Wexford Liberty: a medieval time line of events
Niall C.E.J. O’Brien
This article gives a timeline of events,
both great and small, that were associated directly and indirectly with the
liberty of Wexford. The liberty, established in 1247, existed on and off until
1604-1608 when it ceased to exist as the shire county administration took over
more responsibilities as the liberty officers died or retired. The timeline
does not include every reference to events in those 361 years. Readers are
directed to the various editions of the Deputy Keeper reports of the Dublin
Public Record Office.[1] The
justice rolls relating to Edward I and Edward II also contain various
references to Wexford.[2] Other
sources include Sweetman’s Calendar of
Documents relating to Ireland. Religious sources are set out by Leslie in
his Clergy of Ferns along with the various editions of the Calendar of Papal
Registers published by the H.M.S.O. and the I.M.C and registers of a number of
monasteries.[3]
The
partition of Leinster, 1247
1247, 3rd May: the great
lordship and liberty of Leinster was partition among the five daughters of
William Marshal after the last of his five sons died without leaving any male
heirs. The total value of Leinster was about £1,716 7s 8½d with each heir
getting £343 5s 6½d.[4] In
addition to the Irish property, the estates of William Marshal in England and
Wales were also partitioned five ways with a temporary extra division made for
Walter Marshal’s widow.
Matilda, or Maud, was the eldest
daughter, and in 1247, the only surviving daughter. In 1207 she married Hugh
Bigod, Earl of Norfolk and after his death in 1225 she married William, Earl
Warenne, who died in 1240. Matilda died in 1248 and was succeeded as lord of
Carlow by his son, Roger Bigod, 4th Earl of Norfolk, and Marshal of
England which he inherited from his mother. Roger died in 1270 and was
succeeded by his nephew, Roger as 5th Earl who in 1302 surrendered
his whole estate to the king. After his death in December 1306 Carlow and
substantial estates across England passed to King Edward 1. In 1307 the
lordship of Carlow was worth £343 0s 1½d.
Matilda Marshal received the liberty of
Carlow with the burgess of Carlow, the assizes and perquisitis of the county along
with the manors of Ballydunegan, Futhered, and Tamulyn, all in Carlow. The
castle of Old Ross, the burgess of New Ross, and the Great Island on the Barrow
below New Ross, all in Wexford. Matilda also got the manor of Ballysax in
Kildare along with knights’ fees in Carlow and Wexford.[5]
Joan Marshal, the second daughter,
received the liberty of Wexford. After 1219 she married Warin de Munchensi and
had a son, John de Munchensi (Monte Caniso) who in 1247 represented his
deceased mother. But John died shortly after the partition and was succeeded by
his sister Joan, wife of William de Valence, King Henry III’s half-brother, and
on 13th August 1247 they received seisin of the liberty of Wexford. The
property consisted of the burgess of Wexford, the assizes and perquisitis of
the county, along with the manors of Rosslare, Carrick, Ferns and Bannow with
the vill of Taghmon. The estate also received the manor of Odagh in County
Kilkenny along with knights’ fees across County Wexford. William de Valence was
made Earl of Pembroke in 1264 and died in 1296. Joan de Valence died in 1307
and was succeeded by her third and only surviving son Aymer de Valence.[6]
The liberty provided all the functions
of local government as the sheriff did in other counties while the four pleas:
arson, rape, treasure trove and forestalling, were reserved to the king[7]
1247: Eleanor de Bohun of Dunamase
received the manor of Carnew in north Wexford = Dunamase was itself part of the
liberty of Kildare = Agatha Mortimer of the Liberty of Kildare received the
manors of Clonmines and Taghmon in south Wexford[8]
1248: de Valence claimed to receive a
royal grant to hold assizes and pleas in the vills of Ross, Clonmines and Carew
which were owned by the other Marshal daughters[9]
1277: Agatha Mortimer, wife of Hugh
Mortimer and one of the seven daughters of Sibyl Marshal, grantee of the
Liberty of Kildare, claimed that William Marshal had granted a franchise or
liberty to Clonmines which was separate from the liberty of Wexford[10] =
Hugh Mortimer of Chelmarsh died June 1275 leaving son Henry (d.1317) leaving a
son Hugh (d.1372) who left six sons and two daughters of which the eldest son
was Henry de Mortimer (d.1361) leaving two sons William (d.s.p.1391) and Hugh
(d.s.p. 1403)[11]
= Agatha in June 1306 held Clonmines and Henry de Mortimer, her son, was heir[12]
Carlow/Wexford
1247: the Bigod lordship included the
liberty of Carlow along with extensive knight’s fees in Carlow (23¼ fees and
1/20 fee) and Wexford (12¾ fees)[13] =
the Wexford fees were located along the east coast, in mid county and scattered
places across southern Wexford from New Ross to Carnsore Point[14]
1247: some tenants like Adam Keating
held knight fees from the Bigod and Valence lordships, namely Slievecoiltia in
Shelburne from the Bigod fee and Kilcogain from the Valence fee[15]
1288: the seneschals of Carlow, Wexford,
Kilkenny and Kildare told to defend the marchlands along the River Barrow
corridor[16]
1307: the liberty of Carlow pays £44 8s
10d and the liberty of Wexford pays £44 8s 10d as does the liberty of Kilkenny
while the liberty of Kildare paid 100 marks[17]
1307: the Bigod share of Leinster
included knight fees in Wexford and Carlow[18]
1313: Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke
(lord of Wexford), Thomas, Earl of Norfolk (the king’s brother and lord of
Carlow), and Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester and Hertford (lord of
Kilkenny) were granted pontage for twenty years to build and repair a bridge
over the River Barrow between the towns of Ross and Rosbarcon[19]
1317: Aymer de Valence as Earl of
Pembroke was one of the witnesses along with Thomas de Brotherton, Earl of
Norfolk and Marshal of England, to the grant of confirmation by King Edward II
of the creation of Thomas Fitzgerald as Earl of Kildare in 1316 and the
subsequent grant to him of the liberty of Kildare and the sheriffdom which was
reserved to the crown in the 1316 creation[20]
1341-3: John Moriz sent writs to various
magnates in Carlow, Wexford and other counties[21]
1351: William de Bromeleye and John de
Pembroke collected debts to the king in the Counties of Carlow, Wexford,
Kilkenny, Tipperary, Limerick, Waterford and Cork[22]
1355-6: John de Troye and William de
Burton collected debts to the king inside and outside the liberties of Carlow
and Wexford and in other counties[23]
1368, July: John Hastings, Earl of
Pembroke, Lord of Wexford and Lord of Abergavenny, marries as his second wife
Anne, daughter and heir of Walter de Mauny, Lord Mauny, by his wife Margaret,
eldest daughter and heir of Thomas de Brotherton, Earl of Norfolk and Lord of
Carlow[24]
1369: William Spalding, clerk of the
king’s works at Camlin, Co. Wexford and Tullow, Co. Carlow, should be paid £61
for wages and materials he had purchased for the works[25]
1375-6: John St. John of Tilladoman in
the barony of Bargy, in Wexford, died leaving his son a minor. John held his
lands from Sir Walter Mauny, deceased, second husband of Margaret, Duchess of
Norfolk, and eldest daughter of Thomas de Brotherton, lord of Carlow[26]
1482: William, Viscount Berkeley and
lord of Carlow, was bound to John, late Earl of Shrewsbury, of sums amounting
to £34,000 which the king exemplified by act of parliament[27]
Liberty
of Wexford
1247, August 13th: Joan
Marshal, heiress of Wexford married William de Valence, 4th son of
Hugh X le Brun, Count of La Marche and jure uxoris of Angouleme, Lord Lusignan
by Isabel, widow of King John and daughter and heir of Aymer, Count of
Angouleme = William de Valence becomes lord of Wexford[28]
1265: the citizens of New Ross enclosed
their town with a wall because of the war between the two barons of Sir Maurice
and Sir Walter[29]
1282-4: Robert de Imer, seneschal of
Wexford, holds inquisitions into the rents, services & customs of the
Ostmen beyond the county of Wexford[30]
1285: Nicholas, archdeacon of Ferns,
claims he was unlawfully impleaded at the exchequer by Sir William Waspayl
concerning the goods of Adam St John[31]
1286: the abbot of Dunbrody in a court
action that he entered falsely on five carucates of land at Crook belonging to
the Knights Templar contrary to English law yet apparently allowed under Irish
law[32]
1286-7: Gilbert de Sutton was seneschal
of Wexford = he also served as sheriff of Kildare in 1297-8 and 1303-4[33]
1294: the seneschal of Wexford, in
consultation with his council, arranged stock piles of provisions in Ferns
castle in anticipation of a rising by the Mac Murchada nation[34]
1296: died William de Valence, Lord of
Wexford = he had 3 sons and 4 daughters but only the third son, Aymer de
Valence, survived his parents. The daughters were: Isabel, wife of John
Hastings; Margaret (died 1276); Agnes married firstly Maurice Fitzgerald, 3rdLord
Offaly (d.1268, leaving son Gerald as 4th Baron Offaly, succeeded by
his cousin John, 5th Baron and 1st Earl of Kildare in
1316), and secondly Hugh de Bailiol (d.1271, elder brother of John de Bailiol,
King of Scotland 1292-6) and thirdly John de Avesnes; and the fourth daughter
Joan married John Comyn, Lord of Badenoch[35] =
John Comyn was stabbed by Robert the Bruce February 1306 leaving a son John
Comyn of Badenoch = John Comyn junior died 1314 at Bannockburn leaving two
sisters, Joan and Elizabeth = Joan, the eldest, married David de Strathbogie,
Earl of Athol[36]
= Elizabeth, second and youngest daughter and co-heir of John Comyn, Lord of Badenoch,
married Richard Talbot, 2nd Lord Talbot, great-grandfather of John
Talbot, Lord Furnivalle, Lord Talbot of Hallamshire, who in 1441 was created
Earl of Shrewsbury[37]
1296: large parts of Wexford were
described as lying in waste while 49 burgages in Ferns and 128 burgages in
Wexford were in waste[38]
Pre1301: Richard de Peveneseie,
seneschal of Wexford[39]
1301-2: Adam de la Roche, seneschal of
Wexford[40]
1303, May at Tullow: the King has
appointed Gilbert Sutton and Henry Estmund to provide and ensure that ships in
the port of Wexford, and other ports along the coast there, are at Dalkey
before Trinity next[41]
1304, October: The King wishes to know
the reason for seizing the liberty of Joan Valence of Wexford by Simon Ludgate
and his fellow justices of the bench and to restore the liberty to Joan[42]
1305: Gilbert de Sutton was seneschal of
Wexford when he was killed fighting the Irish[43]
1306: the exchequer court of the liberty
of Wexford was mentioned as having power of distain over a virgate of land and
buildings in Rosponte (New Ross) that was granted by John le Parker and Margery
his father to Edmund le Botiller[44] =
New Ross would be considered part of the liberty of Carlow at that time
1307, pre September: died Joan, 5th
daughter and co-heir of William Marshal. She was lord of Pembroke and Wexford
1307: Aymer de Valence, known as Lord
Valence, succeeded his mother as Earl of Pembroke and styled himself lord of
Wexford and Montague[45]
1308: the usual set up was six oxen to two
horses in the plough-team in Wexford[46]
1310: some fees of the Bigod lordship in
Wexford passed to the Valence lordship such as Kilcavan in the barony of Bargy[47] =
but the evidence for other places is unclear = it is said that the Bigod
overlordship of Glascarrig passed to the Valence fee and Amyer de Valence was
landlord of 27 carucates there in 1321 but Glascarrig is not in the Valence
feodary of 1324[48]
1313: Edmund le Botiller and Adam de la
Roche of Daunhoume made a covenant that Adam would abide with Edmund and bear
his arms against all his enemies except the king, Aymer de Valence, Earl of
Pembroke, Lord of Wexford, Sir Maurice de Rocheford, George de la Roche and
Thomas de Dene in any part of Wexford[49]
1317: Aymer de Valence as Earl of
Pembroke was one of the witnesses to the grant of confirmation by King Edward
II of the creation of Thomas Fitzgerald as Earl of Kildare in 1316 and the
subsequent grant to him of the liberty of Kildare and the sheriffdom which was
reserved to the crown in the 1316 creation = Thomas de Brotherton, Earl of
Norfolk and Marshal of England was another witness to the confirmation grant[50]
1317, July: Aymer de Valence grants a
charter to the town of Wexford
1318, July: grant by Aymer de Valence,
Earl of Pembroke, Lord of Wexford and Montagu, a charter of liberties to the
town of Wexford which was reconfirmed in 1413 and 1559[51]
Pre 1320: Aymer de Valence, lord of
Wexford, married Beatrice, 3rd daughter and co-heir of Ralph de
Clermont, Constable of France by his first wife Alice, Viscountess de
Chateaudun and Dame de Montdoubleau. She died 14th September 1220
without issue[52]
1320s: in the days of King Edward II it
was said that McMurrough Kavanagh controlled the land between Carlow and the East
Sea (Irish Sea) with the O’Byrne and O’Toole families[53]
1321, July: Aymer de Valence married in
Paris to Mary, daughter of Guy de Chastillon Count of St. Pol, by his wife
Mary, daughter of John, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond by his wife
Beatrice, daughter of King Henry III.[54]
1322-4: John St. John was constable of
Wexford castle and sheriff of Wexford in 1322[55]
1324, June: Aymer de Valence died
suddenly in France and was buried in Westminster Abbey
1324, 16th July: inquisition
post mortem at Wexford into the property of Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke[56]
1325, February: Aymer de Valence was
succeeded by his sister and co-heir, Isabel, wife of John Lord Hastings
(married 1275). Their second and surviving son was John de Hastings who married
Julianne, daughter of Sir Thomas de Letbourne. Julianne later married Sir
Thomas Blount and thirdly to William de Clinton, Earl of Huntingdon. John (died
c.1325/6) and Julianne had a son Laurence de Hastings, born 1320, who became
the new Earl of Pembroke[57] =
custody of Laurence’s inheritance was granted to Hugh le Despenser, son of
Hugh, Earl of Winchester[58]
1325, 1st March: dower
granted to Aymer’s widow[59]
1326: Richard Talbot, son and heir of
Gilbert Talbot, 1st Lord Talbot, married Elizabeth, second daughter
and since 1316 co-heir of John Comyn of Badenoch = Richard Talbot died 1356 and
his widow married John Bromwich[60]
1326, July: died Joan, daughter of John
Comyn (d.1306) of Badenoch = December 1326 died her husband David de
Strathbogie, Earl of Athol, leaving son David[61]
1328: Laurence de Hastings married
Agnes, daughter of Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March
1330: David de Strathbogie, Earl of
Athol, got full seisin of his estates[62]
1330: by that time the Earl of Ormond
had acquired various messuages and lands in New Ross which he granted to Oliver
de Fraxineto with reversion if Oliver has no heirs male[63]
1330, circa: John de Pissur was
described as seneschal of the community of New Ross[64]
1334: Selskar priory seeks an
inquisition on the land and advowson of Taghkyln that Robert de Sotewell
proposes to grant them as lands destroyed by McMurrough & others[65]
1334-5: Robert Power appointed seneschal
of Wexford[66]
= Robert Poer was the king’s seneschal of Wexford to hold pleas and use his
military force to keep the peace between the English and the Irish and assisted
by Thomas de Dent and Richard Broun to hold pleas[67]
1335, November: died David de
Strathbogie, Earl of Athol, husband of Catherine (d.1368) daughter of Henry Beaumont
leaving son David (aged 3)
1335-6: Robert Poer, clerk, was
appointed seneschal of Wexford by the king and was assisted by a small force of
men at arms, hobelars and foot soldiers to keep the peace between the English
and the Irish. William Motoun, clerk, was sent to the liberty of Wexford with
the small seal of the liberty and proclaim the king’s assizes. Thomas de Dent
held pleas in the liberty under the seneschal[68]
1336-7: Richard Broun, clerk, sent to
Wexford to hold pleas under the seneschal[69]
1337: John de Ellerker asked for pardon
of £84 a year farm on the lands of the late Laurence de Hastings in Co. Wexford
of which he has two more years lease which property he holds of the king’s
commission during the minority of the heir[70]
1337-8: Thomas de Dent sent to Wexford
to hold pleas[71]
1338: Richard Talbot recovers his
Wexford lands seized by the government as an absentee lord under the ordinance
of 1331[72]
1338: the Earl Marshal of England held
land at the tenement of Balyechan which bordered a carucate transferred from
John Boscher of Balyechan to Walter King of New Ross, witnessed by the
seneschal and sheriff of the Wexford liberty[73]
1339, February: although still a minor,
Laurence de Hastings acquires seisin of his inheritance[74]
1339, October: the king recognises
Laurence de Hastings as Earl of Pembroke and as earl palatine on the lands he
inherited from Aymer de Valence = styled himself Earl of Pembroke, Lord of
Wexford and Lord of Abergavenny[75]
1340, December: Laurence de Hastings
made constable of Ferns[76]
1340-9: the Dublin government appointed
constables to Ferns castle following the death of David of Strathbogie, 11th
Earl of Athol[77]
1341: Laurence de Hastings of full age
and granted full seisin of his inheritance[78]
1348: died Laurence Hastings, Earl of Pembroke,
Lord of Wexford and Lord of Abergavenny, at Abergavenny and buried here[79]
1349-50: Sir John Hakeluyt and Agnes his
wife were paid £13 6s 8d per year as their share of the third part of the
liberty of Wexford assigned as dower to Agnes[80]
1350-1: liberty of Wexford in the king’s
hand due to the minority of the heir of the Earl of Pembroke[81]
1355, July: Appointment of William
Charnels, bishop Ferns; the sheriff Wexford; and Brother Richard Northamptoun
as keepers of the peace in county Wexford = other keepers of the peace
appointed in 1346, September 1355, 1358, 1364, 1365, 1375 (3 different
appointments), 1382, 1386, 1387 (twice), 1403 (twice), 1409, 1415, 1425, 1426
and 1431[82]
1355, September: Nicholas Broun was appointed
