Friday, August 29, 2014

Biographies on some of the de Mandeville family in Medieval Ireland

Biographies on some of the de Mandeville family in Medieval Ireland

Niall C.E.J. O’Brien

    The family of de Mandeville came from the town of Magneville in the Cotentin Peninsula in Western Normandy.[1] From among all the different branches of the Mandeville family who settled in England there came to Ireland between 1170 and 1189 a certain Martin de Mandeville. The relationship between the subsequent Mandeville residents in Ireland is not always clear. Today, descendants of the de Mandeville family still live in Ireland but are now known by the name of Mansfield. This article provides brief glimpses into the lives of some of the de Mandeville family in medieval Ireland.

Martin de Mandeville: Martin de Mandeville first appears in Ireland sometime before 1192 when he witnessed an exchange of land between Matheus, Bishop of Glendalough and John, Archbishop of Dublin.[2] Sometime before 1200 he received lands in County Meath from Hugh de Lacy. His daughter, Joan, married, as her second husband, Ernisius de Dunheved by 1228. As Ernisius came from the manor of Dunheved, near Mells, in eastern Somerset, then Martin may also be from that county. He left some land to Joan and gave the most to his son, Robert. Martin de Mandeville witnessed a deed of Llanthony priory c.1200-5.[3] In about 1210 Martin de Mandeville witnessed the grant of Ratoath by King John during his stay in Ireland to Philip de Worcester.[4]

Robert de Mandeville: About 1200 Robert was described as a tenant of Walter de Lacy in Meath. In 1210 he was involved with King John’s attack upon the de Lacy family in Meath and Ulster. As a reward King John gave Robert waste land which was uninhabited in the Honor of Lune (Louth).[5] Could this uninhabited land be the later place known as Mandevilletowns? We cannot known for sure but it is a real possibly.

About the same time the feudal lord of the Mandevilles, Hugh de Lacy II married Leselina de Verdun, sister of Theobald de Verdun, lord of Louth. By this marriage half of Louth came to Hugh de Lacy.[6] The Mandeville family moved into Louth with their lord and when Hugh de Lacy became Earl of Ulster the Mandeville family moved northwards into Ulster where in a few decades they would become one of the principal families.

In about 1215 Robert was a witnessed to the grant of grange income, in Ulster, to the Hospital of St. John the Baptist, outside Dublin by John de Cestria. Sometime after Robert was knighted and witnessed a grant of Navan property to the same Hospital. Also in 1215, Robert paid a fine of 15 marks for the custody of the land and heir of Alan de Mandeville.[7] It is unclear what their relationship was.  

Alan de Mandeville: in 1215 Robert de Mandeville paid 15 marks for the custody of the land and heir of Alan de Mandeville.[8]

Sir Henry de Mandeville: He witnessed an Ulster charter of Alan Fitz Warin in 1247 of a grant of land to Alexander de Nottingham.[9] After 1254 when Ulster was taken into the king’s hand and given to his son, Prince Edward, Henry de Mandeville became seneschal of that liberty. His seneschal’s account for the year of November 1261 to November 1262 was printed by Edmund Cutis in volume xxxix of Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy (pages10-11). In this account Henry paid £1 rent for two ploughlands in Drumtarsy within the county of Coleraine. Henry acted as constable for the castles of Drumtarsy, Coleraine and Lochkel.[10]

In 1272 enquires were made which recorded many wrong doings committed by Henry against Prince Edward’s interests and the settlers peace. The following year, Sir Henry joined with The O’Neill along with others members of the extended family like Sir Thomas, Sir Robert, Martin, Sir Walter and young Walter de Mandeville in an attack upon the English settlers in Ulster. Sometime before 1276 Henry was killed and William Fitz Warin, the new Ulster seneschal was acquitted of any involvement.[11] Yet the memory of Henry de Mandeville as seneschal of Ulster was not forgotten among the officials at the exchequer. In 1314 they cited that Henry still needed to account for his time as seneschal and he dead for near forty years – the tax man rarely forgets.[12]

