rector of Bealagh (Templevalley). At the same time Alexander Stint was rector of Mogeely with Daniel Sullivan was the vicar.[37]

In 1615 Peter Carie was named as rector/vicar of Mogeely and Templevalley.[38] The diocesan visitation of 1615 said that Mogeely church and chancel were in repair.[39] But the chancel and nave of Templevalley church was in ruins.[40] Mogeely parish was valued at £8 while Templevalley parish was worth £4 with the church in ruins.[41]

In February 1616 Scipio Stukely was vicar of Mogeely but no mention was made of Templevalley.[42] In 1629 John Coop was vicar at Mogeely and rector/vicar at Templevalley. On the death of John Coop, James Tredennicke was appointed on 9th November 1629 vicar of Mogeely and rector/vicar of Templevalley.[43] James Tredennicke was also rector/vicar of Shandon in Cork city.[44]

On 10th June 1632 David Thomas, A.M. was appointed rector of Mogeely and curate of Templevalley.[45] On 15th January 1626 David Thoma was made a deacon and priest by Lancelot, Archbishop of Dublin.[46] On 23rd May 1634 David Thomas was made vicar of Tallow and Lisronagh in Lismore diocese and held these parishes with Mogeely/Templevalley. The two parishes of Mogeely and Templevalley were valued in 1634 at £16 for the rector and £16 for the vicar. The Earl of Cork was the patron as successor of the Earls of Desmond.[47] On 27th October 1637 Thomas Ledsham was made vicar of Mogeely while also made vicar of Castlecore.[48] The situation at Templevalley went unrecorded.


South-east of church showing two wall press for church objects


By 1654 the civil authorities had recognised the union of the two parishes of Mogeely and Templevalley and classified the whole area under the name of Mogeely.[49] The Church of Ireland continued to recognise a separate rectory of Templevalley until after 1721 although usually one man held both rectories at the same time.[50] In 1661 Lancelot Smith was made rector/vicar of Mogeely and rector of Templevalley on the death of John Gore. Smith was also prebendary of Coole.[51]

In 1670 Francis Beecher was rector of Mogeely and vicar of Knockmourne.[52] Francis Beecher was also prebendary of Coole and vicar of Carrigdownane.[53] In August 1713 Francis Gore was made vicar of Mogeely.[54] Francis Gore, A.M., also held the prebendary of Killeenemer and in 1717 became prebendary of Kilmaclenine.[55] It would appear that both men also held Templevalley but it was not officially recorded.  In 1714 Robert Carleton was rector of Mogeely and Templevalley on the resignation of Francis Gore.[56] On 21st March 1721 Robert Carleton, A.M., was appointed dean of Cork.[57]

Templevalley loses its separate identity

In 1721 Rev. Thomas Squire was rector/vicar of Mogeely and Templevalley on the resignation of Carleton.[58] Thomas Squire was also precentor of Cloyne.[59] It was during the time of Rev. Thomas Squire that Templevalley ceased to have any separate recognition and its former parish was included under the name of Mogeely parish.

In the organisation of the Roman Catholic Church in the eighteenth century, Templevalley had ceased to exist as a separate parish and was recognised as part of Mogeely parish. In 1764 Fr. William Lonergan was appointed Catholic curate-in-charge of the four parishes of Mogeely, Ballynoe, Knockmourne and Aghern. In 1766 he was assisted by another Catholic curate, Fr. William Murphy.[60]

In August 1759 Charles Percival was made Church of Ireland rector of Mogeely on the death of Thomas Squire.[61] In 1768 Mogeely church was in repair and Rev. Charles Percival lived at Curraglass.[62] In 1774 Mogeely parish was worth £250 in tithe income and the church was in repair with the Bishop of Cloyne as the patron.[63] The glebe amounted to 5 acres 3 roots and 36 perches. The parish was taxed at £2 on the rector and £2 on the vicar with the proxies worth 4s.[64]

