Carlow Liberty: a medieval time line of events
Niall C.E.J. O’Brien
Before 1247 Carlow along with Kilkenny,
Wexford, Kildare and parts of modern day County Laois formed part of the
liberty of Leinster. William Marshal inherited Leinster by his marriage to the
daughter of Richard de Clare (otherwise known as Strongbow) and was succeeded
by his five sons in turn. But when the last of the five sons died in 1247
without a male heir the lordship of Leinster was divided equally among the five
daughters of William Marshal on which occasion the liberty of Carlow was
created. The following time line is by no means an exclusive list of events
that occurred in the liberty of Carlow in medieval times but should help
researchers get a broad outline of the liberty’s history. A number of items
relating to the liberty of Wexford are included as the two liberties had a
number of events in common.
The
partition of Leinster, 1247
1247, 3rd May: the great
lordship and liberty of Leinster was partition among the five daughters of
William Marshal after the last of his five sons died without leaving any male
heirs. The total value of Leinster was about £1,716 7s 8½d with each heir
getting £343 5s 6½d.[1] In
addition to the Irish property, the estates of William Marshal in England and Wales
were also partitioned five ways with a temporary extra division made for Walter
Marshal’s widow.
Matilda, or Maud, was the eldest
daughter, and in 1247, the only surviving daughter. In 1207 she married Hugh
Bigod, Earl of Norfolk and after his death in 1225 she married William, Earl
Warenne, who died in 1240. Matilda died in 1248 and was succeeded as lord of
Carlow by his son, Roger Bigod, 4th Earl of Norfolk, and Marshal of
England which he inherited from his mother. Roger died in 1270 and was succeeded
by his nephew, Roger as 5th Earl who in 1302 surrendered his whole
estate to the king. After his death in December 1306 Carlow and substantial
estates across England passed to King Edward 1. In 1307 the lordship of Carlow
was worth £343 0s 1½d.
Matilda Marshal received the liberty of
Carlow with the burgess of Carlow, the assizes and perquisitis of the county along
with the manors of Ballydunegan, Futhered, and Tamulyn, all in Carlow. The
castle of Old Ross, the burgess of New Ross, and the Great Island on the Barrow
below New Ross, all in Wexford. Matilda also got the manor of Ballysax in
Kildare along with knights’ fees in Carlow and Wexford.[2]
Joan Marshal, the second daughter,
received the liberty of Wexford. After 1219 she married Warin de Munchensi and
had a son, John de Munchensi (Monte Caniso) who in 1247 represented his
deceased mother. But John died shortly after the partition and was succeeded by
his sister Joan, wife of William de Valence, King Henry III’s half-brother, and
on 13th August 1247 they received seisin of the liberty of Wexford. The
property consisted of the burgess of Wexford, the assizes and perquisitis of
the county, along with the manors of Rosslare, Carrick, Ferns and Bannow with
the vill of Taghmon. The estate also received the manor of Odagh in County
Kilkenny along with knights’ fees across County Wexford. William de Valence was
made Earl of Pembroke in 1264 and died in 1296. Joan de Valence died in 1307
and was succeeded by her third and only surviving son Aymer de Valence.[3]
The liberty provided all the functions
of local government as the sheriff did in other counties while the four pleas:
arson, rape, treasure trove and forestalling, were reserved to the king.[4]
Liberty
of Carlow
1250: Theobald Walter, Butler of
Ireland, grants a large estate to Res son of Philip bounding the estate of
Baltinglass abbey in the cantred of Offelmet (Tullowphelim) in Carlow[5]
1259/1283: Theobald Walter received land
in Lower Ormond from Robert Talebot and gave Robert land in the cantred of Offelmeth,
Carlow which belonged to William son of Philip by gift of Fromund le Brun[6]
1260-1261: account of Hugh de Aleby
seneschal of Carlow to the Dublin exchequer[7]
1275: sheriff of Dublin told to go to
New Ross and seize any ship there not of the liberty of Leinster that hadn’t
first got to Waterford notwithstanding any rights of the liberty of Carlow[8]
1275: account of William le Grasther,
seneschal of Roger Bigod in Carlow to the Dublin exchequer[9]
1275-1276: account of the temporalities
of Leighlin = total £120 5s 3d[10]
1275-1279: account of Robert Kokerel,
seneschal of Carlow for Roger Bigod, to the Dublin exchequer = paid £63 14s 68d
to the Dublin treasury and £24 outstanding[11]
1279 to 1288: the longest run of
manorial accounts relate to the manor of Forth in Carlow between 1279 and 1288
when held by the Bigod Earls of Norfolk[12]
1279-1280: account of Philip de
Bokelaund, seneschal of Carlow for Roger Bigod, to the Dublin exchequer =
seneschal owes £94 8s 10½d while Earl Roger owes £445 11s 3½d = subsequently the
seneschal paid £59 10s 11d then a further £25 2s as part of the service of
Tristedermott and later paid another £10 15s 11½d and owes £5[13]
1280-1282: account of Philip de
Bokelaund, seneschal of Carlow for Roger Bigod, to the Dublin exchequer =
seneschal owes £78 5s ½d while Earl Roger still owes the £445[14]
1282: Theobald le Botiller and Philip de
Rupella exchanged various lands in modern-day Counties Wicklow, Dublin and
Carlow = this including land at Rush given by Theobald to Philip except the
extend at Rush which was granted to William de Valle for life in exchange for
William’s land at Roscatte (Roscat) in Carlow[15]
1282-1283: account of William Cadell,
seneschal of Carlow for Roger Bigod, to the Dublin exchequer = seneschal owes
£227 13s 1½d while Earl Roger still owes £445 = Art McMurrough owes £300,
William de Caunteton £200 and another £200 for failed pledges = the county owes
£33 for the army of Leinster = seneschal paid £206 2s 8½d and owes £50 2s 1d[16]
1288: Geoffry Fitz Ris gives all his
land in Omayl in the counties of Kildare and Carlow to John de Sandford,
Archbishop of Dublin for fifteen years for a silver penny at Easter[17]
1294-1302: Sir R. de Reidun was
seneschal of Carlow[18]
1297: the Irish from Slievemargy
attacked Leighlin and other towns in Carlow[19]
1299: in an action in the Carlow liberty
court concerning land a person outside the liberty was called to warrant
therefore the seneschal was told to redirect the case to the Dublin bench for
resolution[20]
William de Haukeswell was seneschal of Carlow[21]
1301-2: Richard de la Rokele was
seneschal of Carlow[22]
1302: in the summer or autumn the
government attacked the O’Nolans of Carlow[23]
1302: John Fitz Thomas was granted free
warren in his lands in Counties Kildare, Carlow and Limerick which included the
lands of Taghmothok and Ballynignon in Carlow[24]
1302: King Edward granted to Eustace le
Poer free warren on all his estates in Counties Waterford, Kilkenny, Connacht,
and Tipperary and at Nermy and Kilmohede in county Carlow = witnessed by Aymer
de Valence, among others[25]
1302, May: account of John Swein, king’s
receiver in County Carlow of the property lately belonging to Roger Bigod in
the king’s hand by feoffment = total £16 4s 7d paid to Earl’s seneschal[26]
1302-1306: account of County Carlow by
John, clerk and attorney of John de Houtone, the seneschal of Roger Bigod =
total £93 13s of which 100s paid into Dublin treasury and£88 13s outstanding[27]
1306: the liberty of Carlow reverted to
the crown and was briefly made a royal shire[28]
1307: parts of the Carlow liberty were
in neglect by 1307 with Carlow castle without a tenant and rents declining[29]
1307-8: Simon de Heyford, one of the
executors of Roger le Bigod, delivered the audited account rolls for the years
8-18 and 24 Edward 1 relating to the manors of Carlow, Forth, Fennagh,
Ballysax, Old Ross and New Ross[30]
1308: Walter Cane, constable of Carlow
castle for the king, desires to have the same fee as other constables are wont
to have[31]
Carlow/Wexford
1247: the Bigod lordship included the