Robert de Mandeville: In January 1289 Robert de Mandeville paid a fine of £20 to keep the peace as the son of Henry de Mandeville. Robert de Mandeville was on a jury panel in 1293 into the abuses of Thomas Maunsell as sheriff of Kildare. Later in 1293 Robert de Mandeville was on a jury who said that it would injure the king’s interest if ships were allowed to go direct to New Ross and bypass Waterford. In 1301 and 1302 Robert de Mandeville paid trespass fines to the Dublin sheriff but the nature of the trespass is unknown.[13]

Sir Thomas de Mandeville: He joined the O’Neill attack on Ulster in 1273. After 1281, Ulster was restored to Richard de Burgo and Sir Thomas became the new seneschal. He used his position to attack the lands of William Fitz Warin with the assistance of his extended family. Fitz Warin issued legal proceedings against Sir Thomas and Sir Robert de Mandeville. In February 1283 Thomas was to receive payment for cutting off the head of the O’Donnell and at the same time had his debts at the Dublin Exchequer clear because of services to the king in the Welsh campaign.[14]

Sir Thomas was involved in many actions against the Irish while serving the Earl of Ulster. In 1281 he joined Hugh Boy O’Neill in the defeat of the O’Donnells near Dungannon. Two years later O’Neill was killed by Brian Mac Mahon and the chieftainary of the O’Neills changed many times. After 1291 Sir Thomas helped install Richard de Burgh’s choice of Brian, son of Hugh Boy as chief. In these actions, Sir Thomas was known to the Irish by the name of Mac Martin and so we can say that he was a descendent of that Martin de Mandeville of c.1200.[15]  

Thomas lost £20 worth of war horses in the Scottish campaign of 1296. In the following year he received payment for this lost while also serving as collector of the fifteen tax in Ulster. In March 1301 he was instructed to listen to five government officials about the proposed invasion of Scotland. A year later, Thomas was paid £566 for wages and horses that he supplied to the campaign. As an added reward, Thomas got preference to purchase the marriage-ship of the son of Robert de Crus. Yet there was little time to enjoy such rewards as de Mandeville was told to prepare for another Scottish campaign.[16]

In May 1315 Edward Bruce launched a Scottish invasion of Ireland. Much of Ulster was quickly taken except for the castle of Carrickfergus. This invasion threatened the English hold on Ireland but it also more threatened the property of Thomas de Mandeville. In 1210 Duncan, Earl of Carrick, was granted land in Ulster by King John. Duncan died in 1250 and was the great-grandfather of Robert Bruce, Earl of Carrick in 1292 and later King Robert I of Scotland. In 1313 Robert granted his brother Edward Bruce the Earldom of Carrick and thus the Earldom’s lands in Ulster. Yet by then these lands were long lost to the Earldom and now held by Thomas de Mandeville. To help keep his usurper Thomas de Mandeville had documents made purporting to claim that Duncan granted the land to Thomas but this was impossible as Duncan was possibly dead long before Thomas was born.[17]

Carrickfergus Castle 

But well written documents were not enough to save Ulster and Ireland. Thomas de Mandeville and the people round him would have to go to war. On 17 March 1316 Thomas de Mandeville was given permission to make treaties with those English and Irish who supported the Scots in the hope of opening up the north. On 8 April Thomas de Mandeville commanded a fleet of fifteen ships from Drogheda to relieve the Carrickfergus garrison. The force was initially successful in fighting back the Scots. But on 10 April Thomas de Mandeville died in desperate street fighting and the relief force failed to reach the castle. The castle finally surrendered by the end of September.[18]

Sir Robert de Mandeville: He joined the O’Neill attack on Ulster in 1273 and was involve in the 1282 attack of Fitz Warin’s lands. Around 1284 Robert took law with the prior of St. Thomas Abbey, near Dublin at the liberty court of Trim concerning the rights to Donoughmore church. In the action Robert was described as a descendent of Martin de Mandeville. In 1287 he was one of four knights to appoint a jury to the Portlester assizes.[19]

In about 1271 an inquisition found that Robert de Mandeville owed two knight services to Sir Geoffrey de Geneville, Lord of Meath.[20]