sheriff of Co. Wexford following his election by the gentlemen of the county[83]
1355, October: appointment of John
Bristowe to the office of the chief serjeanty of Co. Wexford[84]
1355: David de Strathbogie, Earl of
Athol, got full seisin of his estates[85]
1356: died Richard Talbot
1356-8: The O’Byrnes attacked the
settlers in County Wexford with mounted soldiers and foot soldiers[86]
1358/9: Irish ministers use revenues
from the lands of the Earl of Athol to pay for the expenses of Ferns castle,
property of the Earl[87]
1359: John Hastings, Earl of Pembroke,
Lord of Wexford and Lord of Abergavenny, married Margaret (born 1347-died
1361), 4th daughter of King Edward III by Philippe of Hainault[88]
1364: John Hastings, Earl of Pembroke,
granted seisin of his entire father’s property in England and Wales[89]
Pre 1364-1385: in December 1386 Thomas
Clifford, escheator of Ire., or his deputy in Co. Wexford was told to give
Roscarlan manor to Simon Neville and Isabelle, his wife = in response to a writ
of certiorari = previous to 1364 inquisition taken before Robert Euere, deputy
escheator of Ire., said Thomas Lynet was seised of the manor and held it by
knight service of Laurence Hastings, Earl of Pembroke; and he gave the manor to
Philip Furlang of la Horeton on condition that he re-enfeoff the said Thomas
within three days, with remainder to one John Lynet, his bastard son, with
reversion to the right heirs of Thomas = but Philip didn’t re-enfeoffed Thomas
Lynet nor, after Thomas's death, John the bastard, although Clement Roche,
Thomas's attorney, often demanded that he do so = Ismania, Thomas's daughter
and heir and wife of Simon Nyvell, entered the said manor, claiming it as inheritance
after the death John, who died without heirs male = but Philip retained
possession and died seised, leaving a minor, Fulk, as his son and heir. After
Philip's death, the manor was taken into Edward III's hand by minority of John
Hastings, son and heir of Laurence; and it remained in the K.'s hand until
Simon and Isabelle recovered their seisin by writ of novel disseisin against
Fulk, Henry and others before the Justiciar in 1364 = It was also found that
Isabelle was confirmed by the bishop in the name of Ismania but baptized in the
name of Isabelle, and is known by either name; and that the said manor was
worth 100s = On 10 December 1385 Simon and Isabella appeared in chancery by
their attorney and sought restoration = a fine was payable = the King pardoned
them the fine on their ignorance and poverty = order to deliver the manor to
them together[90]
1366: the bishop of Ferns asked the king
about his rights concerning weights and measures within the diocese of Ferns[91]
1368, January: Gerald, earl of Desmond
and justiciar of Ireland, was at Wexford to hear the pleas of juries and
assizes relating to a dispute between two parties concerning a free tenement in
Clonmeen[92]
1368, July: John Hastings, Earl of
Pembroke, Lord of Wexford and Lord of Abergavenny, marries as his second wife
Anne, daughter and heir of Walter de Mauny, Lord Mauny, by his wife Margaret,
eldest daughter and heir of Thomas de Brotherton, Earl of Norfolk and Lord of
Carlow[93]
1368, September: John Hastings comes of
age and received full seisin of his English lands and in October received full
seisin of his lands in Ireland and Wales[94]
1368: died Katherine, dowager Countess
of Athol, daughter of Henry de Beaumont, Earl of Buchan by Alice, eldest
daughter and co-heir of John Comyn, Earl of Buchan[95]
1369: the town of Bannow (Wexford) and
other land and tenements in Jerpoint and Everdrym in Co. Wexford (sic
Kilkenny), belonging to Sir John Bromwich, were seized by reason of a certain
ordinance made by the King but later restored[96]
1369, October: died David de Strathbogie,
Earl of Athol, leaving no issue by his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Henry de
Ferrers, 2nd Lord Ferrers of Groby, by Isabel, daughter and co-heir
of Theobald Verdun, 2nd Lord Verdun[97] =
he left two daughters as co-heirs; (first) Elizabeth who married firstly Sir
Thomas Percy (son of 1st Earl Northumberland) [her son Sir Henry
Percy of Athol died 1432 leaving two daughters; Elizabeth wife of Thomas Burgh
and William Lucy; Margaret wife of Henry 6th Lord Grey of Condor and
Richard de Veer] and secondly (1390) to John le Scrope (d.1405, 5th
son of Henry le Scrope of Masham)[Scrope left two daughters; Elizabeth Clarell
and another] = (second) Philippa married firstly Sir Ralph Percy (d.1397 no
issue) and married secondly to Sir John Halsham who had three sons of whom
Richard was eventual heir leaving Joan, his daughter as his heir and wife of
John Lewkenor (d.1471) = in 1495 Sir Henry Roos, grandson of John Halsham was
heir[98]
1371-2: Henry Wogan acted as constable
of Enniscorthy castle on behalf of the king during the minority of the heir of
John de Rocheford[99]
1372, November: born John Hastings, son
of John Hastings, Earl of Pembroke and Lord of Wexford and Anne de Mauny[100]
1372, November: died Elizabeth, daughter
and co-heir of John Comyn of Badenoch, husband of Joan de Valence[101]
1374: the Irish treasury issued a
summons to John Bromwich for unpaid receipts of his land while in the king’s
hand in 1369 but the king caused him to be quit of any payments[102]
1374: writs sent to the sovereigns and
councils of New Ross and Wexford to elect representatives for the forthcoming
Irish parliament[103]
1374: Stephen Furlang given custody of
the castle of Keyr, near Bree, Co. Wexford, as in the K.'s hand because of the
minority of Fulk Furlang, son and heir of Ismania Denne, to have during
pleasure, paying 100s annually, provided Stephen finds sufficient ward and
provisions[104]
1374: Walter Coterell spent 14 days in
Co. Wexford inquiring about treasure trove and four weeks in Wexford and
Waterford examining shipping according to regulations without pay = granted ten
marks[105]
1374, August: John Hastings, Earl
Pembroke and lord of Wexford appoints John Roche to act before the bishop of
Meath in all pleas concerning Pembrokeshire[106]
1375 appears to have been a busy year in
the life of the Wexford liberty but that is more because the survival rate of
documents record more items for this year compared to other years
1375: died John Hastings, Earl of
Pembroke and Lord of Wexford in Picardy = body returned to England and buried
in the Grey Preachers, Hereford[107]
1375, April: appointed of Stephen,
bishop of Meath, of the custody of the Wexford lands of the late John Hastings
and ensure the appointment of seneschals and other officers[108]
1375: the effective area of the County
of Wexford was defined as covering the four southern cantreds (baronies) of
Forth, Bargy, Shelburne, and Shelmalier and the cantred of Keyr[109]
= Keyr covered the area in 1375 that was later defined as the eastern part of
Shemalier[110]
1375: the vicecomiti (sheriff) and
officials (provosts, sergeants, sub-sergeants & bailiffs) of Wexford were
directed to appoint lay assessors and collectors of a subsidy which covered the
province of Munster and Counties of Kilkenny and Wexford[111]
1375: Walter Pierce of Wexford got a
licence to buy 2 quarters of wheat and 6 of oats in any port in Ireland, and to
transport them to Wexford at his own expense[112]
1375, June: Nicholas, son of John
Synnath, was appointed chief serjeant of Co. Wexford[113]
1375, July: the commons and clergy of
Wexford were asked to pay 40 marks as part of 400 marks allocated by the Irish
parliament to fund the defence of the king’s loyal subjects in Munster against
O’Brien of Thomond and the O’Connor of Connacht[114]
1375, July: to liberty and county
officials of Tipperary, Kilkenny, Wexford and Waterford and numerous town
officials including those of New Ross and Wexford are instructed to obey the
officials of Waterford city in the collection of any fees relating to the
export of the staple from Waterford as instructed to do so by statute[115]
1375, July: pardon in parliament to
Philip Neville who once parleyed with the Irish of Kensely and attacked loyal
subjects, now has turned on the Irish and many marchy areas are now free of
Irish enemies on the recommendation of the Wexford keepers of the peace[116]
1375, October: Thomas Dene, bishop of
Ferns, complained that his property and tenants at Ferns and elsewhere were
seized by unnamed persons without payments = the king takes the bishop’s
property and tenants under his special protection[117]
1375/6, January: wardship of the estates
of the late Earl of Pembroke granted to his widow, Anne de Mauny and her
mother, the Countess of Norfolk[118]
1376: John Botelson asks to be constable
of Wexford castle and chief serjeant of the county for life in reward for his
18 years of royal service = property held by king during minority of heir of
John Hastings, Earl of Pembroke[119]
1376, February (new style): Roger Hassam
of Wexford was allowed to transport three weys of wheat to Wexford[120]
1376, February: James Butler, Earl of
Ormond, Thomas Mareward and Hugh Cromp were appointed to inquire in Cos.
Dublin, Meath, Louth, Cork, Limerick, Kilkenny, Waterford and Wexford
concerning wine merchants who claimed payment of prisages in the ports of
Cornwall and quittances on this when they land in the ports of Ireland with
their wines. They are to arrest those who are found guilty and to keep them
until ordered otherwise[121]
1376, February: John Peres and Robert
Stokes were appointed to ensure that no royal soldiers left Ireland by Wexford
port or any ports in the county = the liberty seneschal, sheriff of the
crosslands and the sovereign of Wexford were to give all and any assistance[122]
1376, February: the abbot of Tintern
claimed pardon at parliament for paying 13 marks to the prior of Canterbury for
churches in Wexford against the ordnance concerning benefices and possessions
in Ireland held by those in England because of ignorance of the ordnance =
pardoned granted[123]
1376, March: Nicholas Dagworth came to
the Kilkenny parliament of October 1375 to say the king of England can no
longer bear the full cost of the Irish army and the magnates, commons and
clergy of Ireland must share the burden = but the Irish claimed poverty and
inability to pay = therefore each county, parliamentary borough and diocese
were asked to send representatives to meet the king in England = the diocese of
Ferns elected the dean of Ferns and Richard Whitty, clerk and the county of
Wexford, through the sheriff accept the same two to represent the liberty while
New Ross sent William Seymour and William Rykille while Wexford town sent
Laurence Bron and James Freynish[124]
1377: died Mary, Countess of Pembroke (widow
of Aymer de Valence) = inquisition post mortem at Wexford 9 Richard II Saturday
after All Saints finds she held in dower from her husband Aymer de Valence and
held of the king by scutage = Rosslare manor, Carrick manor + advowson of St
Nicholas chapel, Ballymascaller 60s years rent from burgesses, Wexford 40s
yearly by burgesses for third part of town, Athert 80 acres in the town, Ferns a
third part of manor and castle worth nothing as devastated by the Irish =
reversion of Rosslare, Athert, Wexford and Ballymascallur to John de Hastings
(aged 14) = reversion of Carrick and Ferns to Gilbert Talbot, Lord Goodrich
(aged 40) = premises seized by Edward III during minority and granted to
William de York, rent free who subsequently sold the grant to John More of
Dublin and others[125]
1377, June: Stephen, bishop of Meath,
was given custody of the Earl of Pembroke’s estate at a certain value before the
escheator, enemies of the bishop claimed the property was not fully valued and
Richard Walsh and John Brettan did a re-evaluation = bishop claim expenses for
the inconvenience and gifted £6[126]
1377, July: the sovereign of Wexford,
Thomas Doune, and others inform the public that they are bound to pay the
expenses of James Butler, earl of Ormond and justiciar of Ireland, while he was
in Wexford town and around County Wexford to the value of £11[127]
1377-1378: Thomas Everdon, chief
engrosser of the Ex. of Ire., was appointed to levy and hasten debts, extend the
K.'s farms and do other things in Cos. Kilkenny and Wexford and also in
Munster, and he laboured at his own expense; and on another occasion appointed
by a similar commission = laboured for a quarter year = levied £111 without fee
or reward. = January 1385 seeks reward = the King gifted him 8 marks[128]
1378: Walter Coterell appointed king’s
pleader in Munster, Kilkenny and Wexford = annual fee of 100s with subsequent
notices of arrears[129]
1378: Robert de la Freigne, Walter
Coterell and John Lumbard were appointed as justices to inquire by juries of Cos.
Kilkenny, Wexford, Waterford, Cork, Limerick, Kerry and Tipperary concerning
all manner of seditions, felonies, trespasses, extortions, etc[130]
1378: parliamentary writ to the
sovereigns of New Ross and Wexford and other parliamentary boroughs[131]
1378: by advice of the Justiciar, the
Irish Council agreed that Art Dermicius McMurgh of Kensely, chieftain of his
lineage, be retained in the king’s army for one year, in return for 40 marks[132]
1378: Thomas Dene, bishop of Ferns, was
farmer of the estates of Mary St Paul, late countess of Pembroke in dower. With
the death of the countess all the Pembroke estate returned to the king on the
minority of the heir and in June 1377 custody was granted to William York until
the heir reaches majority = bishop paid York £7 10s of the issues receipts[133]
1378, March: grant to John Piers and
John Boudram of custody of all lands cultivated within the park of Wexford,
with moors and pasture within the bounds of that park, to hold during pleasure
rendering 10s p.a. from the hands of the provost of Wexford[134]
1378, March: 100 marks levied on
Counties Dublin, Kilkenny, Wexford and Kildare to pay Murrough O’Brien to leave
Leinster with his army = the counties were slow to levy the fine and so the
Dublin treasury set the fine upon the counties and named individuals[135]
1378, March: writs to proclaim the royal
service at Cashel, addressed to the sheriffs of Cos. Louth, Kildare, Carlow,
Waterford, Wexford (not an independent liberty in 1378), Cork and Limerick; and
to the seneschals of the liberties and the sheriffs of the crosslands of Meath,
Kilkenny, Tipperary and Kerry = but few if any came = order to compel people to
pay[136]
1378, March: commons of Wexford fined
£10 for elected Richard Whitty to parliament while he was an outlaw and so
disabled from attending[137]
1378, April: Patrick de la Freigne went
to Wexford and Kilkeny with the Earl of Ormond and the bishop of Ossory to
bring Art McMurrough and his chiefs to peace = gifted £10 for his expenses = at
same time = McMurrough, O’Byrne and O’Toole, captains of their nations joined
McMurrough in rebellion against the Leinster settlers[138]
1378, May: Thomas Everdon and John
Lumbard were appointed to levy the King's debts in Cos. Kilkenny, Wexford, and
Munster[139]
1379: Hugh Rochefort, seneschal and
receiver of the king’s demesnes in Wexford from 1377 was granted £4 by Edward
III but didn’t receive before king’s death = order to pay and another £4[140]
1379: John Lumbard was appointed on 12th
March 1379 as justice in Cos. Kilkenny, Waterford, Wexford, Cork, Limerick and
Tipperary to inquire, hear and determine. He laboured for a quarter year and
more with six men and horse at great expense, collected 200 marks for the treasury
= August 1382 seeks reward = the King gifted him 20 marks[141]
1380, February: John York remised
forever to Robert Evere and John More all his rights in the Co. Wexford property
that belonged to Mary St Paul, late countess of Pembroke[142]
1380, June: John Hastings, Earl of
Pembroke, Lord Hastings and Lord Mauny, married Elizabeth, daughter of John of
Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster by his first wife Blanche, daughter and heir of Henry
of Grosmont, Duke of Lancaster = marriage dissolved September 1383[143]
1380, July: King Edward III appointed
John Botelstoun constable of Wexford castle and chief serjeant of co. Wexford,
grant him 5 marks for his time in the office of constable = May 1382 order to
the provosts of Wexford town to pay John Botelston £10 p.a. as constable of Wexford
castle and chief serjeant of Co. Wexford[144]
1380, September: writ to sheriff of
County Wexford to send representatives to parliament (not a liberty?) = and New
Ross and Wexford town[145]
1380-1536: various acts of absentees the
crown took title to the Irish lands of the Dukes of Norfolk, Lord Berkeley and
the Earl of Shrewsbury including the liberty of Wexford and titles of Norfolk
and Berkeley to property in north Wexford[146]
1381, February: Earl of Ormond, Robert
de la Freigne, Walter Cotterell and Michael Lawless appointed as justices to inquire
by oath of worthy men of Co. Wexford concerning the people who took goods
belonging to John Arundell[147]
1381, August: David Schepman and Clement
Butler in the towns of Wexford and New Ross; and Richard Whittey, Patrick Broun
and Thomas Wadding in Co. Wexford were elected as assessors in the towns of
Wexford and New Ross, and county of Wexford, for finding 20 archers in defence
of that county[148]
1381, 3rd October: Gerald de
Rocheford quitclaim his rights in certain properties in Counties Limerick, Cork
and Wexford including the manor of Enniscorthy in Wexford[149]
John Hastings married secondly to
Philippe (born 1375), 2nd daughter of Edmund de Mortimer, 3rd
Earl of March by Philippe, daughter and heir of Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of
Clarence[150]
1382: writ to sheriff of Wexford and
sovereign and provost of Wexford and New Ross as well as other towns and
counties that no one should proceed to foreign parts without licence[151]
1382, July: Thomas Bathe, the K.'s
clerk, and John Lumbard had letters to levy the king’s debts in Cos. Waterford,
Wexford and elsewhere obtaining £100 and suffered great expense in Leinster and
Munster. He seeks remedy. The K. has granted Thomas 100s of his gift[152]
1382, July: John Brettan, remembrancer
of the Ex., was commissioned to levy the King’s debts and other profits in Cos.