liberty of Carlow along with extensive knight’s fees in Carlow (23¼ fees and
1/20 fee) and Wexford (12¾ fees)[32] =
the Wexford fees were located along the east coast, in mid county and scattered
places across southern Wexford from New Ross to Carnsore Point[33]
1247: some tenants like Adam Keating
held knight fees from the Bigod and Valence lordships, namely Slievecoiltia in
Shelburne from the Bigod fee and Kilcogain from the Valence fee[34]
1288: the seneschals of Carlow, Wexford,
Kilkenny and Kildare told to defend the marchlands along the River Barrow
corridor[35]
1307: the liberty of Carlow pays £44 8s
10d and the liberty of Wexford pays £44 8s 10d as does the liberty of Kilkenny
while the liberty of Kildare paid 100 marks[36]
1307: the Bigod share of Leinster
included knight fees in Wexford and Carlow[37]
Liberty
of Carlow
1307-1313: account of lands and
tenements formerly belonging to Roger Bigod, late Earl of Norfolk, in Carlow
and Wexford = receipts £42 10s 5d[38]
1307-1309: account of Adam Bretoun,
receiver of the former lands in Carlow, Wexford and Kildare = £380 receipts[39]
1307-1309: accounts of Arnald le Poer
and John de Boneville, seneschals of Carlow and of Adam Bretoun, Gilbert le
Paumer and John Lyuet, sheriffs, to the Dublin exchequer[40]
1308, August-October: Arnald le Poer, king’s
seneschal in the liberties of Kildare and Carlow[41]
1308, October – April 1309: John
Boneville, king’s seneschal in the liberties of Kildare and Carlow[42]
1309: temporalities of Leighlin in the
king’s hand July to November 1309 = £18 6s 8d = demesnes answered nothing as
tilled before bishop’s death[43]
1309-1313: account of Adam Bretoun,
sheriff of Carlow, to the Dublin exchequer = owes £117 4d = he further paid
into treasury £188 and owes £33[44]
1310, February: John Boneville, king’s
seneschal of Carlow and Kildare was killed allegedly by Arnald le Poer in
collusion with the Irish of the Leinster Mountains = in July a jury said David
de Offyntoun committed the killing[45]
1310: Thomas of Brotherton (born 1300)
was granted the former estates of Roger Bigod[46]
1311: John son of Richard Cadel grants
to Edumd Walter, Butler of Ireland, his manor of Clonleynan in Carlow saving a
piece of land called Strynelond in exchange for the land of Smetheston in the
barony of Ballygaveran[47]
1311: murage grant to the town of Old Leighlin[48]
1312: Thomas of Brotherton was created
Earl of Norfolk = the liberty of Carlow was renewed[49]
1312: Walter de Druhull quitclaims his
lands at Ballymackclathne in Obargy in Carlow to John de Cliftone, his wife and
heirs[50]
1313, March: the manor of Oboy in Carlow
and a mill of Jerpoint were given to three persons by King Edward II on a three
year lease at £20 per year rent = parcel of the estate of the late John de
Hastings during the minority of his son Laurence. Inquisition before the
seneschal of Carlow found the property was part of the dower of Isabella de
Hastings and transfer effective August 1313[51]
1313: escheator answers nothing for two
parts of the land of Richard Talun at Taghmolyng which were held in capite to the king and the rent of
the two parts as property deliver to John Talun before the escheator had title[52]
1313-1317: account of Adam Bretoun,
sheriff of Carlow, to the Dublin exchequer = owed £33 but allowed same for defending
Carlow with horse and foot soldiers = owed £91 for the account of Thomas, Earl
of Norfolk, and paid £24, allowed £26 for good service, £34 pardoned to Earl
Thomas and owes £7 = John de Lynet, late sheriff, owes £40 of which allowed £20
for fighting Irish in Idrone and fighting the Scots, allowed a further £20 for
dead charger in battle against the Scots and thus owes 16s 11d[53]
1315: Adam le Bretton asks that his
expenses incurred fighting the Irish be allowed against his account as sheriff
of Carlow[54]
1316, June: king takes into his hand
manor of Oboy in Carlow on the death of Isabella de Hastings = escheator
answers nothing as manor in the march = given to Thomas Fleming at ten marks
per year rent[55]
1316-1317: escheator accounts for land
of Reymund Chevere held in capite to
the king in County Carlow and given to Walter Purcel, tenant in capite = 17s 9¼d[56]
1317: John de Cliftone grants his lands
at Ballmaclathne in Estirmoy in County Carlow to John le Botiller as fully and
freely as he received same from William de Druhull = witnessed by Adam de
Britton, seneschal of Carlow, among others[57]
1317: John Aythan releases to Robert
Russell, burgess of Rosponte (New Ross) nine acres of land at Le Redeleie
within the burgery of New Ross which property was bounded by the land of Thomas
de Brotheton, Earl of Norfolk and Marshal of England on the south and by that
of Robert Russell on the north and in breath between the land of Robert Russell
on both sides[58]
1317: Thomas de Brotherton as Earl of
Norfolk and Marshal of England was a witness with others including Aymer de
Valence, Earl of Pembroke, of a confirmation grant in 1317 by King Edward II to
the creation in 1316 of Thomas Fitzgerald as Earl of Kildare and the grant of
the liberty of Kildare to him and the further grant of the sheriffdom of
Kildare which was retained by the crown in 1316[59]
1319: Thomas, Earl of Norfolk, requested
an allowance of £33 at the Dublin exchequer because his Carlow tenants were so
impoverished by the destruction of the Scots and Irish[60]
1319, circa: Thomas, Earl of Norfolk,
requests an allowance of £100 and more at the Dublin exchequer because the
seneschals of Carlow cannot carry out their duties and the Earl has received no
revenue from his Irish lands[61]
1322: Richard le Forester quitclaims to
John le Botiller of Tiperold all his messuages, land and rents at Rathenegys in
Obargy, in County Carlow and all rights, marriages, courts, paths etc., along
with commons in woods, moors, turbaries and mountains at Balmaclathne[62]
1322: Robert Power, parson of Killabban,
was outlawed for not appearing at the Dublin bench to answer as bailiff of
Killabban for John de Hastings but got pardon as John said he was satisfied
with Robert’s account[63]
1323, April: escheator answers nothing
for two parts of the land of William, son of Maurice de Caunteton in the
liberty of Carlow as it was given to Walter de Caunteton on the killing of
Robert, son of Maurice de Caunteton = Elizabeth, widow of William, owes for
land in Munster[64]
1329: the O’Nolan’s raided across Carlow
and even captured the Earl of Ormond’s brother[65]
1333: Thomas de Brotherton granted the
liberty of Carlow with all manors, property, knights’ fees and rights to his
son-in-law, William de Montacute for life and if the grantee dies within 15
years to remain with his executors and then to William son of Alice and William[66]
1333-4: Brother Roger Outlaw sent to
Carlow and six other counties to treat with English and Irish lords about
keeping the peace[67]
1338: died Thomas, Earl of Norfolk =
division of his estate between his widow, Mary (d.1362), Beatrice (d.1383),
widow of Edward Brotherton, and the two daughters of Thomas; Margaret wife of
John Lord Segrave (ward of Thomas Brotherton 1325-1336) and Alice wife of
Edward Montague (d.1361)[68]
Margaret de Brotherton stayed in England
and Carlow was in the king’s hand because no one came to Ireland to defend the
land = Margaret de Brotherton granted the liberty of Carlow to the Earl of
Pembroke and lord of Wexford without licence[69]
1338: the jurisdiction of the liberty of
Carlow seems to have disappeared shortly after and the area became an ordinary
royal county when the sheriff as the chief official in place of the seneschal
1341-4: John Moriz, deputy justiciar,
made war against the McMurrough Kavanaghs in Fothird and against the O’Nolan[70]
1344: Mary, wife of late Thomas, Earl of
Norfolk, appointed John de Lasseles and Godfrey Folejaunbe as her Irish
attorneys for the succeeding three years[71]
1347-8: Thomas Wogan paid £50 p.a. as
royal constable of Clonmore castle, Co. Carlow[72]
1347-9: Robert Ward paid £6 13s 4d p.a.