It is possible that Sir Robert de Mandeville was the same Robert de Mandeville who about 1290 was a member of a twelve panel jury. This jury gave their judgement on the rights of marcher lords to prey and people captured in battle.[21] 

Martin, son of Robert de Mandeville: Martin was another participant in the O’Neill attack of 1273. He was also involved in the 1282 attack on Fitz Warin’s lands and was described as the son of Robert when one of the sureties for Sir Thomas and Sir Robert de Mandeville.[22]

Sir Walter de Mandeville: He was another participant in the 1273 O’Neill attack on the English settlements in Ulster.[23]

Walter de Mandeville: This Walter was likewise identified as a participant in the 1273 attack. He may possibly be the Walter, son of Martin, who transferred lands in counties of Tipperary, Dublin, and Meath along with land in the Liberty of Trim, to Richard White of Arklow in 1309.[24]

Hugh de Mandeville: This man brought war against the king in Ireland and William Fitz Warin took horses and other property from him as punishment. Yet Hugh had some influence in government circles and Fitz Warin was told to restore the goods in February 1275. Shortly after Hugh abandoned English ways and form his own Irish clan which took the name of Mac Uighilin (son of Hugh), otherwise written as Mac Quillan. The family occupied the eastern bank of the Bann River between Lough Neagh and the sea in the area know as The Route and forming part of old Tweskard where the Mandevilles previously held property. Nicholas casts some doubt on the family’s origins from Hugh and declares it an Elizabethan legend. Yet it must be said that later Mac Quillans possessed very un-Irish Christian names and had some foreign background.[25]

William de Mandeville: He was sheriff of Down and Newtown in 1282 when he headed an inquest which found Fitz Warin had been wronged by Thomas de Mandeville and other.[26] From 1286 William de Mandeville was seneschal of Ulster. In 1314 he accounted for Ulster to the exchequer for the period from 1286 to 1314.[27] In June 1305 William was in England and appointed attorneys in Ireland. While away he instructed his attorneys to bring law proceedings against Alan Fitz Warin over a land dispute. In April 1307 he got £10 to seek out Scottish rebels that maybe harbouring in Ulster under the protection of the religious houses.[28]

His daughter and heiress, Joan, married Richard White of Arklow. In 1309 she was granted the lands of her cousin, Walter Fitz Martin de Mandeville in Counties Tipperary, Dublin, and Meath with additional land in the Liberty of Trim.[29]

John de Mandeville: Before 1307 John’s daughter Joan had married Meiler Fitz Peter de Bermingham. The usual financial provisions were made at the marriage and all went well until Meiler was drowned in the Irish Sea while returning from the Scottish campaign. In 1307, John asked the king to instruct Peter de Bermingham to ensure Joan’s financial well fare.[30] 

William de Mandeville: In 1308 and again in 1312 this man appointed attorneys in England while he stayed in Ireland.[31]

Henry de Mandeville: He was appointed a Peace Commissioner in the diocese of Down in 1326. The following year he was seneschal of Ulster and made a peace agreement with Robert Bruce, King of Scotland. Yet not all his efforts were for peace. Three years later he was accused of committing all kinds of robberies and homicides while William de Burgh, Earl of Ulster was in England. Yet Henry continued to attack the settler community. The Earl took the war to Henry and the latter fled south to Dublin where he was arrested. For as long as Henry stayed in Dublin, he could escape the justice system of Ulster.[32]

In 1331, Maurice Fitz Thomas, first Earl of Desmond, had plans to make Henry ruler of Ulster as part of his scheme for a new governing order. Henry was so mention at an inquisition in Limerick on 23 March 1332. Instead Fitz Thomas was arrested and was imprisoned in Dublin Castle with Henry. In the following year, William de Burgh requested the extradition to Ulster of Henry de Mandeville but without success. Two years later the commonalty of Ulster sought his release to stand trial in that liberty. It is not clear if their petition was successful. This affair between the Earldom and Henry was a contributing factor in the strong de Mandeville involvement in the murder of the Earl.[33]