Kilkenny, Wexford, Waterford, Cork, Kerry, Limerick and Tipperary, both inside
and outside liberties, from 30 Sept. [1381] to 1 April [1382] at great expense.
He petitioned the late Lieutenant, justiciar and council and granted 40d a day
for that time but petitions got lost = seeks a reward as other clerks received
= King granted him 40 marks his gift[153]
1382: the bishop of Ferns had leased to John
Esmond 1 messuage and 3 acres of land in Kyllallok, Co. Wexford, by fealty and
service of 100s p.a., = but John was outlawed for writ of debt by suit of
Thomas Maureward and the escheator seized the property = order to pay the bishop
3s 4d beyond the said rent due to him[154]
1382, November: bishop of Ossory
appointed to inquire concerning goods forfeited to the crown in Cos. Kilkenny,
Tipperary, Waterford and Wexford, along with escheats, wards, marriages and
reliefs, and return same into profit for the crown[155]
1383, February (new style): licence by
fine of 40s for Richard Whithay to enfeoff Nicholas Balland, chaplain, of the
manor of Ballacarghan (Ballataghan) held of the King in chief, and for Nicholas
to re-enfeoff the said Richard and Eva his wife, to hold forever, remainders to
Richard son of Richard Whithay and John son of Richard Whithay and the right
heirs of the said Richard Whitay forever[156]
1383, November: John Lumbard and Robert
Sutton were appointed as justices to hear and determine certain seditions,
felonies, trespasses and other matters in Co. Wexford = they held a session at
Taghmon in the marches of that county for five whole weeks at their own expense
with 16 men and horse in their company to resist the Irish there = they
collected 40marks = seek reward = the King gifted 100s to John and 60s to
Robert = outstanding November 1384[157]
1384, November: By advice of the Lt of
Ire. and the K.'s council there, and for £160 paid in the hanaper, grant to Sir
Ralph Cheyne of custody of all lands and tenements in Co. Wexford that belonged
to John Hastings, late Earl of Pembroke, held in chief of the king and held by
the king by minority of John, his son and heir, to have until the heir comes of
age[158]
1384, December: appointment of Patrick
de la Freigne and Robert de la Freigne, Walter Coterell and John Lumbard as
justices concerning seditions in Cos. Kilkenny, Wexford, Waterford, Tipperary
and Limerick[159]
1385, June: the Countess of Norfolk
granted custody of her grandson, John Hastings, for five years
1385, July: Walter Penkeston, clerk, got
grave injuries & lost a horse worth £10 in Idrone where the lieges of Co.
Wexford had gone in expedition against McMurrough = granted 40s[160]
1385, October: appointment of Edmund del
Clay, chief justice common bench, William Langham & Robert Mauleverer as
justices of seditions etc. in Cos. Kildare, Carlow, Kilkenny, Wexford,
Waterford, Tipperary, Cork & Limerick[161]
1385, October: custody given to Simon
Nevell of the manor and rents of Roscarloun, of which Philip Furlang died
seised by the mainprize of Matthew fitz Henry and William Boscher of Co.
Wexford[162]
1385, October: Edmund del Clay &
Richard Gyffard, appointed as justices itinerant to hear & determine all
pleas in Cos. Kildare, Carlow & Wexford[163]
1386, August: ratification of the estate
of John Hogan chaplain, keeper of the leper-house of St Mary Magdalene near
Wexford, with the rectory of Molrancan annexed, diocese of Ferns, has in the
custody of the said house and church[164]
1386, October: licence to William Sygyn,
Thomas Mernagh and John Wayt to buy six weys of wheat, winter barley and oats
in Co. Wexford, load them in ships and transport them to the city of Cork by
the mainprise of Robert le Hore and Thomas Admot as the citizens of Cork are
surrounded by sterile countryside = December 1386 licence to Gregory Hore to
buy eight weys of wheat and oats, and convey them to Cork or Kinsale, by
mainprize of Hugh Rochefort of Co. Wexford = March 1386/7 licence to Hugh
Rochefort to buy 3 weys of wheat and 3 weys of oats in any port in Co. Wexford,
and to transport by sea to Cork and Kinsale and the neighbouring parts[165]
1386/7, February: Countess of Norfolk
made indenture with William de Beauchamp, keeper of the estates in Pembroke and
elsewhere in Wales (made keeper in March 1377/8), to grant the whole estate to
John Hastings[166]
1387, January: custody granted to David
Wogan (by mainprize of Thomas Whitey of Co. Wexford and Richard Bossher of Co.
Kildare) of the lands of Richard Whitey in Co. Wexford, held of the inheritance
of John Hastings, Earl of Pembroke, deceased, held by Richard's death on
minority of Patrick, his son and heir; to have during pleasure = April 1387
custody granted to Hugh Rochefort of the land of Richard son of Richard Whitey
until heir is of age = David Wogan to interfere no further[167]
1387, May: custody given to James
Freynshe of 40 acres of land in Balyell, Co. Wexford, which belonged to William
Cadde, deceased = who held in chief of the heir of the earl of Pembroke deceased,
a minor in the King's custody = in hands of the marquis by William's death and
the minority of his heir; to have during pleasure[168]
1387, June: licence for Henry Lane and
John White, citizens of Waterford, to load eight tuns of salmon in a ship in
any port in Wexford or Waterford, and transport them to England[169]
1388: died John Bromwich (1380
justiciar), second husband of Elizabeth, daughter and co-heir of John Comyn by
his wife Joan, sister of Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, Lord of Wexford[170]
1388: John le Scrope (son of Henry, 1st
baron Scrope of Masham) married Elizabeth, eldest daughter and co-heir of
David, Earl of Athol
1398, May: Martin Godde, ex-sheriff of Co.
Wexford to deliver to Simon Nevyll all writs as the new sheriff[171]
1389, June: appointment of Thomas
Swetman and Matthew fitz Henry as justices to inquire about seditions and lands
due to the king in Cos. Wexford and Waterford[172]
1389, December, 30th or 31st:
at Christmas time when King Richard II held court at Woodstock (later site of
Blenheim Palace) John Hastings was killed by a lance while trying out his horse
in practice for a tournament[173]
= buried first beside his father in the Friars Preachers at Hereford and then
exhumed March 1392 and buried in Grey Friars, London = at death the Earldom of
Pembroke reverted to the crown and the Barony of Mauny became extinct while the
Barony of Hastings went dormant[174]
1389: Philippe Hastings, widow of John,
subsequently married secondly Richard Fitzalan, 15th Earl of
Arundel, as his second wife. In September 1397 Richard was beheaded. Philippe
Hastings then married Thomas de Poynings, Lord St. John of Basing (died 1428)
and she dies September 1401 at Halnaker and buried at Boxgrove[175]
1390: Reginald, Lord Grey de Ruthyn,
claimed the lordship of Wexford as the son Reginald (d.1388), son of Roger,
Lord Grey de Ruthyn by his wife Elizabeth, daughter of John Hastings (d.1312)
and Isabel de Valence, eldest daughter of William de Valence[176]
1390, March: custody granted to Hugh
Rochefort (by mainprize of Stephen Kent and Thomas Estmond) of all the lands and
rents that belonged to John, son and heir of John Hastings, late Earl of
Pembroke, in Co. Wexford; to have for as long as they are in the K.'s hand,
rendering 100s p.a.[177]
1390, April: appointment of William
Benet of New Ross and Dionisius Roche of Wexford search anyone buying merchandise
outside the common fair of New Ross and the neighbouring towns[178]
1390, May: John and Elizabeth le Scrope
were given letters patent to appoint attorneys to manage their Irish estates
with renewal in 1392 and the Earl of Ormond as attorney
1391, July: custody granted to Thomas, bishop
of Ferns, and Joan wife of Nicholas Deverous (by mainprize of John Aynessarghe,
clerk, and William Colyn of Co. Wexford) of the lands of Nicholas in Co.
Wexford, in the King’s hand for certain reasons; to have for as long as they
remain in the K.'s hand, rendering the extent[179]
1393, May: custody granted to Roger Codd
of the town of New Ross with the mills meadows, fisheries and ferries there,
and also the town of Dubarriesilaund (Great Island), Co. Wexford, with the
courts, hundreds and all other appurtenances; and also the town of Kylcrone and
all the lands, tenements, rents, services, knights' fees, advowsons of churches,
wards, marriages and escheats, with appurtenances, that belonged to Philip
Furlang in Co. Kilkenny, except the town of Molyngbro, which are in the King's
hand for certain reasons; to have for as long as they remain in the King's
hand, rendering twice a year[180]
1394: writ concerning postponement of
parliament sent to seneschal of Wexford[181]
1395, February: Richard II granted to
prior & convent of Selskar, near Wexford, licence to acquire lands,
tenements, rents & advowsons of parochial churches, vicarages, chapels
& chantries, to the value of £10 p.a. = acquired property in 1425 &
1427 below[182]
1395, March: six named monks of Dunbrody
along with John Battaille of the barony of Dunbrody, John Wolff and Philip […],
attacked David Estmond, burgess of Wexford, commissioner of the King at
Dunbrody, while he was performing his office; and they imprisoned him, and
destroyed the King's letters patent in his custody. However, on account of
reverence to Holy Church, and so that the said monks may serve God with more
devotion in this time of Lent, seneschal of Wexford told to supersede execution
of that writ until the morrow of the Close of Easter 1395[183]
1395: Art McMurrough Kavanagh submits to
King Richard II giving the crown ultimate title to Kavanagh lands[184]
1394-5: Poyning’s Parliament passes act
of resumption which in 1611 give King James clear title to redistribute the
lands of north Wexford[185]
1395, 28th April: grant by
King Richard II of a large part of north Wexford to Sir John de Beaumont
including the seven manors of Farringmall, O’Felmigh, Shermall, Lymalagoughe,
Shelela, Gory and Dipps[186]
1395, April: ratification that Richard
Talbot; John le Scrope and Elizabeth his wife; and John Halsham and Philippa
his wife have the estate as heirs of John, son and heir of John Hastings, late
Earl of Pembroke, in co. Wexford and the lands that Mary de St Pol held in
dower and that Anne, wife of John Hastings, held in dower and also in other all
manner of possessions whatsoever belonging to the earl, who held of the King in
chief[187]
1395, 8th May: appointment by
Richard Talbot, John and Elizabeth le Scrope and John and Philippa Halsham,
lords of Wexford, of Thomas Moigne as seneschal of Wexford (Memoranda roll,
18-19 Richard II m. 37)[188]
1398, July: the escheator of Co. Wexford
was told to given full seisin to Reginald Gray, lord of Ruthin, cousin and next
heir of John son of John Hastings, late Earl of Pembroke and lord of the
liberty of Wexford, after giving surety to the king[189]
1400, January: custody granted to Thomas
Harbrek, constable of Carlow castle, (by mainprize of Richard Sydegreve and
Robert Whityngham, both of Meath) of all manors, lands and services in Cos.
Carlow, Kildare and Wexford that belonged to Margaret, late Duchess of Norfolk,
in the King's hand by the death of Margaret and by the death of Thomas Mowbray,
late duke of Norfolk, kinsman and heir of the said duchess, and by reason of
the minority of his heir; to have during pleasure[190]
1400, March: appointment of the Earl of Ormond,
John Cophull and John Lumbard to inquire by oath in Cos. Wexford, Waterford,
Cork, Tipperary, Kilkenny and Limerick concerning the jewels, goods and
chattels that belonged to John Exeter in those counties[191]
1400, May: appointment of Fulk Furlang
as sheriff of Wexford[192]
1400, May: appointment of Matthew
Furlang to the office of the chief serjeanty of Co. Wexford during pleasure,
paying 6s 8d p.a. by mainprize of John son of James Frenshe and Henry Nyvell of
co. Wexford[193]
1400, May: grant to John Roche of
custody of the park of Wexford, during pleasure, rendering the extent, by
mainprize of Roger Gryt clk and Roger Sampford of Co. Wexford[194]
1400, May: Commission to Sir Edward
Perers (by mainprize of Thomas Herbryk and Thomas Taillour of Co. Carlow), of
custody of all manors, lands and services in Cos. Carlow, Kildare and Wexford that
belonged to Margaret, late Duchess of Norfolk, and that came into the King's
hand on the death of the duchess, and are now in the king’s hand by the death
of Thomas Mowbray, late Duke of Norfolk, kinsman and heir of the duchess, by
reason of the minority of the heir of the late duke; to have during pleasure,
rendering the extent[195]
1400, June: appointment of Nicholas
Orell and James Cornewalsh to search for goods and chattels forfeited to the
King that were in a certain ship of Kinsale, that was hidden in the chapel of
St Macethe of the Island (Kilmokea) and to have all the goods [etc.] with all
possible haste at New Ross before Sir John Stanley, Lieutenant of Ireland[196]
1400, June: Richard Broun, burgess of
the town of New Ross, received from Edward Perers, attorney and seneschal of
Thomas Mowbray, Earl of Nottingham, one old site of a mill called Lorcanesmyll
(later called Larkin’s Mill), together with the watercourse of that mill and
also half a carucate of land near the same mill in the lordship of Oldrosse, to
have to him and his heirs forever, rendering to Thomas and his heirs 10s p.a.
For this reason, Richard built a mill on the said site and began a tower for
its safety and the defence of the town of New Ross, but that mill was burned by
enemies. The mill and land are in the King's custody by reason of the minority
of Thomas, son and heir of the said earl = to have custody for six years,
without rendering anything[197]
= is New Ross still part of the liberty of Carlow or now in Wexford?
1400, July: commission to John son of
William Barry, by mainprize of Robert Burnell of Dublin city and Thomas Taillour of Co.