as constable of Carlow castle[73]
1348-9: grant £2 to the Carmelites of
Leighlin to repair the tower beside the bridge at Leighlin[74]
1349: Walter Keating, chaplain, grant
two thirds of the manor of Ardbristyn to James de Valle along the reversion of
the third part and with succession to various members of the de Valle family[75]
1350: Thomas Heyne, chaplain, grants to
John Bretoun various lands in and around County Carlow[76]
1350: the O’Nolan’s attack Fotherd and
burn the vills of Kilbele and Killergy[77]
1354: Henry Traharne was sheriff of
Carlow[78]
1355: the bishop of Leighlin with the
sheriff and other county officials can parley with the English and Irish and
resolved any conflict or damage inflicted by either side on the other[79]
1355-6: the O’Nolan’s were attacked by
Thomas de Rokeby, justiciar of Ireland = the O’Nolan’s attacked an unnamed
Carlow castle and were seen off by a small force of Nicholas Faucounberge[80] =
the O’Byrne’s were also attacked but not totally defeated[81]
1356: murage grant to the town of Tullow
in Carlow[82]
1358, June: John de la Freigne to have
Kilmehide manor in Carlow, formerly held by Eustace le Poer and taking into the
king’s hand by forfeiture[83]
1358, August: the communities of Kildare
and Carlow concluded a peace with the Irish which proved only temporary[84]
1358-9: William de Vale, sheriff of
Carlow, defended the county against attacks by the O’Nolan’s and killed some of
their chiefs = Sir John de Cornwall got money from the Dublin government to
rebuild Kilbele castle destroyed by the O’Nolan[85]
1359: Thomas Wale of Johnstown, Co.
Carlow got £20 as sheriff of Carlow for killing a few members of the O’Nolan
family and repelling the O’Byrne family[86]
1359-60: Patrick de la Freygne received
£20 for keeping troops at Dulnagh wood near Leighlin to defend against
McMurrough attacks = William de Vale got £9 10s in part pay of £20 granted to
him for expelling the O’Nolans from Carlow and other Irish who almost destroyed
he county[87]
1360-1: granted to John Britton of
Carlow £6 13s 4d because his lands were destroyed by the Irish and his tenants
expelled such he has little to live on = granted to Carmelites of Leighlin £6
13s 4d to keep armed troops within the friary and help repair the broken down
bridge[88]
1361: the Irish exchequer and judiciary
moved from Dublin to Carlow because Dublin was too remote and such features
like the River Barrow made communication better from Carlow[89]
1361/2: died Mary, Countess of Norfolk,
widow of Thomas of Brotherton[90]
1365: Lionel of Clarence, lieutenant of
Ireland, recovered many of the rural lands in Carlow[91] =
many of these lands were in waste and held by absentee landlords. Lionel
re-granted the estates to others who could better defend the properties[92]
1365, May: King Edward granted to
William Ilger the manor and towns of Tankardeston, Conkangan, Kilmeghon,
Betteston, and Sabyneston in Offelmyth in Carlow recovered as waste ground from
the Irish by Lionel of Antwerp and by the failure of the previous owners not
garrisoning the recovered property within a fortnight after the feat of St.
John the Baptist thus it was given to William Ilger[93]
1365, August: William Ilger granted to
James le Botiller, Earl of Ormond, the manor and towns of Tankardston, etc.,
that he had received from the crown in May 1365 by a deed signed at Tullagh in Offelmyth[94]
1365-6: Michael White paid £20 p.a. a
royal constable of Clonmore castle, Co. Carlow = 1365-6 Robert de Hilton paid
£5 p.a. as constable of Carlow castle[95]
1368, July: Anne, daughter and heir of
Walter de Mauny, Lord Mauny, by his wife Margaret, eldest daughter and heir of
Thomas de Brotheton, Earl of Norfolk and Lord of Carlow married John Hastings,
Earl of Pembroke, Lord of Wexford and Lord of Abergavenny[96]
1368-71: Walter, Lord Mauny asked for
restoration of his profits of his Irish lands so he could pay the constable of
Carlow castle[97]
1369: William of Windsor obliged by the
Irish council to keep a military force on the Carlow to Kilkenny highway so
that ‘loyal people may safely and securely’ travel ‘without hindrance of our
enemies and rebels’[98]
1372: died Walter Mauny, second husband
of Margaret of Brotherton[99]
1372-5: granted to Carmelites of
Leighlin £6 13s 4d to keep the bridge in repair and maintain troops to defend
the district = arrears of £18 accrued by 1375-6 of which the government paid £5[100]
1373, August-November: William Westcotes
was paid £5 as constable of Carlow castle[101]
1374: order to pay Walter Evere, former
constable of Carlow castle, £10 arrears of his fee which was £20 per annum[102]
1374: sheriff of Carlow sent writ to
elect two knights to attend parliament[103]
1374: Geoffrey Vale (sheriff of Carlow)
allowed £20 from the issues of County Carlow for services rendered to the
king’s service and to others[104]
1374: pay John Cornwahill £30 for 1½
years service as constable of Carlow castle = he served as constable in about
1368[105]
1374, February: Robert Broun, constable
of Carlow castle for life to hold as former constables Nicholas Cadwely and Thomas
Rothynges did[106]
1374, March: Richard Brune dcd held of
the K. in chief in co. Carlow 1 messuage and 1 carucate of land in Ardeneth as
of the K.’s manor of Castelston[107]
1375: Geoffrey Wale of Johnstown, Co.
Carlow was sheriff of the county and got £20 for his services.[108]
1375: died Joan, wife of William de
Ufford, Earl of Suffolk, and predeceased by all of her four sons without issue[109]
1375: 1½ burgage plots in Carlow town in
ruins fell to the king for unpaid debts after which the king granted them to
three individuals[110]
1375-6: the town and county of Carlow
were frequently attacked by forces of Kavanaghs = in 1376 undeclared number of
townsfolk of Carlow were killed by Irish enemies[111]
= granted to Carmelites of Leighlin £5 because their house and lands were
destroyed by the Irish such that they have nothing to live on[112]
1377-1381: Walter Eure constable of
Carlow castle = 1382-1387 constable of Carlow[113]
1378: granted to Geoffrey Wale, sheriff
of Carlow, 20 marks[114]
1378: writ sent to sheriff of Carlow to
send two knights to parliament[115]
1378: McMurrough attacked Carlow town
while at another time the O’Byrnes burnt Carlow town[116]
1380: sheriff of Carlow asked to send
two knights to parliament[117]
1382: died William de Ufford, Earl of
Suffolk, and his wife’s portion of the Brotherton estate passed to her aunt,
Thomas of Brotherton’s eldest daughter, Margaret[118]
1382: Commission to Thomas St Leger,
baron of Bargy [del Bargy], of custody of all lands in Ballydugg[er]an, co.