In the mist of all this negative news about Henry de Mandeville, there are glimpses of positive appraisal. In the financial year of 1334-1335 the Dublin government paid Henry £10 in compensation for the costs and expenses he incurred in going to Ulster to treat with McCartan and other Irish of those parts who had risen against the king’s rule. In the year 1334-1335, while the commonalty of Ulster sought his person for trial, Henry accompanied the deputy justiciar of Ireland on a military campaign into Ulster to subdue the king’s felons. Henry lost some horses on the campaign and was paid 310 in compensation.[34]

Richard de Mandeville: When Edward Bruce invaded Ireland in 1315 many of the Anglo-Irish of Ulster joined the invaders. Richard was one of these collaborators and was later charged with causing death and destruction as far south as Louth. After the war, when English rule was restored, Richard turned his support in favour of Dublin. He was appointed a Commission of the Peace in the diocese of Connor and Derry in 1326.[35]

About twenty years before this appointment, Richard married Giles de Burgh, daughter of William Liath de Burgh and accepted her authority in the relationship. In 1332 Giles’s brother, Walter de Burgh died in the prison of William de Burgh, Earl of Ulster after his arrest for conducting military operations against the Earl in Connacht. Giles forced Richard and his son Robert to seek revenge. Thus one Sunday morning in 1333, Robert struck the first blow in an assassination of the Earl. His cousin, Robert, son of Martin de Mandeville was also involved with many others of both nationalities. Richard and Giles were present at the killing but survived the subsequent backlash.[36]

Richard de Mandeville did suffer the forfeiture of his estates to the king. In 1334 we learn of Richard’s foreign connections when Byndo Guydelot of Florence was paid £10 out of Richard’s estates in repayment of a debt Richard owed to Guydelot.[37] By 1337 they were still on the run when Maud, Countess of Ulster got the king to issue a reward of 100 marks for their capture.[38]

Robert, son of Richard de Mandeville: He was son of the preceding, and struck the first blow in the murder of William de Burgh, Earl of Ulster that Sunday morning in 1333. For a time the murders reigned across the land but not all of the family supported the fowl deed. One John de Mandeville led the backlash and Robert was killed.[39]

Robert, son of Martin de Mandeville: This man’s claim to fame is as one of the attackers of the Earl of Ulster in 1333. In the backlash which followed, Robert was killed along with over three hundred people. The de Mandeville family, which had up until that time had been one of the chief settler families, faded from public view. The Savage family then assumed leadership.[40]

John de Mandeville: John held the townland of Knockdewan in 1332 at the partition of the de Verdun lands in Ireland. In the following year he was sheriff of Down and Newtownards. John stayed away from the large de Mandeville contingent who killed the Earl of Ulster. Indeed, two months later, John led the settlers in exacting revenge.[41]

James de Mandeville: He was a member of the jury which held an inquisition at Clonmel on 21 July 1345 into the rebellious activities of the Earl of Desmond around the Suir valley.[42]

Sir Walter de Mandeville: In March 1336 Walter de Mandeville, with John Coterell, acted as security for Maurice son of Thomas, Earl of Desmond, for the issues of the Bishopric of Kerry which were granted to the Earl by King Edward III.[43] In October 1343 Sir Walter attended a meeting at Newcastle, Co. Limerick where the Earl of Desmond made plans to attack the Badlesmere property in Munster. In May 1344, Sir Walter was involved in the attack upon the lands of David de Barry at Castlelyons, Co. Cork. At an inquisition held at Youghal on 4 August 1344, Sir Walter was named as part of the rebel Earl of Desmond’s attacking force upon Inchiquin.