In 1778 Rev. Charles Percival built a new church at the east end of Curraglass village on the ground given by Nichols Lysaght. The church could seat 200 people and was paid for by private subscription.[65] This was the only Protestant church in the united Mogeely/Templevalley parish. Since before 1774, the Roman Catholic Church had a small chapel in the townland of Mogeely Upper. In about 1800 this chapel burnt down and was not replaced until a new church was built in about 1836 at Glengoura Cross.[66]

Templevalley in the 19th century

In 1826 the tithe applotment for Mogeely/Templevalley parish amount to £82 3s 8½d but none of this amount was collected. The 1827 tithe applotment was £62 12s. The reduction was possibly by way of encouraging people to pay the tithe tax which was resisted by many Roman Catholic people across Ireland at that time who felt aggrieved at paying a tax to support the Protestant Church of Ireland.

In 1837 Mogeely parish was described as a rectory and vicarage with cure measuring 7½ miles long by 2¼ miles wide. The area of the parish, which covered the area of the two former parishes of Mogeely and Templevalley, was measured at 9,369 acres 1 root and 16 perches for the payment of tithes. The total area of the parish including roads and other areas excluded from tithe was 9,482acres 2 roots and 21 perches of statute measure. The gross population of the parish was 3,095 people. In 1837 one curate was employed at an annual stipend of £75 with an allowance of £13 16s 11d for a house. There was no glebe house and 5 acres of glebe land divided into two plots, one at Templevalley and the other beside the medieval church at Mogeely.[67]

In 1860 the two plots of glebe land were returned as four acres at Templevalley, let to tenants, and one acre at Mogeely which was used by the rector, all valued at £5.[68] The 1830 tithe applotment gave 3acres 2roots and 16perches as the glebe land in Templevalley which included the churchyard. In 1850 William O’Mahony of Templevalley house rented 2acres 2roots and 33perches from Rev. John French which consisted of a house, outbuildings and land. In 1848 Patrick Keary rented this ground from William O’Mahony but had gone by 1850; moved away or died in the Great Famine. The ground was across the road from the graveyard on the north side. In 1850 the graveyard measured 2roots and 35perches which gave the glebe land as totalling 3acres 1root and 18perches. The difference between the 3acres 2roots and 16perches of 1830 and the 4acres of 1860 could be just a rounding up of the acreage or the church acquired an extra 3roots and 22perches in Templevalley between the years which seems inconsistent with the records and a rounding up seems more likely.


Landscape south of the church


Templevalley parish

As Templevalley parish was united with that of Mogeely parish since the early seventeenth century the extent of its medieval parish was not recorded in the many government surveys of the seventeenth and subsequent centuries. The boundary between Templevalley and Mogeely is so far unrecorded. The road travelling east and west from Glengoura cross roads possibly marked the division as the road passes along the ridgeway between the parishes. If Templevalley extended north of the road it would fall into the Bride valley while if Mogeely parish extended south of the road it would cut off the townland of Templevalley from the rest of Templevalley parish which seems an unlikely arrangement.

It would seem that the following townlands formed Templevalley parish, namely Templevalley, Lackenbehy, Ballyerrin, Ballyclogh, Lyre, Knockanarrig, Gortnafira, Kilnafurrery, Rearour North, Rearour South, Monaloo, Sandyhill, Ballyanthony, Glenacroghery, Reanduff, Kilcronat, Knockacool, Caher, Lacken, Glenkeal, Ballyknockane, Ballycullane, and Slievedoctor. Glengoura Upper was likely to be in Templevalley parish while Glengoura Lower was possibly in Mogeely parish.