Carlow, which belonged to Edmund Mortimer, late earl of March and Ulster, and
have come into the K.'s hand by reason of the minority of Roger, his son [and
heir][119]
1383: died Beatrice, widow of Edward of
Brotherton, only son of Thomas of Brotherton[120]
1388: Grant to Geoffrey Vale custody of lands
that belonged to Edmund Mortimer, late earl of March, who held of the K. in
chief, in Balydongan, co. Carlow, and also the lands that belonged to Thomas St
Leger [Seint Legier] dcd, late baron of Bargy, in the K.'s hand by reason of
the minority of Richard, his son and heir[121]
1389: Simon de Vale, sheriff of Carlow,
to take various properties into the king’s hand[122]
1390: Grant to John Karlell for 60
years, without rent, of the K.'s tower at Hangyngbarre in the town of Carlow;
also K.'s old high way and a moiety of a messuage commonly called Waweynesheld
adjacent to that tower; on condition that he cause the tower and moiety of the
burgage within it to be repaired, inhabited and completed[123]
1393: Walter Eure, constable of Carlow
castle, given 20 marks to repair the castle[124]
1394: a Dublin smith was ordered to
Carlow to make guns and other armaments there to defend Carlow[125]
1395: king’s exchequer and common bench
to moved from Carlow to Dublin[126]
1395: 7th January the Earl of
Nottingham and lord of Carlow met MacMurrough in a field between Tullow and
Newcastle to negotiate peace = 16th February the Earl Nottingham met
Gerald O’Byrne, and Donal O’Nolan at Ballygory near Carlow and received their
submission = later MacMurrough submitted to peace = at Carlow and Castledermot
over the following two days other lords submitted[127]
1395: king grant licence to Edmund Carew
to give 2 messuages and 20 acres of land in New Leighlin, co. Carlow, which
were not held of the K. in chief, to the brethren of New Leighlin[128]
1396: while the king was in Ireland he
grant Carlow castle to Thomas de Mowbray, Earl of Nottingham and Marshal of
England[129]
1398, July 20th: Roger
Mortimer, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, was killed in a skirmish with the O’Byrne’s
near Carlow[130]
1399: died March 1399 Margaret of
Brotherton and lord of Carlow = died September 1399 her grandson, Thomas
Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk and briefly in spirit if not in title, lord of Carlow[131]
1399: the Brotherton estate according to
the inquisition post mortem was worth £1,476[132]
1401: John de Stanley, Lieutenant of
Ireland, testified at Carlow to the letters patent granted by King Henry IV
that the Earl of Ormond can hold all his property in Ireland by fee simple or
tail or for term of life at pleasure[133]
1401: levy of one crannock on every
cultivated carucate in Co. Carlow in the English area of influence[134]
1402: Isabella Botiller granted to John
Botiller a messuage and 80 acres at Kilmecathill along with property she has at
Rathenys in County Carlow and all the free tenants which belonged to Nicholas
Botiller in the county with remainder to Thomas son of John and further
remainders to other members of the extended Butler family[135]
1403, June: Geoffrey Vale, knight, and
John Cross to inquire concerning purveyors for the Lt's household in Co. Carlow[136]
1405: execution of Thomas Mowbray, Duke
of Norfolk and lord of Carlow, and succeeded by his brother, John (V) Mowbray,
Duke of Norfolk[137]
1405, June: Grant to Sir Edward Perrers the
office of constable of Carlow castle, late of Thomas Mowbray, Earl of
Nottingham, to have for as long as it remains the K.'s hand, receiving £20 p.a.
from the issues of all lands of the late Earl in Cos. Kildare, Carlow and
Wexford, any deficit being made up at the Ex. of Ire., = CPR 1405–8, p. 87 =
Edward Perrers appointed Carlow peace commissioner in 1403 and 1420[138]
1406, January: Appointment of Brother Vaale,
preceptor of Killergy, and Patrick Vaale as keepers of the peace in co. Carlow
= other commissioners appointed in 1346, 1382, 1403 and 1420[139]
1407, December: In 1405 Edward Perrers
was appointed constable of the castle of Carlow castle receiving from the King
an annual fee of £20 from the rents, issues and profits of all the property of
the late Earl of Nottingham in Cos. Carlow, Kildare and Wexford = but those
lands only generated £12 p.a., of which Thomas Walleys, receiver of the
lordship, got 10marks = Edward repaired the ruinous castle at his own expense =
grant to Edward of custody of the lordship for as long as it is in the King’s
hand, with an guaranteed £12 arising from those lordships in part-payment of
the fee of £20[140]
1408: royal grant of confirmation to
James Butler, Earl of Ormond, of various properties in Tipperary, Waterford,
Kilkenny, Kildare and the castle, manor and town of Tullow in Ofeilim in County
Carlow[141]
1411: parliamentary plans [21 May 1410],
to transfer the court of the Exchequer and common pleas to Carlow[142]
1413, November: John (V) Mowbray, Duke
of Norfolk, took livery of his estates which include the Mowbray patrimony as
well as Beauchamp and Breouse (£1,017), along with the Segrave(£575) and
Brotherton (£1,476) inheritances[143]=
the Brotherton inheritance consisted of 10 manors in Norfolk, 13 manors in
Suffolk, 5 manors in Sussex, 3 manors in Essex, 1 manor in Hertford, the
lordship of Chepstow and the liberty of Carlow[144]
1414: appointment of Thomas son of Simon
Vale as sheriff of Carlow[145]
1432: died John (V) Mowbray, Duke of
Norfolk and lord of Carlow, and succeeded by his son, John (VI) Mowbray[146]
1434: writs issued to the sheriff of Co.
Carlow[147]
1435: previous 30 years Carlow was a
vital link between Dublin and Kilkenny and Tipperary = now the land of Carlow
was laid waste with only two active castles, Carlow and Tullow where in the
1370s there were 148 castles = most of the countryside was in the control of
Irish enemies or English rebels[148]
[No date]: commission for overseeing the
repairs of Carlow Castle[149]
1440: inquisition into the lands of John
Mowbray in Carlow, Wexford and Kildare[150]
1442: order to pay Henry Vale, chaplain,
constable of the castle of Carlow, at his own costs, without royal pay = 40s granted
to him for custody of a year and more[151]
1448: John (VII) Mowbray married
Elizabeth, daughter of John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury[152]
1448, March: John (VI) Mowbray granted
all his Irish property to his cousin, William Berkeley for life at a rent rose
per year, son of his aunt Isabel[153]
1457: John son of Thomas Butler
quitclaimed the lands of Kylmacathill, Rathenys and Ballymaclathan in Carlow to
Edmund son of Richard Butler[154]
1461: died John (VI) Mowbray, Duke of
Norfolk and lord of Carlow and succeeded by his son John (VII) Mowbray[155]
1476: died John (VII) Mowbray, Duke of
Norfolk and lord of Carlow and succeeded by his daughter Anne Mowbray
1478: Anne Mowbray (aged 5) married
Richard (aged 4), Duke of York (cr.1477),and second son of King Edward IV
1470s: the Earl of Kildare gradually
extended his influence into Carlow at the expense of the central government[156]
1481: died Anne Mowbray = William
Berkeley created Viscount Berkeley
1483, February: the Earl of Kildare,
deputy lieutenant of Ireland, had brought Carlow and Kildare under royal
control and at he had re-granted all waste ground from Calverstown to Carlow
and onto Leighlinbridge[157]
= he used an act of parliament to transfer absentee lands to himself for
re-granting[158]
= the act is said elsewhere to have been passed in 1482[159]
1483: died 9th April King
Edward IV = 26th June Richard becomes King Richard III = 28th
June William Berkeley created Earl of Nottingham[160]
1483: died Richard, Duke of York and
Duke of Norfolk (one of the princes in the Tower), at which the Mowbray
inheritance was divided between John Lord Howard (created Duke of Norfolk), son
of Robert Howard and Margaret Mowbray, daughter of Thomas Mowbray (d.1399),
Earl of Nottingham, Duke of Norfolk and Earl Marshal; and William Lord