Kilkenny, of custody both of two thirds of the manor of Carrick, co. Wexford,
in the K.'s hand by reason of the minority of the son and heir of Richard
Talbot, deceased, and also of two thirds of the third part of the same manor
which Ankarista, previously Richard's wife, an absentee, holds in dower, and of
the chapel called Insula Barry, in the K.'s hand by reason of the outlawry of
John, abbot of the house of the Blessed Mary of Ferns, and 17½ acres of land in
Ballyell in the same county; [to have] for as long as they are in the K.'s
hand, rendering the extent[198]
1400/1401 to 1415: in 1400-1 Raymond
Bossher was sub-constable of Wexford town when he was amerced in 200s for the
escape of Tatheus Haket, the fugitive. In February 1514 the King pardoned the
amercement = Raymond was also fine 100s for the same offence and this was pardoned
= Raymond was constable of Wexford castle and was also described as
sub-constable of Wexford castle when the escape occurred[199]
1401: Patrick Barrett, bishop of Ferns,
asks for the temporalities be given to him[200]
1402, June: grant by Patrick, bishop of
Ferns, of the advowson of the church of Ardcolme, diocese of Ferns, to the
prior and convent of the monastery of SS Peter and Paul of Selsker, near
Wexford, forever[201]
1402: MacMurrough attacks Wexford
defeating Sir Stephen le Scrope, the lord deputy of Ireland[202]
1403, December: pardon to Hugh Rochefort
of Co. Wexford, on a fine of 20 marks, of suit of peace for all manner of
trespasses and to him of the goods and chattels that belonged to John Holland,
late Duke of Exeter, and other good and chattels forfeited, and also of
outlawry[203]
1403, December: order to the seneschal
of the liberty of Wexford to place Philip Rokeley, chaplain, in possession of
the free chapel of St Saviour of New Ross[204]
1403, February: grant to Henry Strangwys,
clerk, of two thirds of an annual pension of 10 marks of which the prior and
convent of Christ Church, Canterbury, in Eng., were seised forever, issuing
from the house of Tintern in Co. Wexford; to have for his life without
rendering anything while in the king’s hand by the statute against absentees[205]
1403, May: licence to Patrick, bishop of
Ferns, to treat with all persons, both English and Irish, enemies and rebels,
in the marches of Cos. Wexford, Kilkenny and Carlow in order to restore them to
the King's peace[206]
1404, January: an unnamed person had
licence to transport one wey of wheat to Wexford[207]
1404, May: inspeximus of letters patent
of Reginald Grey, lord of Wexford and of Ruthyn, appointing John Barry as
deputy in the absence of John Roc, seneschal of the liberty of Wexford[208]
1404, May: licence to Robert Fynglas of
Swords to transport half a wey of wheat to parts of Wexford[209]
1405, May: exoneration of Reginald Lord
Grey from the payment of two thirds of the lordship of Wexford, assessed at
200m, on account of his absence in Eng. contrary to the statute of the late
king, Richard II[210]
1406, December: John Barry, king’s
attorney (one time deputy seanchaà of Wexford) was commissioned to inquire
about the goods, tithes and value of John Midilton, Gilbert Alneth, chaplains, along
with William Beket, clerk and Nicholas Sullivan alias Vale who were outlawed
and their goods forfeited to the King and if they were absent contrary to
statute[211]
1407, May: pardon to Nicholas, son of
Nicholas Devereux, of all intrusions and contempts in the manor of Balmagyn, Co.
Wexford, made by him or his ancestors or tenants; and of all debts due by forfeiture
of Richard, formerly Earl of Arundel[212]
1407, June: appointment of Laurence
Merbury, John Lumbard and William fitz Gerot as justices in Cos. Kilkenny,
Wexford and Tipperary, and the crosslands of the same, to inquire concerning
treasons[213]
1408, November: appointment of John
[surname unknown] to the office of keeper and water-bailiff between the towns
of New Ross and Wexford, for life[214]
1408, March: appointment of Robert
Sutton, Nicholas Deveros, Nicholas Broun, Fulk Furlang, Dionisius Hay and
Nicholas Hay to inquire concerning all treasons in Co. Wexford[215]
1409, January: grant to John, son of
William Rochefort, of the custody of the house of the leper hospital of St Mary
Magdalene near Wexford, for life[216]
1409, May: Licence Patrick, bishop of
Ferns, to build a crenellated stone castle in the marshes of Wexford in a place
called Mountgarret and hire suitable stone-cutters and masons within Cos. Kilkenny,
Wexford and Waterford, to work upon the said construction at that bishop's
expense[217]
1409, July: appointment of the seneschal
of the liberty of Wexford, the sovereign of the towns of New Ross and Wexford,
Robert Sutton, Nicholas Broun, Thomas Syot and Fulk Furlang to inquire as to
how much of the sum of 80 marks is in arrears to Arthurus McMurrough arising by
a dispute between Art and the commons of Wexford[218]
1410, January: grant to Walter Moryn of
Wexford that he and his issue may use English law on the recommendation of Thomas
Butler, prior of the hospital of St John of Jerusalem in Ireland[219]
1410, May: appointment of John Lumbard
& William fitz Geraud—who were previously appointed as justices of assize
in Waterford, Wexford, Tipperary, Limerick & Cork—to deliver all writs to
the sheriffs [etc.] in the absence of the Council, saving to the King fines
& the fees of the Great Seal; the writs be same force as sealed with the
Great Seal of Ire[220]
1410, November: A former escheator took
a garden belonging to Henry Coulvercok in Wexford that an inquisition said that
when Henry was provost of Wexford, when in the King's hand, he acquired that
garden from Robert Martell within his bailiwick, contrary to statute. Because
that reason is considered in chancery to be invalid, escheator to remove the
King's hand[221]
1411, September: commission to Reginald
Broun of the chief serjeanty of the crosslands of Co. Wexford[222]
1411, October: appointment of Nicholas
White, Michael Orayllys, William fitz Gerald, John Keppagh, Robert Sutton &
Patrick Cotterel—previously appointed to inquire, hear & determine in Cos.
Kilkenny, Wexford, Waterford, Tipperary, Limerick, Cork & Kerry—to hear
& determine appeals concerning death & also other felonies &
abductions of women[223]
1411, November at New Ross: inspeximus
and exemplification of various charters between c.1300 and 1411 concerning the
family of de Ebroyc or Deveroys, in the property of Dounecormok, Tyberculle and
Ballymckarwyll and the Lynet family[224]
1411, November: pardon to Henry fitz
John Hore of intrusions in the manor of Kylmannok, Co. Wexford for good service[225]
1411, April: inspeximus and confirmation
to the sovereign, bailiffs and burgesses of Wexford of a charter, dated 25 July
1317 of Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke = second inspeximus in 1313[226]
1412, January: The commons of Wexford
and the sovereign and commons of New Ross and Wexford granted Thomas Butler,
prior of the hospital of St John of Jerusalem in Ire., 300m for his service within
that county; with the following as assessors and collectors: John Sutton and
David Calfe of the cantred of Shirbryn; Thomas Synot and John Roche of
Faryngevale; Philip Stafford and Geoffrey fitz Edmund Whittey of Fotherte; Howellin
Rede and Andrew Furlang of Rosse [New Ross]; John Nevyle and William fitz
Matthew Hore of Shirmaler; Nicholas Broun and Nicholas Deveros of Bargy; Maurice
Wadyng and Walter Morne of the town of Wexford[227]
1412, February: Grant to John Corryngham
of various properties in Dublin, Co. Meath and one messuage in Wexford town that
formerly belonged to Maurice Benger. To have for life by the recommendation of
Thomas Butler, prior of the hospital of St John of Jerusalem in Ire., deputy of
the King's son Thomas of Lancaster[228]
1414: the settlers of Wexford attack
MacMurrough and were defeated[229]
1414, July: commission to Patrick,
bishop of Ferns, of all lands [etc.] that belonged to John fitz Henry in Co.
Wexford, in King's hand by his outlawry; to have for as long as they are in the
King's hand, rendering the extent by mainprize of William Sutton of Co. Dublin[230]
1415, February: a pardon was given to
John Roche, former sheriff of Wexford, in a suit of peace for treasons; and
also of all debts & arrears of accounts. This was attested by Sir John
Talbot of Halomshire, Lieutenant of Ireland[231]
1415, July: Licence for Brother James
Coytyff, his confrere, and Nicholas White at act for the prior of the house of
St John the Baptist outside the New Gate of Dublin in Munster and Cos. Kilkenny
and Wexford for his defence in pleas and matters concerning himself and his
said house for one year because of the danger of the roads[232]
1415, August: pardon to John Drake of
Dublin & William Ballylongge, John Yngoll, John Hereford & John Wynter,
chaplains, of all intrusions in various lands in Cos. Dublin, Meath, Kilkenny
& in lands in Bannow, Co. Wexford; also of all debts & accounts owed;
& confirmation of the estate & possession which they have in the said
lands[233]
1416: John Talbot of Halomshire, Lieutenant
of Ireland, read letters patent of Henry V to John Newe and Patrick Coterell,
restoring to them the tenements of Mountgarret in Wexford and Kylry in Kilkenny
granted to them by Patrick Baret, late bishop of Ferns and falsely seized by
Thomas Moyn under a false letter from the Irish exchequer[234]
1416, January: grant to Walter Talbot of
the marshalsea office within Co. Wexford before all justices holding sessions,
both in the Ex. and the common bench in that county; to have for life, with the
due fees, for services[235]
1416, May: instructions to John Yonge,
abbot of Tintern; Walter Grace, prior of Selskar; & Thomas, seneschal of
Wexford, to elect a man from the crosslands of Co. Wexford, who is without
suspicion to be sheriff of the crosslands for the next term; & his oath is
to be taken before you that he will serve faithfully[236]
1416, October: pardon John Coryngham, clerk,
of suit of peace for all treasons & trespasses committed by him, for which
he was outlawed. Pardon to John of all intrusions & abatements committed by
him in various properties in Dublin, Wexford, Ardras & Trynet, with
ratification of his claim in the lands. Pardon to him of all debts &
accounts owed to the King[237]
1416, October: appointment of Hugh burgh
& Patrick Coterell to inquire in Cos. Kilkenny, Waterford & Wexford into
all goods, chattels, lands that belonged to Thomas, late bishop of Ossory, from
October 1408 to date. Also concerning all other goods & chattels owed to
the King in those counties by people deceased (and current owners) or people
still living & have not made satisfaction. They are to extend the episcopal
lands & of other debtors & keep in safe custody. They should inquire
which people live in those lands or are absent or were absent at time of coronation
of Henry IV or since contrary to the ordinance of Richard II. They are also to
seize all debts of sheriffs, escheators, collectors of customs & farmers in
those counties, & any others unpaid. They are to seize the temporalities of
the said bishop[238]
1416, February: appointment of Nicholas
son of Matthew Frensche and John Hay as coroners in Co. Wexford[239]
1417, July: John Barry, former sheriff
of Wexford, pleaded that he owed the King various sums but because he has been
removed from office, he no longer can levy them = order to levy, collect and
receive the various sums owed by debtors in the county = he is to return the
said amercements to the Ex., & be diligent in these matters[240]
1417, December: writ to the seneschal of
Wexford and the sheriff of the crosslands to ensure that Thomas Butler, prior
of the Knights Hospitallers in Ireland attends the next parliament and to say
when and where they post proclamations to this effect[241]
1417, February: grant to Henry Rochefort
of the office of sheriff of the crosslands of Co. Wexford, during pleasure
following his election[242]
1420: the effective county of Wexford
was defined as the four southern baronies of Forth, Bargy, Shelburne and
Shelmalier (see 1375)[243]
1420, October: appointment of John Lumbard,
John Chever, Patrick Coterell, Robert Folyng, William fitz Gerote, &
Stephen Pembroke to inquire, hear and determine in Cos. Kilkenny, Wexford and
Waterford concerning treasons, felonies etc.; to deliver the gaols within those
counties; and to hear and determine pleas, assizes, & to deliver the K.'s
writs to sheriffs [etc.] within those counties[244]
1420, February: By assent of Richard
Talbot, archbishop of Dublin, deputy of the Lt of Ire., grant to Richard
Northorp, clerk, and Hugh Venables (for service and £40 paid at the Exchequer) the
custody of all the property in Co. Wexford, in the King's hand by the death of
Gilbert Talbot who held in chief by knight service, and held by minority of the
heir; to have for as long as they remain [245]
1420, June: grant to John Chever custody
of all the property in Co. Wexford belonging to the late Gilbert Talbot, Lord
of Wexford, for as long as they remain in the King's hand, rendering the extent[246]
1420, July: order to John Wyche, baron
of the Ex. to inquire the true value of all castles, manors [etc.] in Co.
Wexford, in the K.'s hand[247]
1420-June 1428: An insufficient
inquisition on a writ of certiorari concerning the manor or lordship of Bannow,
Co. Wexford, = another writ appointed 8 judges to inquire upon the premises.
They said that Elizabeth Comyn was seised of the manor in fee, & she
married John Bromwich kt, & had issue Anna; & Elizabeth died, after
whose death John held the lordship by the law of Eng., with reversion to
Gilbert Talbot as son & heir of Elizabeth, begotten between her & John
Talbot kt. Gilbert gave the reversion to Robert Evere & Ismania his wife,
to have to them & the heirs of Robert forever. By force of that grant, John
Bromwich nominated them as attorneys, &later surrendered the manor to them;
& John died. Afterwards Ismania married John Drake. & James Evere, son
& heir of Robert, confirmed the estate to John Drake, & Ismania held
the manor, & Ismania died on 1st Jan. 1420. & John was 50
years plus, & married to Alice Preston long before the death of Ismania.
Order to cause James to have full seisin[248]
1421, April: order to pay £4 to Maurice
Stafford, Walter Shirlok & William Baldewyne, lately appointed to inquire
in Cos. Wexford, Kilkenny, Waterford, Tipperary & elsewhere concerning
various articles, juries, & other matters touching the K.'s business and
profit[249]
1421, April: pardon to Hugh English of
Wexford of outlawry due to debt by suit of John Trody, citizen of Dublin, at the
common bench.[250]
1421, April: grant to John Chever (by
mainprize of Nicholas Deveros and James Chever of Co. Wexford) of two thirds of
the property in Co. Wexford, of Gilbert Talbot, lord of Wexford, deceased, during
pleasure, rendering the extent[251]
1421, July: appointment of Nicholas
Broun, Robert Folyng & Geoffrey fitz Mayo to levy, collect all sums of
money in Co. Wexford leviable of the royal service lately proclaimed at Louth in
the following form, viz.: £4 from the baronies of Roscarlan and Novell, for two
royal services; 10s from the barony of Moldaryng for a quarter service; £10
from the baronies of Shirmall and Konaloyowe for four services; 10s from the
baronies of Moulhyreke and Kenealoyowe for a quarter service; 20s from Ballyardwill
for half a service[252]
1421, October: appointment of John
Hibard, Robert Folyng, Maurice Stafford, Patrick Cotrell, John Chever &
William fitz Gerauld as justice to inquire in Co. Wexford & six other
counties & the crosslands, concerning treasons, felonies [etc.], hear &
determine them; and take assizes; make all writs, both original & judicial,
to deliver them to the King's ministers; & such writs have same force as under
the great seal[253]
1422, April: appointment of John
Neville, baron of Roscarlon, as seneschal of the Wexford liberty[254]
1422, December: appointed of Nicholas
Broun of Molrankane and John Praate as deputies for the escheator of Ireland in
Co. Wexford and as deputy clerks of the market and keepers of weights and
measures[255]
1423, November: election and appointment
of Robert son of William Bosschier as sheriff of Co. Wexford, during pleasure[256]
1423, November: On 20 June 1423 the King
granted to John Wyche & Nicholas Deveros custody of two thirds of all the
property that belonged to Matthew St John in Co. Wexford, on the death of
Matthew & the minority of William his heir; with the reversion of the one third
that Cecilia holds in dower. On the examination of council found the writs from
chancery were wrong & the King deceived = revoking the writs[257]
1423, December: grant to John son of
Adam Ketyn of Co. Wexford (mainprize of John Stafford tailor of Dublin &
John s. of Richard Weys of Co. Wexford), custody of the property of Matthew St
John in Co. Wexford, during pleasure, rendering £4 p.a. at the Ex[258]
1423, March: grant to James Kent of the
office of escheator in Co. Wexford, with office of clerk of the market in the
liberty, without rendering anything, for war service[259]
1424, July: writ to arrest shipping for
the passage to Ireland of Edmund Mortimer to the sovereign & provosts of
New Ross; the sovereign & provosts of Wexford & other Irish ports[260]
1424, July: appointment of John Sutton,
James Furlong & Maurice Avenell to inquire in Cos. Wexford & Waterford
concerning carrying customable wool [etc.] out of those ports & pay custom
to the King[261]
1424, August: an inquisition, time of
Henry V, before Walter Whittey, claimed deputy escheator, found Henry Latymer
seised of 1 messuage & 80 acres of land in Remundcodestoun, gave the same
in fee to David Wadyng, then sheriff of Co. Wexford, contrary to statutes &
ordinances. Later Walter Ocborne pleaded in chancery that he was seised as of
fee of the property until removed by the inquisition; that Walter Whittey was
not deputy escheator at the time = decided in chancery to remove the king’s
hand[262]
1424, February: On 30 Dec. 1422 the King
granted to Nicholas Deveros esq. two thirds of all lands of Nicholas son of
John Hey deceased of Co. Wexford, in the King's hand of the minority of Robert,
his son & heir; with reversion of one third that Joan holds in dower, &
marriage of heir. But letters emanated fraudulently and improvidently & so
revoked[263]
1424, February: grant, by 40s, to
William Chevyr of custody of all lands of Nicholas son of John Hay in Co.