Castlelyons castle showing elements of the medieval castle

Later, he was named as a follower of the rebel Earl by a proclamation issued at Cashel on 14 July 1345 and afterwards at a Clonmel inquisition on 29 July 1345. He was said to have attacked the property of Eliam Burdon at Ballybrennan with the other rebels. In August 1345, Sir Walter and his son Thomas were involved in rebel activities at Ballysallagh and there about.[44]

In March 1339 Sir Walter de Mandeville granted in tail to Thomas, his son, the manors of Donaghmore, Blackcastle (County Meath) and Clonsangan. For these Thomas de Mandeville was to pay his father £40 per year for the life of Walter. If Thomas died without heirs the property would pass in turn to Robert son of Sir Walter de Mandeville and then to Maurice son of Sir Walter and finally to Reginald, son of Sir Walter. If all four brothers died without heirs the property would revert to Sir Walter and his right heirs.[45]

Sir Thomas, son of Walter de Mandeville: In May 1344 Sir Thomas was part of the attacking force upon the lands of David Barry of Castlelyons, Co. Cork. Along with his father, Sir Walter de Mandeville, Thomas was named at a Youghal inquisition on 4 August 1344 as one of those who attacked the town and district as part of the Earl of Desmond’s rebels. Sir Thomas was initially called Sir Philip de Mandeville but this was corrected as the inquisition proceeded.

Later at an inquisition at Clonmel on 21 July 1345 into the rebellious activities of the Earl of Desmond, Sir Thomas was name as a follower of the Earl at Kilhimegan on 2 July 1345. He was again named as a follower of the rebel Earl in a proclamation issued at Cashel on 14 July 1345. Thomas was again mentioned as a Desmond follower at a Clonmel inquisition on 29 July 1345.[46]

On 24th October 1367 Sir Thomas de Mandeville was a witness to the sale by Thomas de Veer, Earl of Oxford to James Butler, Earl of Ormond of his part of the manor of Inchiquin and the town of Youghal.[47]

Thomas son of Hugh de Mandeville: In about 1337 the escheator of Ireland accounted at the exchequer for two and half carucates of land along with a mill at Ewes Magna in Ulster which were once held by Thomas, son of Hugh de Mandeville. Thomas de Mandeville held the property from the Earl of Ulster but as the Earldom of Ulster was in the king’s hand so Thomas’s property came to the king as a custody within a custody. Thomas de Mandeville was a minor in 1337 but little else is known about him or that of his father Hugh de Mandeville.[48] The Hugh de Mandeville profiled earlier lived in the 1270s and so a bit too early to produce an heir who was under twenty-one years old in 1337.

Richard de Mandeville: For the moment this Richard is treated separately from any other of the same name until we can construct his life story. On 25 August 1349 the English government wrote to the Dublin administration requesting the court files which declared Richard an outlaw on the charge of adhering to the Scots. The return declared that the trail was held in Trim before Walter de Bermingham, justiciar. It was April 1350 before this information was sent to London. Clearly it wasn’t a high priority issue for the Dublin civil service.[49]

Philip de Mandeville: The parliament held at Kilkenny in 1375 appointed a great number of people across the land to collect the subsidy tax. In the cantred of Ocarbery in the County of Limerick Philip de Mandeville was named collector along with Adam Lang of Kilmallock and Simon Bell.[50]

William de Mandeville: In February 1381 James Butler, Earl of Ormond directed that the sheriff of the Liberty of Tipperary should summon a whole host of people to appear before the seneschal of Tipperary at the next assizes. One of these people so summoned was William de Mandeville of location unknown.[51]

Philip son of Philip Mandeville: About 1399 a person called Philip son of Philip de Mandeville witnessed a deed of transfer by Christiane Power to Philip O’Hymlan of a half carucate of land in Kyllocran in the tenement of Ardcholme.[52] This place was somewhere about Carrick-on-Suir.

Thomas son of Richard de Mandeville: On 14th July 1399 Thomas son of Richard de Mandeville, knight, assigned all his rights in the manor of Blackcastle in County Meath to Sir John de Stanley. Sometime before 14th July Sir Thomas de Mandeville had sold Blackcastle to Sir John de Stanley as on 6th July 1399 Stanley sold the manor to James Butler, Earl of Ormond.[53] Earlier we saw how in 1339 Sir Walter de Mandeville granted Blackcastle to his son Thomas and subsequently to his other sons in turn, namely to Robert, Maurice and Reginald de Mandeville. In that list of sons there is no Richard de Mandeville and so the mystery of who Richard was and how he came to have Blackcastle and so determine which Sir Thomas de Mandeville his son was. Historical research is like that – searching for ghosts in a foggy night of few lights. Someday the question of who Richard and Thomas were may be revealed. 