Berkeley, son of James Berkeley, second husband of Isabel Mowbray, second
daughter of Thomas Mowbray (d.1399), Earl of Nottingham[161]
= Carlow was divided in half between Howard and Berkeley[162]
= Richard’s elder brother was King Edward V who in 1479 was created Earl of
Pembroke and became king on 9th April 1483 after the death of his
father King Edward IV. William Herbert, one time Earl of Pembroke surrender it
in 1479 to become Earl of Huntingdon, was chamberlain to Prince Edward. It is
reported that Edward V died on 9th April 1484[163]
1484: William Berkeley, Earl of
Nottingham, gave King Richard III virtually all of his estate to settle a debt
of £5,000 while the king would pay William 400 marks per year for life from the
customs of England[164]
1484: William Berkeley, Earl of
Nottingham, held half of the liberty of Carlow[165]
1492: died William Berkeley, Earl of
Nottingham and Marquess of Berkeley (cr.1489) and succeeded by his brother,
Maurice Berkeley who recovered 50 of the 70 Mowbray manors alienated by William
but it wasn’t until the death of King Edward VI that the family recovered
Berkeley castle[166]
1495: the small royal garrison in Carlow
castle were expelled by James Fitzgerald after his brother the Earl of Kildare
was arrested = Sir James Ormond retook it for the crown and the castle was
given to the care of O Conchobhair[167]
1505: Thomas Butler, Earl of Ormond,
grants the manors of Tillagh in Ofelmyth and Arklow along with all other lands,
tenements, rents, services and reversions in County Carlow[168]
= depositions in 1533 of various people that such grant was lawful
1506: died Maurice Lord Berkeley and
holder of half of Carlow
1509: Thomas Butler, Earl of Ormond,
gave custody of his lands in Tipperary, Kilkenny, Limerick, Waterford and
Carlow to Sir Piers Butler reserving the appointment of sheriffs, seneschals,
recorders, constables and other officers and excepting the prise wines[169]
1518: Gerald Fitzgerald, 9th
Earl of Kildare, held the castle and town of Carlow with other lands by act of
parliament[170]
1527: Piers Butler, Earl of Ormond,
quitclaims to Sir John Tobin ad Sir Nicholas Moling, chaplains, all his lands
in the counties of Kilkenny, Tipperary and the lands, rents and services of Le
Fasagh of Bentre in Carlow[171]
1528, March: grant by Thomas Howard,
Duke of Norfolk, of the manor and lordship of Old Ross in County Carlow along
with all manors and rights in Fasagh of Bentre in Odrone, all rights from the
bridge of Leighlin to New Ross and onto the sea and from New Ross to
Enniscorthy with the manors of Ferns, Tymoling, Great Island and Little Island,
all services and rights of New Ross with the mill and ferry for five years at
£20 rent per year and excluding the castle and lordship of Carlow[172]
1529: Katerine Benet of Rossponte, by
way of two chaplains, grants property in Rossponte, and in Counties Carlow,
Wexford and Kilkenny to the use of Sir Piers Butler, Earl of Ossory and his
wife, Dame Margaret Fitzgerald[173]
1531: act of parliament to return
absentee lands that were in waste from the Earl of Kildare to their early
owners = the Duke of Norfolk claimed the return of his Carlow lands = Norfolk
leased his lands to the Earl of Ossory[174]
1533: the Earl of Kildare was accused by
his own brother, Sir James Fitzgerald, of ruining the castles of Kildare and
Carlow[175]
1536: act of absentees that Thomas
Howard, Duke of Norfolk and Lord Berkeley claim as ancestral inheritance the
seigniory and lordship of Carlow, Old Ross and various other manors. George
Talbot, Earl of Waterford and Shropshire, claims the seigniory of Wexford … by
their negligence and disorder thereof, and especially within the counties of
Carlow and Wexford … the king shall have, hold and enjoy all honours, manors,
castles, seigniories, hundreds, franchises, liberties, county palatines etc[176]
1536: inquisition of the lordship of
Carlow held by Norfolk and Berkeley made in November/December say they hold the
manor, castle and villa of Carlow as well as various properties around Carlow
town and the mid Carlow region as well as chief rents with Ballysax manor in
Kildare. In County Wexford it is said that Norfolk and Berkeley have the manors
of Fassabentre, Innescorty (Enniscorthy) and Dypse with the castle and manor of
Ferns and the villa of Old Ross.[177]
1540: Margaret, Countess Dowager of
Ormond, was grant the manors of Tollo (Tullow) and Bynecorre in County Carlow
as part of her dower lands which included other property in Counties Tipperary
and Kilkenny.[178]
1541: the Norfolk manors of Carlow,
Ballysax, Dippes, Ferns castle, Ross town, Pouersmill mill, and the passage of
the water of Ross in the lordship of Old Ross and Enniscorthy is worth £90 in
total[179]
1542: Maurus Kavanagh Cloghecristike
granted to Edmund Purcell of Clonmoylskin and Leonard Blanchville of
Madokestown various properties in County Carlow for the use of James Butler,
Earl of Ormond[180]
1544: Maurice MacArt O’Nolan granted to
James Sweetman of Castelleff and Leonard Blanchville of Downmore various
properties in County Carlow for the use of James Butler, Earl of Ormond, and
his heirs = in the same year Teig O’Bryn gave various lands in County Carlow to
James and Leonard for the use of the Earl of Ormond[181]
1545: James Butler, Earl of Ormond,
named the manor or lordship of Tullow, Co. Carlow, along with twenty-two other
properties in the county in his will[182]
1546: Terence O’Bryn and Eugene O’Bryn
gave James Sweetman and Leonard Blanchvlle various properties in County Carlow
to hold for the use of James Butler, Earl of Ormond, and his heirs forever[183]
1562: Charles O’Nolan, Gerald O’Nolan
and John MacDonoghe granted to Edmund Butler of Tullowphelim the lands of
Ballynonry in County Carlow forever[184]
1563: the Queen lifting all restrictions
she held on the estate of Edmund Butler of Cloghgrenan in County Carlow[185]
1566: Francis Randolph constable of
Carlow castle[186]
1567: Robert Harpoole to have 21 year
lease on the castle and manor of Carlow[187]
1568: Henry Davells was sheriff of
Carlow[188]
1568: Dowyllyn Kavanagh quitclaimed any
rights he had to the estate of Cloghgrenan in Carlow to Edmund Butler of
Cloghgrenan[189]
1568: Queen Elizabeth granted to Edmund
Butler of Cloghgrenan in Carlow all the property of the late dissolved
monastery of Great Connell including Ballysax in Kildare, formerly part of the
lordship of Carlow and other lands in Kildare, Laois and Carlow[190]
1569: Sir Peter Carew in Carlow trying
to capture castles and receive cessed soldiers from Brain mac Cahir while
support from the seneschal and sheriff of County Waterford is unforthcoming[191]
= should this be seneschal of Wexford
1569: Butler rebellion in Carlow and military
movements[192]
1570: Edmund Butler of Cloghgrenan
granted his County Carlow estate to various trustees in September 1570 and in
October 1570 surrendered his estates to the Queen[193]
1571: Earl of Ormond estate in County
Carlow comprised the lands of Rathvilly, Clonmore, Tullaghphelim, Kellistown,
Powerstown, Leighlin and Ballyknockan[194]
1572: John Roe as sheriff of Carlow[195]
Carlow/Wexford
1313: Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke
(lord of Wexford), Thomas, Earl of Norfolk (the king’s brother and lord of Carlow),
and Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester and Hertford (lord of Kilkenny) were
granted pontage for twenty years to build and repair a bridge over the River
Barrow between the towns of Ross and Rosbargon[196]
1317: Aymer de Valence as Earl of
Pembroke was one of the witnesses along with Thomas de Brotherton, Earl of
Norfolk and Marshal of England, to the grant of confirmation by King Edward II
of the creation of Thomas Fitzgerald as Earl of Kildare in 1316 and the
subsequent grant to him of the liberty of Kildare and the sheriffdom which was
reserved to the crown in the 1316 creation[197]
1334: William Caunteton of Kilworth, Co.
