From Mandeville to Mansfield and Maydwell to Mandeville

From Mandeville to Mansfield and Maydwell to Mandeville

Niall C.E.J. O’Brien

In the late sixteenth century the medieval family of Mandeville of Co. Waterford slowly changed their surname to Manfield and later to Mansfield. At the about the same time the medieval family of Maydwell of Co. Tipperary changed their surname to Mandeville.[1]

Mandeville to Mansfield surname

The chief seat of Mandeville power in the 13^th and 14^th century was situated in Ulster. The Waterford estates were of secondary importance but with the loss of the family’s Ulster property the Waterford lands became their chief residence. Members of the Mansfield in County Waterford still occupy property in the approximate location of their medieval ancestors.

In 1336 Anna de Mandeville, widow, granted the manor of Lislynane in the County of Knockfergus (Carrickfergus?) to her son Walter de Mandeville.[2] In February 1342 Maurice, son of Thomas, Earl of Desmond, granted unto Sir Walter de Mandeville the site of a mill pond at Ardsillaigh (Ardsallagh) and associated land and watercourses.[3]

The Mandeville surname was still used in the 15^th century but slight variations were allowed. In August 1456 Walter son of Henry de Manduill did give and grant onto his son, Edmond de Mandevill the family estates at Cronaghtane, Moyeghe, Liscassellmore, Liscassellbeg, Killelongford and other parcels elsewhere in County Waterford including land and a mill pond at Ardsillaigh. The grant also mentioned any lands in Ulster that maybe recovered by the family.[4]

Towards the end of the 16^th century the Mandeville surname began to change from its medieval form. The words Mansfield and Manfild seem to be in use at the same period as the final form of the surname had not settled down. In the 1590s Edmund Maunsfild of Killelongford made a feoffment of half of Ballyhomock to John FitzMatthew Hore.[5] In 1602 Edmond Manfild of Killeaked, County Waterford, granted unto his brother Henry Manfild the lands of Ballyquyne.[6]

By 1634 the surname of Mansfield was in use as in Walter Mansfield of Ballynemultynaugh, Co. Waterford.[7] In 1681 every member of the family used the surname of Mansfield as in Walter Mansfield of Ballynemultynaugh and Richard Mansfield, his son and Thomas and Henry Mansfield, brothers of Richard.[8] Thereafter the surname is Mansfield.

In this way people called Mansfield in County Waterford were originally called Mandeville.

Mandeville to Mansfield place-name

At about the same time that the surname of Mandeville was changing to Mansfield the place-name of Mandeville was doing the same thing. In County Louth, in 1524, Thomas Darcy was rector of St. Mary’s in Maundevillstown (Mandeville’s town).[9] In 1535 William Mann was rector of Monfeleston and in 1536 other people like Peter Taff owned land there.[10] In 1537 William Mann was rector of Mawndwyleston.[11] In 1543 Robert Ardaghe was curate at Manwyleston which in 1544 was written as Monfeleston.[12] In 1556 Robert Ardaghe was vicar of Mandefilleston.[13] By 1605 Mandeville’s town had become Mansfeldestown or Mansfield’s town to use modern spelling.[14]

Maydwell to Mandeville

While the Waterford Mandevilles became Mansfield in County Tipperary the Maydwell family became Mandeville. The Maydwell family of Ballydine seemed to have adopted the change of surname from a misreading of the Latin form of the name which was de Mandevella.[15]

In 1344-5 the name of Maydwell was used in the neighbourhood of Kilshillan such as Philip Maydwell and John Maydwell.[16] In the 12^th year of King Richard II Philip Mandewell lost a court case relating to land against Richard Walsh.[17] In 1420 Maurice Maydewell was a juror in Clonmel while in 1432 James Maidewell got an annual rent from the Earl of Ormond from Carrick-on-Suir.[18] In 1514 you had James Maydellof Ballydine and in 1541 there was James Maydoll of Ballydine.[19] In 1551 William Moydoll of Ballydine spelt his name in that way and in 1583 you had Edmund Moydell of Ballydine.[20] In 1592 Edmund Maydwell signed a commission to the Earl of Ormond to compound with Queen Elizabeth on the payment of the county cess.[21]

By the 1640s the family surname had become Mandeville. In 1640 James Mandeville of Ballydine held half a colpe at Ballydine by ancient inheritance. The same James Mandeville also held half a colpe at Curraghdobbin by ancient inheritance and part of Bulterstown. In 1654 John Mandeville of Ballyglissin was a juror for the Civil Survey in the Barony of Iffa and Offa.[22]

In 1849 James Hackett Mandeville lived at Ballydine castle, near Carrick-on-Suir with his wife, Jane O’Mahony. She was the sister of John O’Mahony of Clonkilla, Mitchelstown, Co. Cork. This John O’Mahony fought a guerrilla campaign against the British in the Comeragh Mountains in 1849. In 1853 John O’Mahony gave his Clonkilla farm to Jane O’Mahony Mandeville and moved to America. There John O’Mahony became in 1858 the head of the American branch of the Irish Republican Brotherhood. Although John O’Mahony collected a lot of money for the Fenian cause in Ireland in 1877 he died penniless in New York.[23]