Walter Maundeville: In June 1363 he got a commission of oyer and terminer with Gerald, Earl of Desmond, Eustace Hacket, sheriff of Cork, Richard Vynegre, guardian of Youghal town and Roger Flete. They were to examine the by Henry Golofre of Leicester where he entered Youghal church with an armed force, collected and wasted the profits of same and beat the servants of John de Hirst who had been presented as rector of Youghal by the king.[54]

Thomas de Mandeville: In May 1443 Thomas as chaplain took Simon Ledewych, vicar of Dromin, Co. Louth to the archbishop’s court at Drogheda on a charge of perjury. Thomas lost the case but lodged an appeal to Rome. The process continued without any success for Thomas. In June 1444, he was issued with a letter of ex-communication if he did not pay the legal expense of Ledewych. Sometime later Simon died and Thomas attempted to enforce his claim of Simon’s brother Robert.[55]

Joan de Mandeville: She was a servant of magistrate Robert Preston of Drogheda in 1454-5 when she was a witness for Isabel Murgan in a matrimonial case against John Clarke.[56]

Other members of the Mandeville family

The Mandeville family of County Waterford seemingly descend from Sir Walter de Mandeville of the 1340s. It is hoped to follow this family in a later article.

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[1] Robert Bearman (ed.), Charters of the Redvers family and the Earldom of Devon 1090-1217 [Devon & Cornwall Record Society], new series, vol. 37 (1994), p. 38
[2] Charles McNeill (ed.), Calendar of Archbishop Alen’s Register c. 1172-1534 (Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, Dublin, 1950), p. 20
[3] Mark Hagger, The Fortunes of a Norman Family: the De Verduns in England, Ireland and Wales, 1066-1316 (Dublin, Four Courts Press, 2001), p. 202; H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal. of Doc. Ire., vol. 1 (1171-1251), no. 1621; Sir H.C. Maxwell Lyte, A History of Dunster & of the families of Mohun and Luttrell (London, St. Catherine Press, 1909), vol. 2, p. 444; Arlene Hogan, The Priory of Llanthony Prima and Secunda in Ireland, 1172-1541 (Dublin, Four Courts Press, 2008), pp. 247-8
[4] James Mills & M.J. McEnery (eds.), Calendar of the Gormanston Register (Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, Dublin, 1916), pp. 7, 179, 180; Goddard H. Orpen, Ireland under the Normans 1169-1333 (Dublin, Four Court Press, 2005), vol. II, p. 248
[5] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal. of Doc. Ire., vol. 1 (1171-1251), nos. 406, 1677; Jocelyn Otway-Ruthven, ‘The partition of the de Verdun Lands in Ireland’, in Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, vol. 66, section C, p. 407
[6] Mark S. Hagger, The Fortunes of a Norman Family: The de Verduns in England, Ireland and Wales, p. 66
[7] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal. of Doc. Ire., vol. 3 (1285-92), p. 381; Eric St John Brooks (ed.), Register of the Hospital of St. John the Baptist without the New Gate, Dublin (Dublin, Stationery Office, 1936), nos. 255, 270; J.S. Brewer & William Bullen (eds.), Calendar of Carew Manuscripts in the Archiepiscopal Library at Lambeth (6 vols., Kraus, 1974 reprint), vol. 5, p. 372. Brooks gives a date of c.1190 for document 270 but the grantor and the witnesses appear active in c.1215 according to the Carew Manuscripts here sited.; H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal. of Doc. Ire., vol. 1 (1171-1251), no. 673
[8] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal. of Doc. Ire., vol. 1 (1171-1251), no. 673
[9] James Mills & M.J. McEnery (eds.), Calendar of the Gormanston Register (Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, Dublin, 1916), p. 160