Cork died seized of land in County Cork of the king in fee, properties in
County Carlow of Nicholas Carew, and properties at Glascarrig in Wexford of
Aymer de Valence[198]
1341-3: John Moriz sent writs to various
magnates in Carlow, Wexford and other counties[199]
1351: William de Bromeleye and John de
Pembroke collected debts to the king in the Counties of Carlow, Wexford,
Kilkenny, Tipperary, Limerick, Waterford and Cork[200]
1355-6: John de Troye and William de
Burton collected debts to the king inside and outside the liberties of Carlow
and Wexford and in other counties[201]
1368, July: John Hastings, Earl of
Pembroke, Lord of Wexford and Lord of Abergavenny, marries as his second wife
Anne, daughter and heir of Walter de Mauny, Lord Mauny, by his wife Margaret,
eldest daughter and heir of Thomas de Brotheton, Earl of Norfolk and Lord of
Carlow[202]
1375: grant of pavage and murage to the
town of New Ross in Wexford[203]
1375-6: John St. John of Tilladoman in
the barony of Bargy, in Wexford, died leaving his son a minor. John held his
lands from Sir Walter Mauny, deceased, second husband of Margaret, Duchess of
Norfolk, and eldest daughter of Thomas de Brotherton, lord of Carlow[204]
1389: confirmation and enlargement of
the New Ross charter of the thirteenth century[205]
1392: grant of murage and pavage to the
town of New Ross in Wexford[206]
1395: grant of custom rights to the town
of New Ross[207]
1400: confirmation of town charter of
1389 to New Ross[208]
1400: Thomas Harbrek, constable of
Carlow castle to take into king’s hand all the property in Counties Carlow,
Kildare and Wexford of late Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk and of Thomas de
Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk[209]
1403, May: Licence to Patrick Barret, bishop
Ferns, to treat with all persons, both English and Irish, enemies and rebels,
in the marches of cos. Wexford, Kilkenny and Carlow to restore order[210]
1405, August: Commission to John
Allerton of custody of lands [etc.] and advowsons of churches that belonged to
Thomas Mowbray, Earl of Nottingham, in Cos. Kildare, Carlow and Wexford for as
long as they are in the K.'s hand[211]
1408: confirmation of town charter of
1400 to New Ross[212]
1412: Brother Thomas Butler, deputy of
Thomas of Lancaster, Lt of Ire., appointed to resist malice rebels in parts of
Cos. Dublin, Meath, Louth, Kildare and Carlow, while Patrick, bishop Ferns, is
occupied in Co. Wexford[213]
1414: confirmation of town charter of
1408 to New Ross and expansion of rights[214]
1420: appointment of John Lumbard, Mr.
Stafford, Robert Folyng', William […] and Mr. Baldewyne to inquire in Cos.
Carlow, Wexford, Waterford, Kilkenny, Tipperary, Cork and Kerry concerning
treasons, felonies, and acquired possessions against Mortmain; and also
concerning labourers and false weights; and to hold, hear and determine all
pleas[215]
1440: 1nquisitions of John Mowbray, late
duke of Norfolk, who held in Ireland: the manor of Olde Rosse with the town of
New Ross, and the castle and Hervey island, of the King by knight service,
worth £10 p.a. = the manor of Fethard, in chief by knight service, worth 12d
p.a. = the manor of Ballysaxe, co. Kildare, held in chief by knight service,
worth 20s p.a. = the castle of Carlow with the corporation of the county and
borough there = Mowbray had issue John, his son and heir, then 17 years old.
The K. has respited the homage of John, the son, for 6s 8d and thus give him full
seisin[216]
1466 (circa): James son of Edmund
Fitzrichard le Butler given custody and governance of all the lands of John
Butler, Earl of Ormond, in Carlow, Wexford, Kilkenny, Tipperary, Waterford and
elsewhere[217]
1482: William, Viscount Berkeley and
lord of Carlow, was bound to John, late Earl of Shrewsbury, of sums amounting
to £34,000 which the king exemplified by act of parliament[218]
Liberty
of Wexford
1306: the exchequer court of the liberty
of Wexford was mentioned as having power of distain over a virgate of land and
buildings in New Ross that was granted by John le Parker and Margery his father
to Edmund le Botiller[219]
1308: the usual set up was six oxen to
two horses in the plough-team in Wexford[220]
1310: some fees of the Bigod lordship in
Wexford passed to the Valence lordship such as Kilcavan in the barony of Bargy[221]
= but the evidence for other places is unclear = it is said that the Bigod
overlordship of Glascarrig passed to the Valence fee and Amyer de Valence was
landlord of 27 carucates there in 1321 but Glascarrig is not in the Valence
feodary of 1324[222]
1317: Aymer de Valence as Earl of
Pembroke was one of the witnesses to the grant of confirmation by King Edward
II of the creation of Thomas Fitzgerald as Earl of Kildare in 1316 and the
subsequent grant to him of the liberty of Kildare and the sheriffdom which was
reserved to the crown in the 1316 creation = Thomas de Brotherton, Earl of
Norfolk, Lord of Carlow and Marshal of England was another witness to the
confirmation grant[223]
1356-8:
The O’Byrne’s attacked the settlers in County Wexford with mounted soldiers and
foot soldiers[224]
1368, July: John Hastings, Earl of
Pembroke, Lord of Wexford and Lord of Abergavenny, marries as his second wife
Anne, daughter and heir of Walter de Mauny, Lord Mauny, by his wife Margaret,
eldest daughter and heir of Thomas de Brotheton, Earl of Norfolk and Lord of
Carlow[225]
1375/6, January: wardship of the estates
of the late Earl of Pembroke granted to his widow, Anne de Mauny and her
mother, the Countess of Norfolk[226]
1385, June: the Countess of Norfolk
granted custody of her grandson, John Hastings, for five years
1386/7, February: Countess of Norfolk
made indenture with William de Beauchamp, keeper of the estates in Pembroke and
elsewhere in Wales (made keeper in March 1377/8), to grant the whole estate to
John Hastings[227]
1395, 28th April: grant by
King Richard II of a large part of north Wexford to Sir John de Beaumont
including the seven manors of Farringmall, O’Felmigh, Shermall, Lymalagoughe,
Shelela, Gory and Dipps[228]
1455: the seneschal the Wexford liberty
and the sovereign of Wexford town wrote to the great magnates (the Earl of
Ormond and the 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury, claimant to the liberty
against Lord Grey de Ruthyn) and to parliament
complaining that Edmund Butler and Thomas of Desmond had joined with the
Kavanaghs to plunder and burn across County Wexford for four days and nights[229]
1518: Gerald Fitzgerald, 9th
Earl of Kildare, held the manor of Dyppys and the manor of Enniscorthy with
other property include part of the manor of Old Ross[230]
1535: the treasurer of war in Ireland
recommends to Thomas Cromwell that the king should seize the county of Wexford
and castle of Carlow and other lands from spiritual men in England and banish
the Irish inhabitants[231]
1536: act of absentees that Thomas Howard,
Duke of Norfolk and Lord Berkeley claim as ancestral inheritance the seigniory
and lordship of Carlow, Old Ross and various other manors. George Talbot, Earl
of Waterford and Shropshire, claims the seigniory of Wexford … by their
negligence and disorder thereof, and especially within the counties of Carlow
and Wexford … the king shall have, hold and enjoy all honours, manors, castles,
seigniories, hundreds, franchises, liberties, county palatines etc[232]
1536: inquisition of the lordship of
Carlow held by Norfolk and Berkeley say in County Wexford that they have the
manors of Fassabentre, Innescorty (Enniscorthy) and Dypse with the castle and
manor of Ferns and the villa of Old Ross.[233]=
some of these properties were granted by King Richard II to Sir John Beaumont
in 1395[234]=
the inquisition to the lands of the Earl of Shrewsbury says he holds the manor
of Rosslare, Ballymore, Balmaskellers, Barge, and Kyldowan along with the town