Wexford, to hold until Robert comes of age, together with his marriage[264]
1424, February: on advice of the bishop
of Meath, grant, for service & 6m paid at the receipt of the Ex., to
Richard, archbishop of Dublin, of custody of all the property of Matthew St
John, deceased, within Co. Wexford, by minority of William Seynt Johan, his
cousin & heir, a minor; rendering 6m p.a. (correct value 10m), with marriage
of the heir[265]
1425, April: Donat O’Byrne pledge to
protect the lordship of Wexford and the king and Talbot tenants within while
allowing the Dublin government to exercise jurisdiction in his own territory =
witnessed by five people & many others[266]
1425, April: pardon to Nicholas Broun,
ex-sheriff of Co. Wexford, of outlawry upon a process in debt, at the suit of
the Earl of Ormond, former Lt of Henry V in Ire[267]
1425, April: John Talbot, lord of
Talbot, Furnival & Wexford, by his deed made at Wexford gave Selskar priory
the chapel of St Nicholas of Carrick, & the advowson with its appurtenances,
in pure & perpetual alms forever, which chapel & advowson are held of
the King in chief = inspeximus & confirmation in 1437[268]
1425, May: commission to James
Cornewalsh (by mainprize of William Chevyr and Hugh Wogan of Co. Wexford), custody
of all lands in Bieurepeir1 and Ryngerestoun; to have for as long as in the
K.'s hand, rendering the true value p.a.[269]
1425, May at Wexford: John, Lord Talbot,
Furnival & Wexford appointed Nicholas Broun as seneschal of his liberty of
Wexford for as long as the said lord may please, with due & accustomed fees[270]
1426: John, Lord Talbot and Furnival,
desires to absent himself from Ireland and asks to receive all issues, rents
and profits of his property in Ireland and be sent to England notwithstanding
the statute concerning absentees in Ireland = licence granted 25th
July 1426[271]
1427, March: John, Lord Talbot,
Furnyvale & Wexford appointed esquire Thomas Everyngham as seneschal of the
county and lordship of Wexford, during pleasure = 6 Aug. 1427 Thomas took his
corporal oath in chancery as seneschal of the said liberty[272]
1427, May: petition of Nicholas Hay, son
of William of Sleade, on account of laudable service, the King took him into
special friendship, appointed him prefect of the arc of Wexford, and granted
him £50 of his gift[273]
1427, October; Robert, bishop of Ferns,
with assent of dean & chapter, gave to Selskar priory the parochial church
of Ardcaven & advowson, parcel of the bishopric temporalities & held in
chief, the K.’s licence of alienation not obtained = king willing to accept the
licence of late Richard II (1395) as ignorance of the priory in making such
acquisitions, & their poverty & the ruin of the rents & possessions
of the priory by Irish enemies, = grant pardon and release of trespasses in
acquisition & release to priory of any royal rights = inspeximus &
confirmation in 1437[274]
1430, October: pardon to Andrew St John
of all intrusions of all property in Tamahagyrt, Tyllaghdowan & Munsyn, Co.
Wexford; & confirmation of his status; & pardon him of suit of peace
for treasons[275]
1431: John Keating was seneschal of the
liberty of Wexford and sheriff of the cross lands there = in 1442-44 he was the
ex-seneschal and receive pay from the Dublin exchequer[276]
1432, February: appointment of Earl of
Ormond; James Cornewalshe, chief baron of Ex.; Robert Folyng of Kilkenny; &
Robert Lyncoll of Waterford, to inquire in Co. Wexford & six other counties
concerning treasons, etc.[277]
1435, February: commission to David
Roche (by mainprize of Thomas Roche & Richard Barry of Wexford town) of
custody of 12 acres, with appurtenances, at Bourekarryk, Co. Wexford, during
pleasure[278]
1436, March: agreed that James Blakeney,
escheator of Ire., & clerk of the market, weights & measures could
appoint Walter son of Thomas St John, John Sutton, John son of Dionisius
Stafford, Nicholas Everard & John Broun as his deputies in Cos. Kilkenny,
Wexford, Tipperary and Waterford as Blakeney is occupied in wars with the Lord
Deputy[279]
1437, July: inspeximus and confirmation
to Selskar priory of property acquired in 1425 and 1427 above[280]
1439, October: Richard Talbot,
archbishop of Dublin, lodged a certain tally of £24 at the Exchequer in Easter
term 1437 from the royal service of Wexford, proclaimed at Mullingar, for John
Talbot, tenant, for Richard, archbishop of Dublin; & that tenant was
unwilling to receive that tally = order to pay £24 to the archbishop[281]
1440, September: various inquisitions
found John [Mowbray], late duke of Norfolk, held the following lands, viz.: the
manor of Olde Rosse with the town of New Ross, and the castle and Hervey island
of the King by knight service, worth £10 p.a.; the manor of Ballysax, Co.
Kildare, of the King by knight service, worth 20s p.a.; and the castle of
Carlow with the corporation of the county and borough there; and the manor of
Fethard, of the king by knight service, worth 12d p.a. = had issue John, his
son and heir, then 17 years old. King respited the homage of John, the son, for
6s 8d. Order to have full seisin[282]
1441, May: May. In the council chamber
in the abbey of St Mary on the good governance & keeping laws in parts of
Kilkenny, Wexford, Waterford, Tipperary, Limerick & Kerry; how it necessary
with all haste that William Chevyr, second justice at pleas, & Edward
Somerton, serjeant-at-laws, should proceeded to those counties & William
have 6s 8d a day for costs & Edward 4s a day[283]
1441, August: Andrew Sampford made fine of
6s 8d with the King because he seized into the King's hand two carucates of
land in Leawnaght, Saveshill & Somereston, Co. Wexford; when he was neither
escheator nor deputy escheator at the time of seizure[284]
1446: John Talbot as the king’s
lieutenant in Ireland was described as Earls of Shrewsbury, Lord of Wexford and
Waterford, Lord Talbot, Lord Furnival and Lord Lestrange[285]
In later times government documents and
the crown style the Earl of Shrewsbury by the imaginary title of Earl of
Wexford while at the same time recognising his cousin Lord Grey de Ruthyn by
the imaginary title of Baron of Wexford[286]
1450, May: commission to David Cowan clerk
of custody of the lands of Simon Keally in Co. Wexford; for as long as in King's
hand, rendering the true value[287]
1450, August at Wexford: John Talbot, Earl
of Shrewsbury and of Wexford and Waterford, Lord Talbot, Furnival, le Straunge,
Verdon', seneschal and constable of Ire., has appointed John Penyngton as
seneschal of the liberty of Wexford; with a mandate to the sheriff of the liberty
and all other officers to obey[288]
1450, November at Wexford: John, Earl of
Shrewsbury, appointed John Rowcestre as seneschal of Wexford liberty; with a
mandate to the sheriff & all other officers obey him[289]
1455: the seneschal the Wexford liberty
and the sovereign of Wexford town wrote to the great magnates (the Earl of
Ormond and the 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury, claimant to the liberty
against Lord Grey de Ruthyn) and to parliament
complaining that Edmund Butler and Thomas of Desmond had joined with the
Kavanaghs to plunder and burn across County Wexford for four days and nights[290]
1458: act of parliament 36 Henry VI 28
allow licence for William Welleston to mine at Clonmines, Co. Wexford and
elsewhere[291]
1463: act of parliament 3 Edward IV 45 relating
to the walls of Wexford town[292]
1471: act of parliament 11 Edward IV 24 relating
to the lands in Wexford that were parcels of the house of St John of Jerusalem
in Ireland[293]
1472: act of parliament 12 Edward IV 4 liberty
of Meath dissolved[294]
1494/5: Wexford contributed something to
the rising of tax revenues[295]
1499, March: the seneschal of the
liberty and cross-lands of Wexford was fined along with the sheriffs of
Kilkenny, Waterford, Cork and Limerick for not returning writs for the
parliament at Dublin = the abbot of Dunbrody was fined for non-attendance = at
the second session in August 1499 at Castledermot the bishop along with the
dean and chapter of Ferns were fined for non-attendance[296]
1500-16th century: copy of a
document of the time of Edward II showing title to the lands of Thomas of
Brotherton in Carlow & Wexford & its descent to Thomas, Duke of
Norfolk, and Maurice, Lord Berkeley in Pembroke College library at Cambridge
University[297]
1509-1602: the Tudor fiants of King
Henry VIII, King Edward VI, Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth contain much
relating to the liberty, county and towns of Wexford
1511: Selskar abbey had free election of
its prior since foundation but a secular priest, supported by the Wexford
liberty justice administration, put out the prior and took possession[298]
1514: absentees Earl of Shrewsbury, Duke
of Norfolk and Lord Berkeley told to become activity involved in their Irish
estates = Lord Berkeley appoint Archbishop Kite as his attorney in Carlow &
Wexford = no evidence Norfolk appointed an Irish attorney[299]
1515: it was suggested that the
re-conquest and reform of Ireland should begin in South Leinster and push back
the Kavanagh, O’Byrne and O’Toole families who are weak. English captains with
little attachments in England be given various properties and settle English
tenants [early plantation scheme] = abbeys near the Irish be suppressed [30
years before the Reformation] and given to these captains as their chief
fortresses = Dunbrody, Tintern, Duiske and Baltinglass in one parcel; Old Ross
and the fassagh of Bentry (Benntraige or Bargy?) another parcel; the castles of
Carlow, Leighlin, Rathvilly and Clonmore; the lordship of Wexford with the
castles of Ferns, Kevyne, Wicklow, Rathlown, Powerstown and Arklow as another
parcel = these properties were owned by religious orders, absentee landlords
and Irish resident landlords[300]
1515, circa: only half of County Wexford
is subject to the king’s law = proposal that settlers from every English parish
be settled in Ulster & in the land between Dublin & New Ross &
Wexford[301]
1518: Gerald Fitzgerald, 9th
Earl of Kildare, held the manor of Dyppys and the manor of Enniscorthy with
other property include part of the manor of Old Ross[302]
1518-9: Earl Kildare entered Wexford to
collect coign & livery among hisown tenants & those of Earl Shrewsbury[303]
1519: Earl Shrewsbury got warrant to arm
40 retainers & set to Wexford to stop rebels withholding revenues[304]
1520: Cardinal Wolsey asked to settle
that ongoing dispute between Waterford and New Ross on liberties and trading
rights considering the great cost to both towns, especially New Ross[305]
1520: Earl Shrewsbury appoint Englishman
John Bikley or Dickley as seneschal with power to grant new copyholds[306]
1524: the Earl of Kildare was appointed
Lord Deputy of Ireland with a list of various instructions including number 14
that “He is to cause sheriffs, escheators, coroners and other officers to be
made yearly in the shires of Meath, Dublin, Louth, Wexford, Kilkenny,
Tipperary, Waterford and Limerick and appoint justices of the peace in each
shire and hold quarter sessions[307]
1525: the Earl of Ormond took 40 marks,
as a penalty, from the seneschal of the county of Wexford because the latter
took part with Kildare against the king’s Irish enemies[308]
1534: the Earl of Shrewsbury holds the
liberty of Wexford but administrates little justice and the king receives
little revenue except the poundage of Wexford town[309]
1534: Kildare liberty described as a
‘pretended liberty’ and London ordered it abolished[310]
1534: Piers Butler, Earl of Ossory,
grants 60 years lease of all his Irish property to Thomas Lord Berkeley[311]
1535: the treasurer of war in Ireland
recommends to Cromwell that the king should seize the county of Wexford and
castle of Carlow and other lands from spiritual men in England and banish the
Irish inhabitants[312]
1536: act of absentees that Thomas
Howard, Duke of Norfolk and Lord Berkeley claim as ancestral inheritance the
seigniory and lordship of Carlow, Old Ross and various other manors. George
Talbot, Earl of Waterford and Shropshire, claims the seigniory of Wexford … by
their negligence and disorder thereof, and especially within the counties of
Carlow and Wexford … the king shall have, hold and enjoy all honours, manors,
castles, seigniories, hundreds, franchises, liberties, county palatines etc[313]
1536: inquisition of the lordship of
Carlow held by Norfolk and Berkeley say in County Wexford that they have the
manors of Fassabentre, Innescorty (Enniscorthy) and Dypse with the castle and
manor of Ferns and the villa of Old Ross.[314]=
some of these properties were granted by King Richard II to Sir John Beaumont
in 1395[315]=
the inquisition to the lands of the Earl of Shrewsbury says he holds the manor
of Rosslare, Ballymore, Balmaskellers, Barge, and Kyldowan along with the town
of Wexford with various chief rents[316]
= most of these lands lie in south Wexford = it appears that the Earl of
Shrewsbury recovered some of his estate as in the time of Charles 1, the family
of FitzNichol held Ballycowan in Forth as of the Earl of Shrewsbury’s castle of
Wexford[317]
1536: acts of the Dublin parliament,
chapter 24: that the liberty of the county of Wexford shall be continued and
put in execution in like manner and in the same strength and effect as George,
the now Earl of Shrewsbury had since the first grant of the said liberty[318] =
act of Parliament 28 Henry VIII 24 liberty of Wexford = Act of parliament 28
Henry VIII 32 town of Wexford[319]
= full reading of act 28H24 relating to the liberty of Wexford and of 28H32 to
Wexford town[320]
1536, January: unless Kavanagh, O’Byrne
& O’Toole be reformed the king’s peace not secured but difficult to banish
the three nations = instead build fortresses among them & get them to
submit[321]
1536, June: 300 horsemen should be
resident in County Wexford and Ferns castle (held by the lord treasurer) and
there used to survey the king’s new lands and win back the country occupied by
the Kavanaghs and O’Byrnes between Dublin and Wexford by March 1537 (new style)
and clear of Irish and available for English settlers[322]
1536, summer: Alex Keating says a
parliament act by Cromwell gives Wexford county the same liberty as enjoyed
under the Earl of Shrewsbury excepting the four pleas, burning houses, rape,
forestalling & treasure trove = ask that all rights of Wexford be written
into the act as the Dublin administration would interfere = let liberty
officers be Englishmen and resident in the county = co. gentlemen paid £40 to
Cromwell to obtain their liberty = let no coign & livery by Dublin
administration be imposed on Wexford[323]
1536, July: Ferns castle was taken from McMurrough
and garrisoned = one of the most ancient and strongest castles in Ireland =
former property of Earl of Shrewsbury or Duke of Norfolk [Thomas Alen didn’t
know which] = worth 500 marks and a strong base to re-conquer north Wexford[324]
1536/7: breviat of Chief Baron Finglas
on re-conquest of Ireland [written at various times between 1524 & 1537]
recommended suppressing abbeys of Duiske, Graney, Dunbrody, Tintern and
Baltinglass as they support the Irish more that the English [see 1515 above] =
give various places to English lords, knights & gentlemen including Old
Ross with fassagh Bentry, the castles of Leighlin, Carlow, Rathvilly, Clonmore,
Ferns and others; the lordship of Wexford; divide the lands of Kavanagh,
O’Byrne and O’Toole among English captains[325]
1537, January: sovereign and council of
Wexford ask that Selskar priory be changed into a college with the prior as
parson and governor and the canons as priests = the greater part of the priory
tithes are held by the king’s enemies[326]
1537, March (new style): county Wexford
borders the Kavanaghs = the king leased certain lands in the fassagh of
Banauntrey (Benntraige alias Bantry or Bargy?) to Richard Butler yet McMurough
Kavanagh judges inhabit the district and Irish rymers daily take and destroy
from the king’s poor subjects of County Wexford[327]
1537, June: Walter Browne, John Devereux
& Alex Keating acknowledge the grant of wages to William St Leo, Watkin ap
Powell and 46 others for the defence of Wexford liberty = seek lease of king’s
revenues to fund defence; right to appoint officers and pay county officers in
exchange for 100 marks per year to Irish exchequer = king’s revenue 250 marks
of which £44 used to pay clerks and liberty officers = Earl of Shrewsbury’s
farmers previously appointed officers[328]
1537, June: sovereign and commons of
Wexford ask for remission of the chief rents to the king to help the town fund
its defences as Waterford and other towns = earl of Shrewsbury’s officers would
allow the town hold the rent[329]
1537, July: king instructs Irish
commissioners to present various acts to parliament including the continuation
of the Wexford liberty[330]
1537, September: James Sherlock
appointed king’s receiver in Wexford & have some honest farm for his fee[331]
1537, October: Durbrordy Island or Great
Island in Wexford granted to Piers Butler, Earl of Ossory, along with various
ancient properties of the Earls of Ormond across Kilkenny, Tipperary,
Waterford, Kildare, Carlow, Meath, modern Wicklow and Dublin by letters patent[332]
1537, October: Acts of Parliament for
the continuation of the liberty of Wexford and another act confirming the
ancient liberties of Wexford town[333]
1537: presentment of jury of Wexford
town recalling various crimes since the start of the reign by Kavanagh,
Keating, Roche (who burnt a church with people inside) and others[334]
1537: presentment by the shire of
Wexford of various crimes including Irish attacking Ross, Earl Ossory robbing
people, others using papal bulls = Ferns abbey & Durbard’s Island are the
king’s property[335]
1537: presentment of commons of Wexford
that Earl Ossory seized the king’s castle on Durbard’s Island from constable
John Devereux & seized Mountgarrett by Ross & Dunbrody lands = barony
Carnew and manor Ferns are the king’s property = Kavanagh holds Enniscorthy =
other crimes 22 to 28 Henry VIII[336]
1537: presentment of Ross town of
various crimes committed on the town by Anglo-Irish families in county Wexford
in company with the Kavanaghs = property within the franchise fell to the king
by treason of Thomas Bryton & others = citizens of Waterford with Spanish,
French, Breton and Irish bombarded Ross in May 10 Henry VIII (1519)[337]
1537: the attained Earl of Kildare held
the tithes of Killeugh in County Wexford, worth 27s, his only possession in
that county[338]
= this is in contrast to 1518 above = in 1630s the Kildare estate in County
Wexford included much of the 1518 estate which were returned to the Kildare
estate by Philip & Mary = includes Deep manor, part of manor of Old Ross,
Killankie manor, Sowey manor, = some property was purchased into the Kildare
estate in the time of Queen Elizabeth[339]
= [one document may not give the full story – a few documents can – yet often
we are just left with the one document]
1537: the king gathers little revenue
from the four counties of Tipperary, Waterford, Kilkenny and Wexford except
where the Earl of Kildare or Earl of Ormond has property in three of the our
shires[340]
1537: a memorial presented to Leonard
Grey on the re-conquest of South Leinster [State Papers Henry VIII, vol. 1, no.