 

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[1] MacCotter, Paul, A History of the Medieval Diocese of Cloyne (Dublin, 2013), p. 207

[2] Power, Denis & others, Archaeological Inventory of County Cork, Vol. II, East & South Cork (Dublin, 1994), p. 48, nos. 4145, 4146

[3] Power, Archaeological Inventory of County Cork, Vol. II, p. 253, no. 5653

[4] OPW, Desmond Hall, visitor’s guide (no date)

[5] Cokayne, George Edward, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom (Gloucester, 1987), vol. IV, p. 772

[6] Power, Archaeological Inventory of County Cork, Vol. II, p. 253, no. 5653

[7] Anon, Conna in History and Tradition (Conna, 1998), p. 178

[8] Lewis, Samuel, Topographical Directory of Ireland (2 vols. London, 1837), vol. 2, p. 375

[9] Anon, St. Catherine’s Parish: Conna, Ballynoe and Glengoura, A Christian Heritage (Conna, 2000), p. 8

[10] MacCotter, A History of the Medieval Diocese of Cloyne, p. 207

[11] Ó Carragáin, Tomás, Churches in Early Medieval Ireland (New Haven, 2010), pp. 38, 110

[12] MacCotter, A History of the Medieval Diocese of Cloyne, p. 207

[13] Ó Carragáin, Tomás, Churches in the Irish Landscape AD 400-1100 (Cork, 2021), pp. 220, 282

[14] Anon, St. Catherine’s Parish: Conna, Ballynoe and Glengoura, A Christian Heritage (Conna, 2000), pp. 46-49

[15] Ó Carragáin, Churches in Early Medieval Ireland, p. 59

[16] Ó Carragáin, Churches in the Irish Landscape AD 400-1100, p. 157

[17] Sweetman, H.S. (ed.), Calendar of Documents relating to Ireland (5 vols. London, 1886, reprint Liechtenstein, 1974 ), vol. 5 (1302-1307), p. 276

[18] Sweetman (ed.), Calendar of Documents relating to Ireland, vol. 5 (1302-1307), p. 313

[19] Sweetman (ed.), Calendar of Documents relating to Ireland, vol. 5 (1302-1307), p. 274

[20] MacCotter, A history of the medieval diocese of Cloyne, pp. 142, 151, 191

[21] Anon, Conna in History and Tradition, p. 3

[22] MacCotter, Paul, Medieval Ireland: Territorial, Political and Economic Divisions (Dublin, 2008), p. 25

[23] MacCotter, A history of the medieval diocese of Cloyne, p. 197

[24] Twemlow, J.A. (ed.), Calendar of entries in the Papal Registers relating to Great Britain and Ireland, Papal Letters, Vol. XIII, 1471-1484 (London, 1955), p. 102

[25] Haren, Michael J. (ed.), Calendar of entries in the Papal Registers relating to Great Britain and Ireland, Papal Letters, Vol. XV, Innocent VIII: Lateran Registers, 1484-1492 (Dublin, 1978), no. 874

[26] Twemlow (ed.), Calendar of Papal Registers, Papal Letters, Vol. XIII, 1471-1484, pp. 127, 393, 404

[27] MacCotter, A history of the medieval diocese of Cloyne, p. 207

[28] Haren, Michael J. (ed.), Calendar of entries in the Papal Registers relating to Great Britain and Ireland, Papal Letters, Vol. XIX, 1503-1513, Julius II, Lateran Registers, Part Two (Dublin, 1998), no. 929, p. 666

[29] MacCotter, A history of the medieval diocese of Cloyne, p. 175

[30] MacCotter, A history of the medieval diocese of Cloyne, p. 207

[31] MacCotter, A history of the medieval diocese of Cloyne, p. 190

[32] Fuller, Anne P. (ed.), Calendar of entries in the Papal Registers relating to Great Britain and Ireland, Papal Letters, Vol. XVI, Alexander VI (1492-1503): Lateran Registers, Part Two, 1492-1498 (Dublin, 1986), no. 742

[33] Fuller (ed.), Calendar of Papal Registers, Papal Letters, Vol. XVI, Part Two, 1492-1498, no. 742