of Wexford with various chief rents[235]
= most of these lands lie in south Wexford = it appears that the Earl of
Shrewsbury recovered some of his estate as in the time of Charles 1, the family
of FitzNichol held Ballycowan in Forth as of the Earl of Shrewsbury’s castle of
Wexford[236]
1538: William St. Lowe to Thomas
Cromwell says he only has the seneschalship of Wexford (worth 25 marks) to live
on as the property he was granted borders the Kavanaghs and he can’t get the 25
marks per year[237]
1566: Wexford to be restored to its
previous civil state with the suppression of the rebellion by the O’Tooles,
O’Byrnes and Kavanaghs[238]
1568: the Lord Deputy should restore to
the Earl of Kildare the former estates of his family but exclude the manor of
Old Ross and other lands in the county of Wexford that did not belong to the
Earl and came to the crown by other title[239]
1568: the O’Byrnes and Kavanaghs of
Wexford are quiet[240]
1568: New Ross imports 100 tuns of wine
while Wexford imports 60 tuns at a duty of 40s a ton most other ports import
200 tuns and above with Galway the top port with 1,000 tuns[241]
1569: Thomas Stukeley, late of
Enniscorthy was seneschal of Wexford[242] =
Nicholas White replaced Stukeley as constable of Wexford castle[243]
Sir Nicholas Heron was made constable of Ferns but went off to England and left
it to a local person = Cecil would like Nicholas White to be seneschal of
Wexford = White was to get the ward of Leighlin house but Sidney gave it to
somebody else on Carew’s recommendation[244]
1569: Francis Agard patrolling north
Wexford between Arklow, Ferns and the Barrow[245]
1570: Nicholas White is responsible for
the government of Wexford and justice for travellers in 35 mile zone. He
punished the Kavanaghs by spilling blood but his position is under treat.[246]
1570: Wexford paid £300 on wine customs
and fines relating to leases and pardons while Ross paid £8 8s 8d[247]
1601: Thomas, Earl of Ormond, ultimate
owner of the manor of Great Island in Wexford agrees to transfer the manor from
Robert Rothe and Henry Shee to Edward Gough, Richard Comerford and Patrick St.
Leger[248]
= 1602 the Great Island was part of the entailed lands of the late Earl of
Ormond[249]
= The Great Island was formerly part of the Liberty of Carlow
Carlow/Wexford
1458: act of parliament 36 Henry VI 5
chief sergeants in shires, liberties and franchises liable for returns[250]
1519: Earl of Ormond, Peter Butler,
George Sherlock and others along with sovereigns of Kilkenny and Ross to
investigate all treasons, felons, falsehoods etc., in the counties of Kilkenny,
Waterford, Limerick, Cork, Kerry, Wexford, Tipperary and Carlow both within and
without liberties[251]
1522: judicial commission sent to the
counties of Carlow, Wexford, Kilkenny, Tipperary, Limerick and Cork and the
cross-lands of same[252]
1523: judicial commission sent to the
counties of Carlow, Wexford, Kilkenny, Tipperary, Limerick and Cork and the
cross-lands of same[253]
1533: act of parliament 25 Henry VIII
include abbey lands in Carlow and Wexford to be given to the king[254]
1539: Lord Deputy Grey heard legal cases
in Carlow, Kilkenny, New Ross, Waterford, Wexford and Clonmel[255]
1545: John Hackett, alias Ridelsford, of
Naas gave to James Sweetman and Leonard Blanchville various lands in Counties
Kildare and Carlow for the use of James Butler, Earl of Ormond, which deed was
witnessed by Walter Cowley (King’s solicitor) and James White (justice of the
liberty of Wexford)[256]
1566: a sheriff is needed in the civil
parts of Dublin, Kilkenny, Carlow and Wexford to hear cases under common law
and oyer and terminer[257]
1566: the list of impositions upon
counties return £1,700 for Wexford and £1,200 for Carlow while the spoils for
Wexford and Carlow amount to £1,300[258]
1566: in Kavanagh country, Murrough’s
country, Mac Edmund Duff’s country Mac Davy Mor’s country and MacVadoug’s
country lying partly in Counties Wexford and Carlow, Nicholas Heron, captain of
Leighlin and Ferns, is appointed seneschal of Wexford = seneschals appointed to
different parts of Dublin and Wicklow, where like Wexford, these areas to be
govern by common law with Brehon law excluded[259]
1567: Counties Carlow and Wexford have,
besides their sheriffs, Thomas Stukeley who is seneschal of Wexford and captain
of Leighlinbridge[260]
= Francis Cosby was seneschal of Laois = Henry Colley was seneschal of Offaly
and both counties had sheriffs[261]
1568: the Earl of Kildare seeks
restoration of his father’s estates = make surveys in Meath, Westmeath, Dublin,
Kildare, Queen’s, King’s and Carlow to be restored = but the Earls claims in
certain parts of Meath, Kildare and Wexford to be dismissed as the queen has
better claims to title[262]
1568: Thomas Stukeley was constable of Wexford,
Ferns and Leighlin until ordered remove by Sidney on the queen’s instructions =
Sir Nicholas Heron offered these positions but died so offered to Nicholas
White = if council of Munster established then lessen the charges on Leighlin[263]
1569: Nicholas White to have lease of
Dunbrody abbey and the parsonage of Baltinglass along with properties in other
counties[264]
1569: proposed bills in parliament to
include the resumption of all franchises, liberties and jurisdictions to
assemble, guide and govern, except the liberties of Tipperary and Kerry[265]
1569: Nicholas White has do a good job
as constable of Leighlin and he proposes to declare martial law in Wexford to
remove some rebels there[266]
1569: Earl of Ormond told to keep the
junior Butler families in Carlow and Wexford under control[267]
1571: the Irish counties adjoining the
Pale were lately made shire ground by act of parliament and are now in good
obedience[268]
1572: the government had successfully
extended its muster roll to include the Counties of King’s, Queen’s, Kilkenny,
Carlow and Wexford[269]
1573: the government placed a cess of
the Pale counties and on Carlow and Wexford to pay for the rebellion of the
O’Connors[270]
1570s: Wexford contributed its
requirements to cess but at only half what Louth could pay, yet it could
provide victuals. Carlow and Tipperary provided less than Kilkenny and were
poor on victuals because they had less cultivated land[271]
1579: the Gerrard report recommended
that the chief justice of the common pleas should hear cases in Cos. Queen’s,
Carlow, Kilkenny, Wexford, Waterford and Tipperary[272]
1586: Wexford and Carlow were included
in the area subject to composition in lieu of cess which included the other counties
of King’s, Queen’s, Tipperary, Kilkenny and the Pale[273]
1594: the Earl of Ormond allowed to
execute martial law within the Pale which area was defined as including Dublin,
Kildare, Queen’s, Carlow, Kilkenny, and Wexford[274]
1596: the Earl of Ormond made military
commander in Counties Dublin, Kildare, Carlow, Kilkenny, King’s and Queen’s and
Wexford[275]
1617: the Earl of Arundel seeks recovery
of ancestral estates in Ireland[276]
1633, May: King Charles instructs Lord
Deputy Stafford to find an Irish estate for the Earl of Arundel[277]
1635: the Earl of Arundel desires to
recover Carlow, Old Ross and Wexford as ancestral property[278]
Later
Liberties
1617: the palatine liberty of Tipperary
was abolished because Earl Ormond lost his court case against the friend of
King James, Richard Preston[279]
1621: the palatine liberty of Tipperary
was resumed by the crown[280]
1662: the palatine liberty of Tipperary
was restored to James Butler, 12th Earl of Ormond and 1st
Duke of Ormond and extended to cover the baronies of Arra and Owney and the
cross lands of Tipperary[281]
1716: the palatine liberty of Tipperary
was abolished by act of parliament because of the attainder of the 2nd
Duke rather than any ideas of reforming local government[282]
1757: the archbishop of Dublin was
unsuccessful at introducing a bill in parliament to abolish the liberty of St.