162] repeats an earlier breviat on the conquest of south Leinster by Patrick
Finglas[341]
= the 1537 paper recommends creating an Earl of Carlow with possession of the
manors of Baltinglass abbey, Rathvilly, Clonmore, Carlow, Idrone barony, and
all the property of James Fitzgerald along with title of lord of Ferns with the
manor of Ferns = English captains be appointed to various locations and
maintain a military force for 2 or 3 years = areas include Enniscorthy and its
barony; Duiske abbey and adjoining barony; Old Ross and the fassagh of Bentry =
Irish people living in England be returned to settle in various towns of
including Ferns, Enniscorthy, Ross, Leighlinbridge, Carlow, and Castledermot[342]
1537: the four counties above the Barrow
should have their justice administrated from a court in Waterford until the
Kavanagh, O’Byrne and O’Toole are banished = fees paid to Wexford liberty
officers and priory St. Katherine by Waterford pay for this[343]
1538: William St. Lowe to Thomas
Cromwell says he only has the seneschalship of Wexford (worth 25 marks) to live
on as the property he was granted borders the Kavanaghs and he can’t get the 25
marks per year[344]
1538: Walter Cowley asks Thomas
Wriothesley to get letters from Lord Cromwell to help a plaintiff at the
Wexford county assize court who could lose his land if he lost[345]
1538: Sir Richard Butler appointed
constable of Ferns castle, displacing the Kavanagh hold = he was last
Anglo-Irish constable as he was succeeded by new English constables[346]
1539: writ issued 1st July by
William St. Lowe, seneschal of Wexford for an inquisition into the rights and
powers of the liberty = 15th July sheriff’s precept to Edmund Nangle
and Stephen Rowe to assemble a jury = 8th August inquisition held
before Hamund Stafford, sheriff of Wexford which said that Wexford is a county
palatine which has existed for time immemorial and its powers are described[347]
= officers hold all pleas except four; arson, rape, forestall and treasure
trove; correction of officers in the crossland by lord deputy commissioners;
liberty officers are seneschal, chancellor, judge, treasurer, escheator,
sheriff, coroner and constable; chancellor has chancery court; all in the towns
of Rosponte, Old Ross in Bentry, Arklow, Ferns, Carrig on Bannow are answerable
to the liberty officers = attorney of the liberty lord with 4 or 6 justices of
the peace[348]
1539, September: Robert Cowley to Lord
Privy Seal saying, among other things, that the liberty of Wexford should be
dissolved[349]
1539: John Devereux of Wexford to Thomas
Cromwell describes how he and his family served the Earls of Shrewsbury as
lords of Wexford = how Anthony St. Leger was chancellor of the county palatine
but his patent was disallowed by John Allen, the lord chancellor of Ireland and
others = James White, justice of the liberty also serves as recorder of
Waterford and justice in Tipperary for Lord Ossory and can’t live in Wexford
and desires to retire = John Devereux seeks the job of justice of Wexford at
£10 fee and not at the present reduced fee because the chancellors were mere
unlearned keepers of the seal[350]
1539: R. Cowley to Thomas Cromwell says
that St. Lowe keeps his Wexford troops away from the Lord Deputy and
instead pillages the countryside = says
the liberty of Wexford should be dissolved[351]
1540-1621: the McMurrough Kavanaghs and
other Kavanaghs held actual possession of the barony of Scarawalsh including
Ferns, Enniscorthy and Clohamon = the crown spent the next one hundreds trying
to gain control[352]
1541: the various properties of the Earl
of Shrewsbury in Wexford were worth nothing because their revenue was in the
account of James Sherlock, receiver of Wexford County[353]
1542: the king receives little revenue
from the subsidies due out of Counties Wexford and Waterford and the abbey of
Glascarrig which is in Kavanagh country[354]
1542: employ those receiving fees out of
Wexford liberty to be a council of learned men to discuss the better government
of Limerick and Waterford city[355]
1543: king’s revenue from Ireland
included the fees of the officers of the county and liberty of Wexford
1543-1571: long process of surrender and
regrant of the Kavanagh lands in Scarawalsh and north Wexford[356]
1544: Henry Draycott came from
Derbyshire to Ireland and was made treasurer of the lordship of Wexford and
received crown lands there for his income. he went on to become chief
remembrancer and then chancellor of the exchequer and MP for Naas in 1559 and
master of the rolls in 1566 acquiring forfeited estates in Meath and Louth
along the way[357]
1546: Lord Chancellor Alen replies to
English Privy Council to various ‘false’ charges against him including that he
never infringed the liberty of Wexford and awarded no process other than the
English chancellor does in English liberties = and although liberty officers
often make false returns, Alen doesn’t amerce them[358]
1549: Wexford and Carlow within the list
of counties that obey the king’s rule[359]
1549: plans for the Kavanagh lordship
around Ferns be made into a county with Walter Cowley as sheriff thereof = two
seneschals to serve among the Irish of Leinster[360]
1553: Francis Agarde was constable of
Ferns castle and in 1554 made constable of Wexford castle. Afterwards prefect
or seneschal of Wexford[361]
1553: the Lord Deputy lately met
McMurough Kavanagh and received his obedience = English captains placed at
Leighlin, Ferns and Enniscorthy and some at St Mullins and between Kavanagh and
County Wexford to contain him[362]
1556: the officers of Wexford to be paid
from the Dublin exchequer accounts[363]
1556: proposals to have a garrison at
Ferns and let the bishop of Ferns be resident there = north Wexford needs to be
secured or there will be no peace[364]
1558: proposal, repeating earlier
proposals, for the creation of an Earl of Carlow and lord of Ferns to control
an area extending from County Carlow across north Wexford to Ferns and
Enniscorthy = it also talks of a garrison at Glascarrig decayed priory, Ferns
and Enniscorthy suggesting that these places were as yet unsettled[365]
1559: parliament act to make the area of
O’Byrne country, O’Toole, Imaal, Kinsellagh and Ferter into a shire with
Wicklow as the shire town = make Arklow to Glascarrig into a shire = make
Kavanagh country into a shire based on Ferns = make McMurroug’s (MacVaddock) land
and part of Mountgarrett’s land into a shire with Enniscorthy as the shire town
= that only Wexford be a port for international trade with others but not New
Ross = wine limit imports to Wexford of 80 tuns = ask Mountgarret to leave
Enniscorthy and replace with English captain = if Heron leaves Ferns replace
with a junior officer[366]
1562: the Kavanaghs hold parts of
Wexford and Carlow and their chief claims to be king of Leinster = lately under
Queen’s obedience = contain them with an English captain in the Queen’s castles
of Leighlin, Ferns and Enniscorthy and district with 20 harquebuziers and 20
horsemen = authority to collect £360 rent from the Kavanagh and command the
queens forces in Counties Carlow and Wexford with authority of martial law[367]
1566: Wexford was cessed in place of
Louth to pay for a border army as Louth was already paying for the Newry
garrison[368]
1566: Anthony Colclough desired extra 30
year lease on Tintern abbey to fortify it which the queen agreed but was not
implemented and in 1568 the queen had to renew her desire for the extension of
the lease[369]
1566: Wexford to be restored to its
previous civil state with the suppression of the rebellion by the O’Tooles,
O’Byrnes and Kavanaghs[370]
1566: the bishop of Ferns has put away
the revenues of the bishopric for his sons[371]
= Nicholas Devereux, a ward of the Earl of Shrewsbury, wishes to become bishop
of Ferns and retain the deanery because the living is small[372]
1568: the Lord Deputy should restore to
the Earl of Kildare the former estates of his family but exclude the manor of
Old Ross and other lands in the county of Wexford that did not belong to the
Earl and came to the crown by other title[373]
1568: the Queen says Arthur Keating to
be restored his father’s fee farm of Kilcony in County Wexford seized by Henry
VIII from his father by reason of treason = Richard Devereux of Wexford to have
21 year lease of property and facilities around the towns of Wexford and
Enniscorthy[374]
1568: Edward Fitzsimons to be justice of
Wexford[375]
1568: Carrickfergus and Wexford supply
timber to the Earl of Argyll to build galleys so that Sorley Boy can invade
Antrim from Scotland = soldiers were sent to Carrickfergus to stop this trade =
orders sent to Wexford to stop trading[376]
1568: the O’Byrnes and Kavanaghs of
Wexford are quiet[377]
1568: New Ross imports 100 tuns of wine
while Wexford imports 60 tuns at a duty of 40s a ton most other ports import
200 tuns and above with Galway the top port with 1,000 tuns[378]
1568: a proposal by Joseph Brett that
Munster and the county known as Wexford be granted to various good subjects of
the king in return for a variable rent assessed on land quality[379]
1568: Nicholas White appointed seneschal
of Wexford[380]
1569: Thomas Stukeley, late of
Enniscorthy was seneschal of Wexford[381]=
Nicholas White replaced Stukeley as constable of Wexford castle[382]
Sir Nicholas Heron was made constable of Ferns but went off to England and left
it to a local person = Cecil would like Nicholas White to be seneschal of
Wexford = White was to get the ward of Leighlin house but Sidney gave it to
somebody else on Carew’s recommendation[383]
1569: Thomas Masterson, constable of
Ferns, accuses Stukeley of evil practices = White to be seneschal of Wexford at
own cost although White wants the considerable that previous seneschals got[384]
1569: Stukeley became seneschal of
Wexford and then ran it without consider of the Queen’s will = Heron wants to
be seneschal of Wexford[385]
1569: proposed bills in parliament to
include the bishop and chapter of Ferns to reside in Wexford town = the grants
of bishops Purcell and Alexander of Ferns to be declared void[386]
1569: Francis Agard patrolling north
Wexford between Arklow, Ferns and the Barrow[387]
1569: act of parliament 11 Eliz 9 reads
an act for turning of counties that be not yet shire grounds into shire grounds[388]
1569: proposed that Sir Nicholas
Devereux be appointed captain of County Wexford with power to levy cess to pay
for the army[389]
1570: Nicholas White trying to rule
Wexford by law which is an ancient county palatine with well-established
borders = White says other counties ruled by captains would be better served if
ruled by law[390]
1570: Nicholas White is responsible for
the government of Wexford and justice for travellers in 35 mile zone. He
punished the Kavanaghs by spilling blood but his position is under treat.[391]
1570: Wexford paid £300 on wine customs
and fines relating to leases and pardons while Ross paid £8 8s 8d[392]
1571: Captain Thomas Masterson as
sheriff of Wexford retains 11 men[393]
1571: Nicholas White is seneschal of
Wexford[394]
= he lives on a fee of £25 Irish[395]
1571: Thomas Stukeley is in league with
Catholic armies in Europe[396]
1572: Nicholas White, seneschal of
Wexford, petitions for farms and goods of felons as previous seneschals had to
maintain his office.[397]
Lord Deputy Fitzwilliam recommends the house of Enniscorthy as the seat of the
seneschal of Wexford for White[398]
= house of Enniscorthy kept for the seneschal as long as that office remains[399]
1572: Thomas Masterson desires to be
seneschal of Wexford[400]
1572: the various branches of the
Kavanaghs hold property in Counties Wexford and Carlow but are in a weaken
state with few horsemen and thieves on foot and can be easily brought within
the law[401]
1572: Richard Synnott of Ballybrennan
holds Enniscorthy friary & manor along with Clohamon, Downe & lands of
Donal O Morrow = Thomas Masterson holds Ferns manor & abbey lands[402]
1572, June: cess levied on the five
counties of The Pale (Louth, Meath, Westmeath, Dublin, and Kildare) and Wexford[403]
1573: County Wexford sent Anthony Power
as their agent to visit Secretary Walsingham to discuss the reimbursement of
cess levied on County Wexford backdated to 1558[404]
1577: died Francis Agarde and buried in
Christ Church, Dublin. The monument erected by his son-in-law, Henry Harrigton,
records in Latin that Agarde was = postea comitatui Wexfordiae praepositus =
afterwards appointed prefect of Co. Wexford = prefect is assumed to mean
seneschal of Wexford[405]
1579: all but a few in County Wexford
have taken on the Irish habit, armour, laws and exactions = Wexford town pay £6
13s 4d in cess like Youghal and behind places like Cork £13 6s 8d, Waterford
£20 and Kilkenny £10 = Earl Ormond holds Arklow and three shires around it[406]
1580s: the seneschal of Wexford assumed
the rights of two manors by a new lease to the loss of the incumbent tenant.
The tenant appealed to the Irish Privy Council and recovered his property[407]
1584-99 circa: Sir Henry Wallop asks for
enrolment of an indenture of temp Henry III between the Bishop of Ferns on the
one part and Philip de Prendergast and Matilda de Guerney one the other part
relating to land at Clone in Co. Wexford[408]
= the New English recognised Wexford as the place where the Norman conquest
began and so the Tudor re-conquest begins in Wexford = Wallop reaches back as
far as he can go to re-begin the conquest
1586: the queen ordered that sheriffs
and justices of the peace replace captains and seneschals wherever possible,
and she proscribed the use of martial law by sheriffs[409]
1586: Henry Wallop acquired Sinnott
interest in Enniscorthy manor & friary[410]
1588: Thomas Masterson seneschal of
Wexford[411]
1592: the land between County Dublin and
County Wexford is not yet shire ground[412]
1593: the Earl of Ormond owned Clonmines
in Wexford[413]
= granted in 1247 as part of the liberty of Kildare to Agatha Mortimer,
daughter of Sibyl Marshal, wife of William Ferrers[414]
1593: Sir Richard Shee of Kilkenny
granted to Edmund Butler Fitz Theobald of Kilkenny various properties of the
Earl of Ormond across Kilkenny, Tipperary, Carlow, Waterford, Kildare, Dublin
and the place known as Durbard Island or Great Island in Co. Wexford to have
for 37 years with remainder to the Earl of Ormond and various branches of the
Butler family[415]
1594: letters patent granting Dermot
MacMorish Kavanagh various lands in north Wexford previously belonging to two
other Kavanagh gentlemen who were attained[416]
1594-1603: the mountains between Carlow
and Arklow hold rebel and pestering Irish[417]
1598: south Wexford described as the
most civil part of the county = the vast majority of the 65 surviving tower
houses in Wexford are in the baronies of Forth and Bargy with few in the north[418]
= suggesting little Anglo-Irish occupation of north Wexford in the 16th
century
1599: Donal Spainneach Kavanagh was in
rebellion & he would come in if his land title was secured = seneschal of
Wexford and others were to examine this title[419]
1601: Thomas, Earl of Ormond, ultimate
owner of the manor of Great Island in Wexford agrees to transfer the manor from
Robert Rothe and Henry Shee to Edward Gough, Richard Comerford and Patrick St.