[34] Fuller, Anne P. (ed.), Calendar of entries in the Papal Registers relating to Great Britain and Ireland, Papal Letters, Vol. XVII, Part 1, Alexander VI (1492-1503): Lateran Registers, Part Two: 1495-1503 (Dublin, 1994), no. 74

[35] Fuller (ed.), Calendar of Papal Registers, Papal Letters, Vol. XVII, Part Two: 1495-1503, no. 160

[36] Haren (ed.), Calendar of Papal Registers, Papal Letters, Vol. XIX, 1503-1513, Part Two, nos. 130, 221

[37] Anon, Conna in History and Tradition, p. 197

[38] Anon, Conna in History and Tradition, p. 197

[39] Anon, Conna in History and Tradition, p. 201

[40] Anon, St. Catherine’s Parish: Conna, Ballynoe and Glengoura, A Christian Heritage, p. 9

[41] Brady, W. Maziere, Clerical and Parochial records of Cork, Cloyne and Ross (3 vols. London, 1864), vol. II, p. 349

[42] Anon, St. Catherine’s Parish: Conna, Ballynoe and Glengoura, A Christian Heritage, p. 105

[43] Anon, Conna in History and Tradition, p. 197

[44] Brady, Clerical and Parochial records of Cork, Cloyne and Ross, vol. II, p. 350

[45] Anon, Conna in History and Tradition, p. 198

[46] Casey, Albert Eugene & Thomas O’Dowling (eds.), OKief, Coshe Many, Slieve Loughter and Upper Blackwater (15 vols. Wisconsin, 1964), vol. 6, p. 867

[47] Brady, Clerical and Parochial records of Cork, Cloyne and Ross, vol. II, p. 350

[48] Brady, Clerical and Parochial records of Cork, Cloyne and Ross, vol. II, p. 350

[49] Pender, Séamus (ed.), A census of Ireland circa 1659 with essential materials from the Poll Money Ordnances 1660-1661 (Dublin, 2002), p. 234

[50] MacCotter, A history of the medieval diocese of Cloyne, p. 207

[51] Brady, Clerical and Parochial records of Cork, Cloyne and Ross, vol. II, p. 350; Anon, Conna in History and Tradition, pp. 198, 202

[52] Anon, Conna in History and Tradition, p. 198

[53] Brady, Clerical and Parochial records of Cork, Cloyne and Ross, vol. II, p. 350

[54] Anon, Conna in History and Tradition, p. 198

[55] Brady, Clerical and Parochial records of Cork, Cloyne and Ross, vol. II, p. 350

[56] Anon, Conna in History and Tradition, p. 198

[57] Brady, Clerical and Parochial records of Cork, Cloyne and Ross, vol. II, p. 350

[58] Anon, Conna in History and Tradition, p. 198

[59] Brady, Clerical and Parochial records of Cork, Cloyne and Ross, vol. II, p. 350

[60] Anon, Conna in History and Tradition, p. 188

[61] Anon, Conna in History and Tradition, p. 198

[62] Gurrin, Brian, Kerby A. Miller & Liam Kennedy (eds.), The Irish Religious Censuses of the 1760s: Catholic and Protestants in Eighteenth-Century Ireland (Dublin, 2022), p. 434

[63] Casey & O’Dowling (eds.), OKief, Coshe Many, Slieve Loughter and Upper Blackwater, vol. 6, p. 867

[64] Brady, Clerical and Parochial records of Cork, Cloyne and Ross, vol. II, p. 350

[65] Casey & O’Dowling (eds.), OKief, Coshe Many, Slieve Loughter and Upper Blackwater, vol. 6, p. 867

[66] Anon, St. Catherine’s Parish: Conna, Ballynoe and Glengoura, A Christian Heritage, pp. 9, 10

[67] Anon, Conna in History and Tradition, p. 198

[68] Brady, Clerical and Parochial records of Cork, Cloyne and Ross, vol. II, p. 351

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