[10] Edmund Curtis, ‘Sheriff’s accounts of the Honor of Dungarvan, of Tweskard in Ulster, and of County Waterford 1261-63’, in Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, volume xxxix (1929-31), p. 10
[11] David Edwards (ed.), Regions and Rulers in Ireland 1100-1650 (Dublin, Four Courts Press, 2004), p. 46; H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal. of Doc. Ire., vol. 2 (1252-1284), nos. 929, 952, 954, 1918; Goddard H. Orpen, Ireland under the Normans 1169-1333, vol. IV, p. 135
[12] Thirty-ninth report of the Deputy Keeper Ireland (Stationery Office, Dublin, 1907), p. 51
[13] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal. of Doc. Ire., vol. 3 (1285-92), no. 1160 & p. 213; Ibid vol. 4 (1293-1301), p. 57; Paul Dryburgh & Brendan Smith (eds.), Handbook and Select Calendar of Sources for Medieval Ireland in the National Archives of the United Kingdom (Dublin, Four Courts Press, 2005), pp. 67, 97
[14] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal. of Doc. Ire., vol. 2 (1252-1284), nos. 952, 2021, 2049 & pp. 431-5
[15] Goddard H. Orpen, Ireland under the Normans 1169-1333, vol. IV, pp. 140-1 & note 21
[16] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal. of Doc. Ire., vol. 4 (1293-1301), nos. 320, 390 785 & page 200; Ibid, vol. 5 (1302-7), nos. 23, 34, 47
[17] Sean Duffy, ‘The lords of Galloway, earls of Carrick, and the Bissets of the Glens: Scottish settlement in thirteenth-century Ulster’, in David Edwards (ed.), Regions and Rulers in Ireland 1100-1650 (Four Court Press, Dublin, 2004), pp. 37, 38
[18] Colm McNamee, The Wars of the Bruces: Scotland, England and Ireland, 1306-1328 (East Linton, Tuckwell Press, 1997), pp. 169, 179-80
[19] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal. of Doc. Ire., vol. 2 (1252-1284), no. 952 & pp. 431-5: Ibid, vol. 3 (1285-92), no. 452 & p. 404
[20] James Mills & M.J. McEnery (eds.), Calendar of the Gormanston Register, p. 11
[21] James Mills & M.J. McEnery (eds.), Calendar of the Gormanston Register, p. 10
[22] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal. of Doc. Ire., vol. 2 (1252-1284), no. 952 & pp. 432-5
[23] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal. of Doc. Ire., vol. 2 (1252-1284), p. 433
[24] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal. of Doc. Ire., vol. 2 (1252-1284), p. 433; K.W. Nicholls (ed.), ‘Abstracts of Mandeville Deeds’ in Analecta Hibernica, no. 32 (1985), p. 5
[25] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal. of Doc. Ire., vol. 2 (1252-1284), no. 1088; K.W. Nicholls, Gaelic and Gaelicized Ireland in the Middle Ages (Dublin, Lilliput, 2003), pp. 158-60. See Nollaig Ó Muraíle (ed.), The Great Book of Irish Genealogies (5 vols. Dublin, De Búrca, 2003), vol. 3, nos. 831.9-831.17 for the succeeding branches of the Mac Quillan family
[26] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal. of Doc. Ire., vol. 2 (1252-1284), p. 432
[27] Thirty-ninth report of the Deputy Keeper Ireland (Stationery Office, Dublin, 1907), p. 51
[28] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal. of Doc. Ire., vol. 5 (1302-7), nos. 277, 565, 633
[29] K.W. Nicholls (ed.), ‘Abstracts of Mandeville Deeds’ in Analecta Hibernica, no. 32 (1985), p. 5
[30] Philomena Connolly (ed.), ‘Irish Material in the Class of Ancient Petitions (sc8) in the Public Record Office, London’ in Analecta Hibernica, no. 34 (1987), p. 20
[31] Calendar of the Patent Rolls (University of Iowa, www.uiowa.edu/~acadtech/patentrolls), Edward II (1307-13), pp. 71, 491