Leger[420]
= 1602 the Great Island was part of the entailed lands of the late Earl of
Ormond[421]
1602: officers of Wexford liberty =
Richard Masterson, seneschal £20p.a., Philip Hoare, receiver £20p.a., and David
Hoare, serjeant £20p.a.[422]
1603, March: Great Island in Wexford
part of the feoffment of various Ormond properties across Kilkenny, Tipperary,
Carlow, Kildare and Dublin given in trust to Sir Nicholas Walsh and others with
remainder to the Earl of Ormond and various branches of the Butler family[423]
1603: Richard Masterson seneschal of the
Wexford liberty[424]
1604: the following offices shall cease
or death or resign of present holders = including offices of the Wexford
liberty = seneschal £20 p.a., justice £20 p.a., receiver £20 p.a. and serjeant
£20 p.a. = the lands are in the king’s hand and those belonging to the county
palatine now cease[425]
= there is no set end date of the liberty of Wexford = the liberty and the new
county administration appears to have over lapped each other with the county
gaining more power as each officer holder died or retired
1606: north Wexford was included in the
new shire of Wexford[426]
1606: the royal writ rarely extended to
north Wexford & Wicklow[427]
1606: king’s instructions to Lord Deputy
Chichester include the cessation of all offices of the liberty of Wexford on
the death of the present holders[428]
1608: Sir William Synnott surrendered
his office of justice of the liberties of County Wexford & his fee of £20
p.a. to the crown & received £80 by return[429]
1608, July: grand panel of the County of
Wexford = 30 JPs, 6 coroners, 2 constables to each of 8 baronies (7 baronies
named – no Shelmalire), 3 towns with a portreeve & 221 gentlemen across 8
baronies[430]
= the liberty of Wexford appears to have ended after 361 years
1611: Sir Henry Wallop granted the
spiritualities of Selsker abbey and the manor and friary of Enniscorthy in
common socage forever[431]
1612: doubts expressed that the 1535 act
of absentee against Earl of Shrewsbury took away his Wexford property and the
title of Earl of Waterford = in 1831 the then Earl of Shrewsbury said the act didn’t
removed the earldom title[432]
1612-18: plantation of north Wexford
gave 50% to New English, 14% to Old English and 36% to Irish owners[433]
1614: the fishermen on the Wexford coast
receive a confirmation of their freedom from duty on herrings caught & on
salt & beer imported from England[434]
1618: Kavanagh members granted property
under the Wexford plantation = one, Art MacDermot Kavanagh gets land and the
creation of a manor of Ballingarry[435]
1620-40: eleven New English planters
compensate for planters who didn’t settle their lands and expand their north
Wexford holdings and four persons take Irish holdings (reduced 36% to 27%) =
Old English possessions also decline to gain of New English[436]
Carlow/Wexford
1415, May: Appointment of Thomas Moyn,
Patrick Coterell & Robert Dullard to inquire by oath in Cos. Kildare,
Carlow, Wexford, Kilkenny, Waterford, Tipperary, Cork & Limerick, & in
the crosslands of the same, concerning seditions, felonies, conspiracies
against the peace; & concerning trespasses made upon the K.'s possessions
within the counties & crosslands, with power to arrest[437]
1420, December: appointment of John
Lumbard, […] Stafford, Robert Folyng, William […] & […] Baldewyne to
inquire in Cos. Carlow, Wexford, & five other counties concerning treasons,
felonies etc.; & concerning religious who have acquired possessions at
Mortmain; & concerning labourers and false weights; & hold, hear &
determine all contempts & pleas[438]
1421, January: appointment of Maurice
Stafford, Robert Folyng, William fitz Gerald, Patrick Cotterell, John Chevyr,
William Baldewyne & Stephen […] as justices to inquire in Cos. Carlow,
Wexford, & six other counties, & the crosslands, concerning treasons
[etc.], & concerning religious persons who may have acquired possessions at
Mortmain[439]
1425, June: appointment of Robert
Folynge, Maurice Stafford, John Sutton, Nicholas Dewrous, Walter Whitey &
John Goghe as justices to inquire in Cos. Carlow, Wexford & five other
counties & the crosslands of same, concerning treasons & all other
trespasses[440]
1425-1427, February: Maurice Stafford
& Robert Folyng pleaded they were occupied upon the King’s business from 21
June 1425 until 6 Feb. [1427] last concerning the above, sustaining great
labours & costs, without reward. They sought reward = King granted £6 of
his gift as a reward on March 1426 last, = exchequer say nothing paid = order to
pay him those £6 or assign it in debts[441]
1458: act of parliament 36 Henry VI 5
chief sergeants in shires, liberties and franchises liable for returns[442]
1522: judicial commission sent to the
counties of Carlow, Wexford, Kilkenny, Tipperary, Limerick and Cork and the
cross-lands of same[443]
1533: act of parliament 25 Henry VIII
include abbey lands in Carlow and Wexford to be given to the king[444]
1539: Lord Deputy Grey heard legal cases
in Carlow, Kilkenny, New Ross, Waterford, Wexford and Clonmel[445]
1566: a sheriff is needed in the civil
parts of Dublin, Kilkenny, Carlow and Wexford to hear cases under common law
and oyer and terminer[446]
1566: the list of impositions upon counties
return £1,700 for Wexford and £1,200 for Carlow while the spoils for Wexford
and Carlow amount to £1,300[447]
1566: in Kavanagh country, Murrough’s
country, Mac Edmund Duff’s country Mac Davy Mor’s country and MacVadoug’s
country lying partly in Counties Wexford and Carlow, Nicholas Heron, captain of
Leighlin and Ferns, is appointed seneschal of Wexford = seneschals appointed to
different parts of Dublin and Wicklow, where like Wexford, these areas to be
govern by common law with Brehon law excluded[448]
1567: Counties Carlow and Wexford have,
besides their sheriffs, Thomas Stukeley who is seneschal of Wexford and captain
of Leighlinbridge[449]
= Francis Cosby was seneschal of Laois = Henry Colley was seneschal of Offaly
and both counties had sheriffs[450]
1568: the Earl of Kildare seeks
restoration of his father’s estates = make surveys in Meath, Westmeath, Dublin,
Kildare, Queen’s, King’s and Carlow to be restored = but the Earls claims in
certain parts of Meath, Kildare and Wexford to be dismissed as the queen has
better claims to title[451]
1568: Thomas Stukeley was constable of Wexford,
Ferns and Leighlin until ordered remove by Sidney on the queen’s instructions =
Sir Nicholas Heron offered these positions but died so offered to Nicholas
White = if council of Munster established then lessen the charges on Leighlin[452]
1569: Nicholas White to have lease of
Dunbrody abbey and the parsonage of Baltinglass along with properties in other
counties[453]
1569: proposed bills in parliament to
include the resumption of all franchises, liberties and jurisdictions to
assemble, guide and govern, except the liberties of Tipperary and Kerry[454]
1569: Nicholas White has do a good job
as constable of Leighlin and he proposes to declare martial law in Wexford to
remove some rebels there[455]
1569: Earl of Ormond told to keep the
junior Butler families in Carlow and Wexford under control[456]
1571: the Irish counties adjoining the
Pale were lately made shire ground by act of parliament and are now in good
obedience[457]
1572: the government had successfully extended
its muster roll to include the Counties of King’s, Queen’s, Kilkenny, Carlow
and Wexford[458]
1573: the government placed a cess of
the Pale counties and on Carlow and Wexford to pay for the rebellion of the
O’Connors[459]
1570s: Wexford contributed its requirements
to cess but at only half what Louth could pay, yet it could provide victuals.
Carlow and Tipperary provided less than Kilkenny and were poor on victuals
because they had less cultivated land[460]
1579: the Gerrard report recommended
that the chief justice of the common pleas should hear cases in Cos. Queen’s,
Carlow, Kilkenny, Wexford, Waterford and Tipperary[461]
1586: Wexford and Carlow were included
in the area subject to composition in lieu of cess which included the other
counties of King’s, Queen’s, Tipperary, Kilkenny and the Pale[462]
1594: the Earl of Ormond allowed to
execute martial law within the Pale which area was defined as including Dublin,
Kildare, Queen’s, Carlow, Kilkenny, and Wexford[463]
1596: the Earl of Ormond made military
commander in Counties Dublin, Kildare, Carlow, Kilkenny, King’s and Queen’s and
Wexford[464]
1605: the Lord Chief Justice & the
Chief Baron set the formal boundary between Carlow & Wexford which
presently was uncertain thus allowing people to escape justice[465]
1617: the Earl of Arundel seeks recovery
of ancestral estates in Ireland[466]
1633, May: King Charles instructs Lord
Deputy Stafford to find an Irish estate for the Earl of Arundel[467]
1634: Walter Synnot and John Murffy
attempt to recover the Earl of Kildare estate in County Wexford that is known
and hidden[468]
1635: the Earl of Arundel desires to
recover Carlow, Old Ross and Wexford as ancestral property[469]
Later
Liberties
1617: the palatine liberty of Tipperary
was abolished because Earl Ormond lost his court case against the friend of
King James, Richard Preston[470]
1621: the palatine liberty of Tipperary
was resumed by the crown[471]
1662: the palatine liberty of Tipperary
was restored to James Butler, 12th Earl of Ormond and 1st
Duke of Ormond and extended to cover the baronies of Arra and Owney and the
cross lands of Tipperary[472]
1716: the palatine liberty of Tipperary
was abolished by act of parliament because of the attainder of the 2nd
Duke rather than any ideas of reforming local government[473]
1757: the archbishop of Dublin was
unsuccessful at introducing a bill in parliament to abolish the liberty of St.
Patrick located within the liberty of St. Sepulchre[474]
1856: the liberty of St. Sepulchre was
abolished by act of parliament and its legal functions passed to such courts of
law as would have enjoyed such authority if the liberty had not existed[475]
================
End of post
================
[1] Thirty-fifth report of the Deputy Keeper of the
Public Records in Ireland (Dublin, 1903); Thirty-sixth
report of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records in Ireland (Dublin,
1904); Thirty-eighth report of the Deputy
Keeper of the Public Records in Ireland (Dublin, 1906); Thirty-ninth report of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records in
Ireland (Dublin, 1907); Forty-second
report of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records in Ireland (Dublin,
1911); Forty-fourth report of the Deputy
Keeper of the Public Records in Ireland (Dublin, 1912)
[2] Mills, J. (ed.), Calendar of
the justiciary rolls, Ireland, vol. 1, 1295-1303 (Dublin, 1905); Mills, J.
(ed.), Calendar of the justiciary rolls,
Ireland, vol. II, 1305-1307 (Dublin, 1914); Griffith, M.C. (ed.), Calendar of the justiciary rolls, Ireland,
vol. III, 1308-1314 (Dublin, 1956)
[3] Leslie,
Rev, J., Ferns Clergy and Parishes
(Dublin, 1936)
[4] Orpen, GH., Ireland under the Normans, 1169-1333 (Dublin, 2005), Vol. III, pp. 79, 80
[5] Orpen, Ireland under the
Normans, 1169-1333, Vol. III, pp. 81-85
[6] Orpen, Ireland under the
Normans, 1169-1333, Vol. III, pp. 85-89
[7] Lydon, J., ‘The expansion and consolidation of the colony,
1215-54’, in Art Cosgrove (ed.), A new
history of Ireland, volume II, Medieval Ireland, 1169-1534 (Oxford, 2008),
pp. 156-178, at p. 173
[8] Colfer, B., Arrogant
Trespass: Anglo-Norman Wexford 1169-1400 (Enniscorthy, 2002), p. 72
[9] Colfer, Arrogant Trespass:
Anglo-Norman Wexford 1169-1400, p. 74, referring to Cal. Doc. Ire., 1, no. 2983
[10] Orpen, Ireland under the
Normans, 1169-1333, Vol. III, p. 102; Sweetman, H.S. (ed.), Calendar of Documents relating to Ireland
(London, 1877, reprint Liechtenstein, 1974), vol. II (1252-1284), no. 1330
[11] The Complete Peerage (Gloucester, 1987), vol. IV, p. 199
[12] Sharp, J.E.E.S. (ed.), Inquisitions Post Mortem, Volume IV, Edward 1 (London, 1913, reprint Liechtenstein, 1973), no. 373
[13] Brooks, Eric St. John, Knights’ fees in Counties Wexford, Carlow and Kilkenny, 13th-15th Century (Dublin, 1950), pp. 1, 2
[14] Colfer, B. ‘Anglo-Norman Settlement in Co. Wexford’, in Kevin
Whelan & William Nolan (eds.), Wexford:
History and Society, Interdisciplinary Essays on the History of an Irish County
(Dublin, 1987), pp. 65-101, at p. 72
[15] Brooks, Knights’ fees in
Counties Wexford, Carlow and Kilkenny, 13th-15th Century,
p. 11
[16] Lydon, J., ‘A land of war’, in Art Cosgrove (ed.), A new history of Ireland, volume II,
Medieval Ireland, 1169-1534 (Oxford, 2008), pp. 240-274, at p. 265
[17] Brewer, J.S., & Bullen, W. (eds.), Calendar of the Carew Manuscripts persevered in the archiepiscopal library at Lambeth (London, 1871, reprint Liechtenstein, 1974), Vol. 5, p. 232
[18] Brooks, Knights’ fees in Counties Wexford, Carlow and Kilkenny, 13th-15th Century, pp. 3, 4
[19] Dryburgh, P. & Smith, B. (eds.), Handbook and Select Calendar of Sources for Medieval Ireland in the
National Archives of the United Kingdom (Dublin, 2005), p. 49
[20] Curtis, E. (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, 1172-1350 A.D. (Dublin, 1932), no. 529
[21] Connolly, P. (ed.), Irish Exchequer
Payments, 1270-1446 (Dublin, 1998), p. 405
[22] Connolly (ed.), Irish
Exchequer Payments, 1270-1446, p. 442
[23] Connolly (ed.), Irish
Exchequer Payments, 1270-1446, pp. 460, 469
[24] The Complete Peerage, vol. X, p. 393
[25] Dryburgh, P., & Smith, B., ‘Calendar of documents relating to
medieval Ireland in the series of ancient deeds in the National Archives of the
United Kingdom’, in Analecta Hibernica,
No. 39 (2006), pp. 1-61, at pp. 47, 48
[26] Brooks, Knights’ fees in
Counties Wexford, Carlow and Kilkenny, 13th-15th Century,
p. 36
[27] Wells-Furby, B. (ed.), A catalogue of the medieval muniments at Berkeley Castle (2 vols. Bristol & Gloucestershire Archaeological Society, 2004), Vol. 2, p. 685, D1/1/27
[28] The Complete Peerage, vol. X, p. 377
[29] Lydon, J., The Lordship of
Ireland in the Middle Ages (Dublin, 2003), p. 92
[30] Dryburgh, & Smith, ‘Calendar of documents’, in Analecta Hibernica, No. 39 (2006), pp.