Patrick located within the liberty of St. Sepulchre[283]
1856: the liberty of St. Sepulchre was
abolished by act of parliament and its legal functions passed to such courts of
law as would have enjoyed such authority if the liberty had not existed[284]
===============
End of post
===============
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[173] Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, Volume IV,
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[174] Quinn, ‘The re-emergence of English policy as a major factor in
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[196] Dryburgh & Smith (eds.), Handbook
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[205] Weinbaum (ed.), British
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[206] Weinbaum (ed.), British
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[207] Weinbaum (ed.), British
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[219] Curtis (ed.), Calendar of
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[222] Brooks, Knights’ fees in
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[223] Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, 1172-1350 A.D., no. 529
[224] Connolly (ed.), Irish
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[225]The Complete Peerage, vol. X, p. 393
[226]The Complete Peerage, vol. X, pp. 394, 395
[227]The Complete Peerage, vol. X, p. 395
[228] Brooks, Knights’ fees in Counties Wexford, Carlow and Kilkenny, 13th-15th Century, pp. 6, 7
[229] Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, volume III, 1413-1509 A.D., pp. 173-175
[230] Mac Niocaill (ed.), Crown
Surveys of Lands 1540-41 with the Kildare rental begun in 1518, pp. 307,
308
[231] Brewer & Bullen (eds.), Calendar of the Carew Manuscripts, Vol. 1 (1515-1574), p. 85
[232] Brewer & Bullen (eds.), Calendar of the Carew Manuscripts, Vol. 1 (1515-1574), p. 112
[233] Mac Niocaill (ed.), Crown Surveys of Lands 1540-41 with the Kildare rental begun in 1518, pp. 11-14
[234] Brooks, Knights’ fees in
Counties Wexford, Carlow and Kilkenny, 13th-15th Century,
pp. 6, 7
[235] Mac Niocaill (ed.), Crown Surveys of Lands 1540-41 with the Kildare rental begun in 1518, pp. 15-18
[236] Brooks, Knights’ fees in
Counties Wexford, Carlow and Kilkenny, 13th-15th Century,
p. 22
[237] Gairdner, J., & Brodie, R.H. (eds.), Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, Volume 13, Part 1, January-July 1538 (London, 1898), p. 33, no. 97
[238] Cunningham (ed.), Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, Tudor Period, 1566-1567, no. 324
[239]Ó Laidhin, T. (ed.), Sidney State Papers, 1565-70 (Dublin, 1962), no. 55 (2)
[240] Cunningham (ed.), Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, Tudor Period, 1568-1571, no. 241
[241] Cunningham (ed.), Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, Tudor Period, 1568-1571, no. 286
[242] O’Dowd (ed.), Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, Tudor Period, 1571-1575, no. 22
[243] Crawford, J., Anglicizing the
Government of Ireland: The Irish Privy Council and the expansion of Tudor rule,
1556-1578 (Blackrock, 1993), p. 470
[244] Cunningham (ed.), Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, Tudor Period, 1568-1571, no. 349
[245] Cunningham (ed.), Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, Tudor Period, 1568-1571, no. 476
[246] Cunningham (ed.), Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, Tudor Period, 1568-1571, no. 530
[247] Cunningham (ed.), Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, Tudor Period, 1568-1571 (Dublin, 2010), no. 607
[248]Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, Volume VI, 1584-1603 A.D., p. 196
[249]Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, Volume VI, 1584-1603 A.D., p. 163
[250] Cunningham (ed.), Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, Tudor Period, 1566-1567 (Dublin, 2009), no. 117, p. 65
[251] Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, Volume IV,
1509-1547 A.D., p. 56
[252] Quinn, ‘The re-emergence of English policy as a major factor in
Irish Affairs, 1520-34’, pp. 638-661, at p. 669; Curtis (ed.), Calendar of
Ormond Deeds, Volume IV, 1509-1547 A.D., p. 74
[253] Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, Volume IV,
1509-1547 A.D., p. 79
[254] Cunningham (ed.), Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, Tudor Period, 1566-1567, no. 117, p. 58
[255] Crawford, Anglicizing the Government of Ireland, 1556-1578, p. 203, note 111
[256] Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, Volume IV,
1509-1547 A.D., p. 278
[257] Cunningham (ed.), Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, Tudor Period, 1566-1567, no. 79
[258] Cunningham (ed.), Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, Tudor Period, 1566-1567, no. 321
[259] Cunningham (ed.), Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, Tudor Period, 1566-1567, no. 79
[260] Cunningham (ed.), Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, Tudor Period, 1566-1567, no. 549
[261] Cunningham (ed.), Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, Tudor Period, 1566-1567, no. 549
[262] Cunningham (ed.), Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, Tudor Period, 1568-1571, no. 202
[263] Cunningham (ed.), Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, Tudor Period, 1568-1571, no. 234; Quinn, D.B., ‘Additional Sidney State Papers, 1566-70’, in Analecta Hibernica, No. 26 (1970), pp. 89-102, at p. 98
[264] Cunningham (ed.), Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, Tudor Period, 1568-1571, no. 310
[265] Cunningham (ed.), Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, Tudor Period, 1568-1571, no. 317
[266] Cunningham (ed.), Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, Tudor Period, 1568-1571, no. 375
[267] Cunningham (ed.), Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, Tudor Period, 1568-1571, no. 500
[268] Cunningham (ed.), Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, Tudor Period, 1568-1571, no. 662
[269] Crawford, Anglicizing the
Government of Ireland, 1556-1578, p. 303
[270] Crawford, Anglicizing the
Government of Ireland, 1556-1578, p. 286
[271] Crawford, Anglicizing the
Government of Ireland, 1556-1578, pp. 378, 379
[272] Crawford, Anglicizing the Government of Ireland, 1556-1578, p. 215, note 162
[273] Crawford, Anglicizing the
Government of Ireland, 1556-1578, p. 405
[274]Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, Volume VI, 1584-1603 A.D., p. 70
[275]Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, Volume VI, 1584-1603 A.D., p. 100
[276] Treadwell, V., Buckingham and Ireland, 1616-1628: A Study in Anglo-Irish Politics (Dublin, 1998), p. 113
[277] Treadwell, Buckingham and Ireland, 1616-1628: A Study in Anglo-Irish Politics, p. 113
[278] Treadwell, Buckingham and Ireland, 1616-1628: A Study in Anglo-Irish Politics, p. 113
[279]Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, Volume VI, 1584-1603 A.D., p. v
[280]Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, Volume VI, 1584-1603 A.D., p. vi
[281]Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, Volume VI, 1584-1603 A.D., p. vi
[282]Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, Volume VI, 1584-1603 A.D., p. vi
[283] Wood, H. (ed.), Court Book of
the Liberty of Saint Sepulchre within the jurisdiction of the Archbishop of
Dublin, 1585-1590 (Dublin, 1930), p. xi
[284] Wood (ed.), Court Book of the
Liberty of Saint Sepulchre Dublin, 1585-1590, p. xii