[32] Robin Frame, ‘Commissions of the Peace in Ireland, 1302-1461’ in Analecta Hibernica, no. 35 (1992), p. 30; Paul Dryburgh & Brendan Smith (eds.), Handbook and Select Calendar of Sources for Medieval Ireland in the National Archives of the United Kingdom, pp. 227-8
[33] James Lydon, The Lordship of Ireland in the Middle Ages (Dublin, Four Courts Press, 2003), p. 129; G.O. Sayles (ed.), ‘The Legal Proceedings against the First Earl of Desmond’ in Analecta Hibernica, no. 23 (1966), pp. 12-3; Philomena Connolly (ed.), ‘Irish material in the Class of Chancery Warrants, series I (C 81), in the Public Record Office, London’ in Analecta Hibernica, no. 36 (1995), p. 148; Philomena Connolly (ed.), ‘Irish Material in the Class of Ancient Petitions (sc8) in the Public Record Office, London’ in Analecta Hibernica, no. 34 (1987), p. 36
[34] Philomena Connolly, Irish Exchequer Payments (Dublin, 1998), pp. 616, 623
[35] James Lydon, The Lordship of Ireland in the Middle Ages, p. 115 & note 82; Robin Frame, ‘Commissions of the Peace in Ireland, 1302-1461’ in Analecta Hibernica, no. 35 (1992), p. 30;
[36] Bernadette Williams (ed.), The Annals of Ireland by Friar John Clyn (Dublin, Four Courts Press, 2007), p. 210
[37] Philomena Connolly, Irish Exchequer Payments (Dublin, 1998), p. 370
[38] Philomena Connolly (ed.), ‘Irish material in the Class of Chancery Warrants, series I (C 81), in the Public Record Office, London’ in Analecta Hibernica, no. 36 (1995), p. 152
[39] Bernadette Williams (ed.), The Annals of Ireland by Friar John Clyn, p. 210
[40] Bernadette Williams (ed.), The Annals of Ireland by Friar John Clyn, p. 210; K.W. Nicholls, Gaelic and Gaelicized Ireland in the Middle Ages, pp. 158-60
[41] Jocelyn Otway-Ruthven, ‘The partition of the de Verdun Lands in Ireland’, in Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, vol. 66, section C, p. 428; Mark Hagger, The Fortunes of a Norman Family: the De Verduns, p. 202; Bernadette Williams (ed.), The Annals of Ireland by Friar John Clyn, p. 210
[42] G.O. Sayles (ed.), ‘The Legal Proceedings against the First Earl of Desmond’ in Analecta Hibernica, no. 23 (1966), p. 25
[43] Forty-fourth report of the Deputy Keeper Ireland (Stationery Office, London, 1912), p. 56
[44] G.O. Sayles (ed.), ‘The Legal Proceedings against the First Earl of Desmond’ in Analecta Hibernica, no. 23 (1966), pp. 26-31, 35-7, 39
[45] Edmund Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, vol. 1 (Stationery Office, Dublin, 1932), no. 720
[46] G.O. Sayles (ed.), ‘The Legal Proceedings against the First Earl of Desmond’ in Analecta Hibernica, no. 23 (1966), pp. 25-31
[47] Edmund Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, vol. 2, p. 102
[48] Forty-fifth report of the Deputy Keeper Ireland (Stationery Office, London, 1913), p. 49
[49] Philomena Connolly (ed.), ‘List of Irish material in the Class of Chancery Files (Recorda) (C.260) Public Record Office, London’ in Analecta Hibernica, no. 31 (1984), pp. 12-3
[50] H.G. Richardson & G.O. Sayles (eds.), Parliaments and Councils of Medieval Ireland, volume 1 (Stationery Office, Dublin, 1947), p. 61
[51] Edmund Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, vol. 2, p. 187
[52] Edmund Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, vol. 2, p. 238
[53] Edmund Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, vol. 2, pp. 241, 242
[54] Calendar of the Patent Rolls, Edward III (1361-1364), pp. 371-2
[55] W.G.H. Quigley & E.F.D. Roberts (eds.), Registrum Iohannis Mey: the Register of John Mey Archbishop of Armagh, 1443-1456 (Belfast, Stationery Office, 1972), pp. 37, 80, 357-9
[56] W.G.H. Quigley & E.F.D. Roberts (eds.), Registrum Iohannis Mey: the Register of John Mey Archbishop of Armagh, 1443-1456, p. 357