1-61, at p. 34
[31] Connolly, P., ‘Irish material in the class of Ancient Petitions
(SC8) in the Public Record Office, London’, in Analecta Hibernica, No. 34 (1987), pp. 1-106, at p. 94
[32] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/14-edward-i/8
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[33] Brooks, Knights’ fees in
Counties Wexford, Carlow and Kilkenny, 13th-15th Century,
p. 16
[34] Lydon, ‘A land of war’, pp. 240-274, at p. 260
[35] The Complete Peerage, vol. X, p. 381, note c
[36] The Complete Peerage, vol. 1, p. 307
[37] The Complete Peerage, vol. XI, p. 699, note d
[38] Lydon, The Lordship of
Ireland in the Middle Ages, p. 109
[39] Dryburgh & Smith (eds.), Handbook
for Medieval Ireland in the National Archives, U.K., p. 72
[40] Dryburgh & Smith (eds.), Handbook
for Medieval Ireland in the National Archives, U.K., pp. 70, 120
[41] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/31-edward-i/78
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[42] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/32-edward-i/23
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[43] Brooks, Knights’ fees in
Counties Wexford, Carlow and Kilkenny, 13th-15th Century,
p. 16
[44] Curtis (ed.), Calendar of
Ormond Deeds, 1172-1350 A.D., no. 405
[45] The Complete Peerage, vol. X, pp. 383, 384
[46] Down, K., ‘Colonial society and economy’, in Art Cosgrove (ed.), A new history of Ireland, volume II,
Medieval Ireland, 1169-1534 (Oxford, 2008), pp. 439-491, at p. 475
[47] Brooks, Knights’ fees in
Counties Wexford, Carlow and Kilkenny, 13th-15th Century,
p. 21
[48] Brooks, Knights’ fees in
Counties Wexford, Carlow and Kilkenny, 13th-15th Century,
p. 32
[49] Curtis (ed.), Calendar of
Ormond Deeds, 1172-1350 A.D., no. 478
[50] Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, 1172-1350 A.D., no. 529
[51] Curtis, E. (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, volume III, 1413-1509 A.D. (Dublin, 1935), pp. 1, 2
[52] The Complete Peerage, vol. X, p. 386
[53] Brewer, J.S., & Bullen, W. (eds.), Calendar of the Carew Manuscripts persevered in the archiepiscopal
library at Lambeth (London, 1871, reprint Liechtenstein, 1974), Vol. 1
(1515-1574), p. 2
[54] The Complete Peerage, vol. X, pp. 386, 387
[55] Brooks, Knights’ fees in
Counties Wexford, Carlow and Kilkenny, 13th-15th Century,
p. 36
[56] Brooks, Knights’ fees in
Counties Wexford, Carlow and Kilkenny, 13th-15th Century,
p. 93
[57] The Complete Peerage, vol. X, p. 388
[58] The Complete Peerage, vol. X, p. 388
[59] Brooks, Knights’ fees in
Counties Wexford, Carlow and Kilkenny, 13th-15th Century,
p. 93
[60] The Complete Peerage, vol. XII/I, p. 614
[61] The Complete Peerage, vol. 1, p. 307
[62] The Complete Peerage, vol. 1, p. 307
[63] Curtis (ed.), Calendar of
Ormond Deeds, 1172-1350 A.D., no. 622
[64] Curtis (ed.), Calendar of
Ormond Deeds, 1172-1350 A.D., no. 614
[65] Connolly, ‘Irish material in the class of Ancient Petitions (SC8)’,
pp. 1-106, at p. 76
[66] Lydon, The Lordship of
Ireland in the Middle Ages, p. 133
[67] Connolly (ed.), Irish
Exchequer Payments, 1270-1446, pp. 623, 624
[68] Connolly (ed.), Irish
Exchequer Payments, 1270-1446, pp. 378, 379
[69] Connolly (ed.), Irish Exchequer
Payments, 1270-1446, p. 385
[70] Connolly, P., ‘Irish material in the class of Chancery warrants
series 1 (C81) in the Public Record Office, London’, in Analecta Hibernica, No. 36 (1995), pp. 135-161, at p. 152
[71] Connolly (ed.), Irish
Exchequer Payments, 1270-1446, p. 391
[72] Calendar Close Rolls, Edward III, 1337-9, p. 506
[73] Curtis (ed.), Calendar of
Ormond Deeds, 1172-1350 A.D., no. 714
[74] The Complete Peerage, vol. X, p. 389
[75] The Complete Peerage, vol. X, p. 389
[76] The Complete Peerage, vol. X, p. 389
[77] Connolly (ed.), Irish
Exchequer Payments, 1270-1446, pp. 403, 425
[78] The Complete Peerage, vol. X, p. 390
[79] The Complete Peerage, vol. X, p. 389
[80] Connolly (ed.), Irish
Exchequer Payments, 1270-1446, p. 476
[81] Otway-Ruthven, O.J., A history of Medieval Ireland (London, 1980), p. 278
[82] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/29-edward-iii/53
(accessed on 12th November 2021), Frame, R., ‘Commissions of the peace in
Ireland, 1302-1461’, in Analecta
Hibernica, No. 35 (1992), pp. 1-43, at pp. 32-34
[83] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/29-edward-iii/69;
https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/29-edward-iii/70;
https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/49-edward-iii/278
(accessed on 12th November 2021) gives a lengthily list of the actions and
expectations of the keepers of the peace in 1375 Wexford
[84] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/29-edward-iii/87
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[85] The Complete Peerage, vol. 1, p. 308
[86] Connolly (ed.), Irish
Exchequer Payments, 1270-1446, p. 482
[87] RCH, p. 68 no. 29; p. 77 no. 31
[88] The Complete Peerage, vol. X, p. 393
[89] The Complete Peerage, vol. X, p. 392
[90] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/9-richard-ii/20
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[91] Connolly, ‘Irish material in the class of Ancient Petitions (SC8)’,
pp. 1-106, at p. 52
[92] Curtis, E. (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, volume II, 1350-14133 A.D. (Dublin, 1934), p. 108
[93] The Complete Peerage, vol. X, p. 393
[94] The Complete Peerage, vol. X, p. 392
[95] The Complete Peerage, vol. 1, p. 307
[96] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/48-edward-iii/81
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[97] The Complete Peerage, vol. 1, p. 308
[98] The Complete Peerage, vol. 1, p. 309
[99] Connolly (ed.), Irish
Exchequer Payments, 1270-1446, p. 530
[100] The Complete Peerage, vol. X, p. 394
[101] The Complete Peerage, vol. XII/I, p. 614
[102] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/48-edward-iii/81
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[103] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/48-edward-iii/163
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[104] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/48-edward-iii/10
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[105] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/48-edward-iii/31
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[106] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/48-edward-iii/139
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[107] The Complete Peerage, vol. X, p. 393
[108] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/49-edward-iii/118
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[109] Richardson, H.G. & Sayles, G.O. (eds.), Parliaments and Councils of Mediaeval Ireland, volume 1 (Dublin,
1947), p. 56
[110] MacCotter, P. Medieval
Ireland: Territorial, Political and Economic Divisions (Dublin, 2008), p. 249
[111] Richardson & Sayles (eds.), Parliaments
and Councils of Mediaeval Ireland, volume 1, p. 58
[112] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/49-edward-iii/247
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[113] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/49-edward-iii/97
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[114] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/49-edward-iii/263
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[115] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/49-edward-iii/260
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[116] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/49-edward-iii/128 (accessed
on 12th November 2021)
[117] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/49-edward-iii/176
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[118] The Complete Peerage, vol. X, pp. 394, 395
[119] Connolly, ‘Irish material in the class of Ancient Petitions (SC8)’,
pp. 1-106, at p. 64
[120] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/49-edward-iii/187
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[121] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/49-edward-iii/206
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[122] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/49-edward-iii/204
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[123] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/49-edward-iii/1
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[124] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/50-edward-iii/4
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[125] Dawes, M.C.B., Devine, M.R., Jones, H.E. & Post, M.J. (eds.), Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem, Volume 16, Richard II (London, 1974), no. 62
[126] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/51-edward-iii/103
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[127] Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, volume II, 1350-14133 A.D., p. 151
[128] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/8-richard-ii/33
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[129] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/1-richard-ii/103;
https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/2-richard-ii/38;
https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/4-richard-ii/143;
https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/5-richard-ii/35;
https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/6-richard-ii/19;
https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/7-richard-ii/16;
https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/7-richard-ii/27;
https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/8-richard-ii/12
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[130] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/1-richard-ii/1
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[131] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/1-richard-ii/81
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[132] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/1-richard-ii/100
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[133] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/1-richard-ii/121;
https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/3-richard-ii/44
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[134] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/1-richard-ii/10
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[135] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/1-richard-ii/17; https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/1-richard-ii/44
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[136] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/1-richard-ii/91;
https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/1-richard-ii/112
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[137] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/1-richard-ii/102
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[138] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/1-richard-ii/61; https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/1-richard-ii/92
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[139] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/1-richard-ii/117
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[140] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/2-richard-ii/57
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[141] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/6-richard-ii/23
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[142] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/4-richard-ii/88
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[143] The Complete Peerage, vol. X, pp. 395, 396
[144] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/4-richard-ii/57;
https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/5-richard-ii/55
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[145] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/4-richard-ii/70
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[146] Goff, H., ‘English conquest of an Irish barony. The changing
patterns of land ownership in the barony of Scarawalsh, 1540-1640’, in Kevin
Whelan & William Nolan (eds.), Wexford:
History and Society, Interdisciplinary Essays on the History of an Irish County
(Dublin, 1987), pp. 122-149, at p. 123
[147] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/4-richard-ii/43
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[148] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/5-richard-ii/172
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[149] Mac Niocaill, G. (ed.), The
Red Book of the Earls of Kildare (Dublin, 1964), No. 149
[150] The Complete Peerage, vol. X, p. 396
[151] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/5-richard-ii/113
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[152] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/6-richard-ii/14
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[153] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/6-richard-ii/3
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[154] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/5-richard-ii/82
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[155] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/5-richard-ii/187
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[156] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/5-richard-ii/191
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[157] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/7-richard-ii/18;
https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/8-richard-ii/22
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[158] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/8-richard-ii/31
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[159] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/8-richard-ii/101
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[160] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/9-richard-ii/10
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[161] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/9-richard-ii/203
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[162] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/9-richard-ii/123
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[163] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/9-richard-ii/133
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[164] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/10-richard-ii/27
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[165] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/10-richard-ii/216;
https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/10-richard-ii/217;
https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/10-richard-ii/232
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[166] The Complete Peerage, vol. X, p. 395
[167] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/10-richard-ii/93;
https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/10-richard-ii/179;
https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/10-richard-ii/180
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[168] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/10-richard-ii/172
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[169] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/10-richard-ii/256
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[170] The Complete Peerage, vol. XII/I, p. 614
[171] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/12-richard-ii/174
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[172] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/12-richard-ii/183
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[173] The Complete Peerage, vol. X, p. 395, note j
[174] The Complete Peerage, vol. X, p. 396
[175] The Complete Peerage, vol. X, p. 397
[176] Curtis, E., A history of Medieval Ireland from 1086 to 1513 (New York, 1968), p. 385
[177] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/13-richard-ii/156
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[178] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/13-richard-ii/228
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[179] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/15-richard-ii/7
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[180] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/16-richard-ii/5
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[181] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/17-richard-ii/26
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[182] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/15-henry-vi/8
(accessed on 12th November 2021)
[183] https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/18-richard-ii/44
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https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/5-henry-v/13
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[285] Dryburgh & Smith (eds.), Handbook
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[286] The Complete Peerage, vol. XI, p. 699, note d
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[300] Brewer & Bullen (eds.), Calendar
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reform in Henrician Ireland’, pp. 78-121, at p. 93
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reform in Henrician Ireland’, pp. 78-121, at p. 93
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[306] Fitzsimons, ‘Wolsey, the native affinities, & the failure of
reform in Henrician Ireland’, pp. 78-121, at p. 93
[307] Brewer & Bullen (eds.), Calendar
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[309] Ellis & Murray (eds.), Calendar
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‘Black’ earl of Ormond’, in David Edwards (ed.), Regions and Rulers in Ireland, 1100-1650: Essays for Kenneth Nicholls
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[311] Donovan & Edwards (eds.), British
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[312] Brewer & Bullen (eds.), Calendar of the Carew Manuscripts, Vol. 1 (1515-1574), pp. 62, 85
[313] Brewer & Bullen (eds.), Calendar of the Carew Manuscripts, Vol. 1 (1515-1574), p. 112
[314] Mac Niocaill (ed.), Crown Surveys of Lands 1540-41, pp. 11-14
[315] Brooks, Knights’ fees in
Counties Wexford, Carlow and Kilkenny, 13th-15th Century,
pp. 6, 7
[316] Mac Niocaill (ed.), Crown Surveys of Lands 1540-41, pp. 15-18
[317] Brooks, Knights’ fees in
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p. 22
[318] Brewer & Bullen (eds.), Calendar of the Carew Manuscripts, Vol. 1 (1515-1574), p. 325
[319] Cunningham (ed.), Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, Tudor Period, 1566-1567, no. 117, p. 58
[320] Connolly, P. (ed.), Statute rolls of the Irish Parliament: Richard III-Henry VIII (Dublin, 2002), pp. 226-7, 277-8
[321] Ellis & Murray (eds.), Calendar
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[322] Brewer & Bullen (eds.), Calendar
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[323] Ellis & Murray (eds.), Calendar
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[324] Brewer & Bullen (eds.), Calendar
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[325] Ellis & Murray (eds.), Calendar
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[326] Brewer & Bullen (eds.), Calendar
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[327] Brewer & Bullen (eds.), Calendar
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[328] Ellis & Murray (eds.), Calendar
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[329] Ellis & Murray (eds.), Calendar
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[330] Ellis & Murray (eds.), Calendar
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[331] Ellis & Murray (eds.), Calendar
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[332] Brewer & Bullen (eds.), Calendar
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Murray (eds.), Calendar of State Papers,
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[333] Ellis & Murray (eds.), Calendar
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[334] Ellis & Murray (eds.), Calendar
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Hore & Graves in Southern &
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[335] Ellis & Murray (eds.), Calendar
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Hore & Graves in Southern &
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[336] Ellis & Murray (eds.), Calendar
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Hore & Graves in Southern &
Eastern Counties, pp. 39-45
[337] Ellis & Murray (eds.), Calendar
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Hore & Graves in Southern & Eastern
Counties, pp. 62-76
[338] Brewer & Bullen (eds.), Calendar
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[339] Clarke, A., & McGrath, B. (eds.), Letterbook of George, 16th Earl of Kildare (Dublin,
2013), pp. 131, 132,
133
[340] Brewer & Bullen (eds.), Calendar
of the Carew Manuscripts, Vol. 1 (1515-1574), p. 120
[341] Heffernan, D. (ed.), ‘Reform’
Treatises on Tudor Ireland (Dublin, 2016), p. 28, note 68
[342] Ellis & Murray (eds.), Calendar
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[343] Ellis & Murray (eds.), Calendar
of State Papers, Ireland, Tudor Period, 1509-1547, no. 340
[344] Gairdner, J., & Brodie, R.H. (eds.), Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 13, Part 1, January-July 1538 (London, 1898), p. 33, no. 97; Ellis & Murray (eds.), Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, Tudor Period, 1509-1547, no. 349
[345] Ellis & Murray (eds.), Calendar
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[346] Goff, ‘English conquest of an Irish barony’, pp. 122-149, at p. 125
[347] Gairdner, J., & Brodie, R.H. (eds.), Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 14, Part 2, August-December 1539 (London, 1895), p. 6
[348] Ellis & Murray (eds.), Calendar
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[349] Ellis & Murray (eds.), Calendar
of State Papers, Ireland, Tudor Period, 1509-1547, no. 477
[350] Gairdner & Brodie (eds.), Letters and Papers, Henry VIII, Volume 14, Part 2, August-December 1539, p. 15; Ellis & Murray (eds.), Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, Tudor Period, 1509-1547, no. 475
[351] Gairdner & Brodie (eds.), Letters and Papers, Henry VIII, Volume 14, Part 2, August-December 1539, p. 41
[352] Goff, ‘English conquest of an Irish barony’, pp. 122-149, at p. 124
[353] Gairdner, J., & Brodie, R.H. (eds.), Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 16, 1540-1541(London, 1898), p. 375
[354] Brewer & Bullen (eds.), Calendar
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[355] Ellis & Murray (eds.), Calendar
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[356] Goff, ‘English conquest of an Irish barony’, pp. 122-149, at p. 129
[357] Crawford, J., Anglicizing the Government of Ireland: The Irish Privy Council and the expansion of Tudor rule, 1556-1578 (Blackrock, 1993), p. 107
[358] Ellis & Murray (eds.), Calendar
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[359] Brewer & Bullen (eds.), Calendar
of the Carew Manuscripts, Vol. 1 (1515-1574), p. 223
[360] Ellis & Murray (eds.), Calendar
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[361] Crawford, Anglicizing the Government of Ireland, 1556-1578, pp. 165, 441
[362] Brewer & Bullen (eds.), Calendar
of the Carew Manuscripts, Vol. 1 (1515-1574), p. 236
[363] Cunningham (ed.), Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, Tudor Period, 1566-1567, no. 79.1
[364] Heffernan (ed.), ‘Reform’
Treatises on Tudor Ireland, pp. 21, 22
[365] Heffernan (ed.), ‘Reform’
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[366] Heffernan (ed.), ‘Reform’
Treatises on Tudor Ireland, pp. 43, 44, 47
[367] Brewer & Bullen (eds.), Calendar
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[368] Crawford, Anglicizing the
Government of Ireland, 1556-1578, p. 298
[369] Cunningham, B. (ed.), Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, Tudor Period, 1568-1571 (Dublin, 2010), no. 98
[370] Cunningham (ed.), Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, Tudor Period, 1566-1567, no. 324
[371] Cunningham (ed.), Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, Tudor Period, 1566-1567, no. 79
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[373] Ó Laidhin, T. (ed.), Sidney State Papers, 1565-70 (Dublin, 1962), no. 55 (2); Carey, V.P., Surviving the Tudors: The ‘Wizard’ Earl of Kildare and English Rule in Ireland, 1537-1586 (Dublin, 2002), p. 224
[374] Cunningham (ed.), Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, Tudor Period, 1568-1571, no. 98
[375] Cunningham (ed.), Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, Tudor Period, 1568-1571, no. 141
[376] Cunningham (ed.), Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, Tudor Period, 1568-1571, nos. 200, 200.1, 207.1
[377] Cunningham (ed.), Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, Tudor Period, 1568-1571, no. 241
[378] Cunningham (ed.), Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, Tudor Period, 1568-1571, no. 286
[379] Heffernan (ed.), ‘Reform’
Treatises on Tudor Ireland, pp. 57, 58
[380] Heffernan (ed.), ‘Reform’
Treatises on Tudor Ireland, p. 150
[381] O’Dowd, M. (ed.), Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, Tudor Period, 1571-1575 (London & Dublin, 2000), no. 22
[382] Crawford, Anglicizing the
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[383] Cunningham (ed.), Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, Tudor Period, 1568-1571, no. 349
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[388] Quinn, D., ‘Government printing and the publication of the Irish Statutes in the Sixteenth Century’, in Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, Volume XLIX, Section C, No. 2 (1943), pp. 45-129, at p. 120; Cunningham (ed.), Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, Tudor Period, 1568-1571, no. 354
[389] Heffernan (ed.), ‘Reform’
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[390] Cunningham (ed.), Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, Tudor Period, 1568-1571, no. 533
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