Meanwhile back in Ireland John O’Mahony’s nephew, John Mandeville (fourth son of James Mandeville of Ballydine), succeeded to the Clonkilla farm. In the 1880s John Mandeville became secretary of the National Land League in Mitchelstown. After the Mitchelstown massacre of September 1887 John Mandeville spent three months in Tullamore jail where he was harshly treated. On release his heath decline and in July 1888 he died at Clonkilla. In the meantime the Countess of Kingston agreed to reduce the rents by twenty per cent as the tenants demanded.[24] In September 1906 a statue of John Mandeville was erected in the Square in Mitchelstown.[25]

Mitchelstown statue of John Mandeville

Thus people called Mandeville in south County Tipperary or their ancestors were originally called Maydwell. History and historical research is never a straight line exercise. The reasoning behind the name changes is difficult to determine - people wanting to make a change from the past or people imaging a more ancient inheritance. The change of place-name around the same time would suggest the change was not an isolated occurrence but part of a widespread change in the language. 

Bibliography

Ainsworth, J., and MacLysaght, E., ‘Survey of Documents in Private Keeping’, in Analecta Hibernica, No. 20 (1958), pp. 91-125

Curtis, E. (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, volume III, 1413-1509 (Dublin, 1935)

Curtis, E. (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, volume IV, 1509-1547 (Dublin, 1937)

Curtis, E. (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, volume V, 1547-1584 (Dublin, 1941)

Curtis, E. (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, volume VI, 1584-1603 (Dublin, 1943)

Griffith, M.C. (ed.), Calendar of Inquisitions formerly in the Office of the Chief Remembrancer of the Exchequer prepared from the MSS of the Irish Record Commission (Dublin, 1991)

Nicholls, K.W., ‘Abstracts of Mandeville Deeds’, in Analecta Hibernica, No. 32 (1985), pp. 3-26

Power, B., Another side of Mitchelstown (Mitchelstown, 2008)

Simington, R. (ed.), The Civil Survey A.D. 1654-1656 County of Tipperary, Vol 1, Eastern and Southern Baronies (Dublin, 1931)

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[1] Nicholls, K.W., ‘Abstracts of Mandeville Deeds’, in Analecta Hibernica, No. 32 (1985), pp. 3-26, at p. 3

[2] Nicholls, K.W., ‘Abstracts of Mandeville Deeds’, in Analecta Hibernica, No. 32 (1985), pp. 3-26, at p. 14

[3] Nicholls, K.W., ‘Abstracts of Mandeville Deeds’, in Analecta Hibernica, No. 32 (1985), pp. 3-26, at p. 15

[4] Nicholls, K.W., ‘Abstracts of Mandeville Deeds’, in Analecta Hibernica, No. 32 (1985), pp. 3-26, at p. 7

[5] Nicholls, K.W., ‘Abstracts of Mandeville Deeds’, in Analecta Hibernica, No. 32 (1985), pp. 3-26, at p. 24

[6] Nicholls, K.W., ‘Abstracts of Mandeville Deeds’, in Analecta Hibernica, No. 32 (1985), pp. 3-26, at p. 20

[7] Ainsworth, J., and MacLysaght, E., ‘Survey of Documents in Private Keeping’, in Analecta Hibernica, No. 20 (1958), pp. 91-125, at p. 94

[8] Ainsworth, J., and MacLysaght, E., ‘Survey of Documents in Private Keeping’, in Analecta Hibernica, No. 20 (1958), pp. 91-125, at p. 101

[9] Griffith, M.C. (ed.), Calendar of Inquisitions formerly in the Office of the Chief Remembrancer of the Exchequer prepared from the MSS of the Irish Record Commission (Dublin, 1991), no. H VIII 12 

[10] Griffith (ed.), Calendar of Inquisitions, nos. H VIII 70, 83

[11] Griffith (ed.), Calendar of Inquisitions, no. H VIII 100

[12] Griffith (ed.), Calendar of Inquisitions, nos. H VIII 172, 183

[13] Griffith (ed.), Calendar of Inquisitions, no. Eliz 88

[14] Griffith (ed.), Calendar of Inquisitions, no. J1 28

[15] Nicholls, K.W., ‘Abstracts of Mandeville Deeds’, in Analecta Hibernica, No. 32 (1985), pp. 3-26, at p. 3

[16] Curtis, E. (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, volume III, 1413-1509 (Dublin, 1935),, pp. 364

[17] Curtis, E. (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, volume VI, 1584-1603 (Dublin, 1943), p. 153

[18] Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, volume III, 1413-1509, pp. 32, 52

[19] Curtis, E. (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, volume IV, 1509-1547 (Dublin, 1937), pp. 17, 208

[20] Curtis, E. (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, volume V, 1547-1584 (Dublin, 1941), pp. 61, 76

[21] Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, volume VI, 1584-1603, p. 52

[22] Simington, R. (ed.), The Civil Survey A.D. 1654-1656 County of Tipperary, Vol 1, Eastern and Southern Baronies (Dublin, 1931), pp. 258, 266, 268, 275

[23] Power, B., Another side of Mitchelstown (Mitchelstown, 2008), pp. 202, 203

[24] Power, Another side of Mitchelstown, pp. 203, 204, 205

[25] Power, Another side of Mitchelstown, p. 160

Kilmacow Castle and notes on its history

Kilmacow Castle and notes on its history

Niall C.E.J. O’Brien

Kilmacow is a townland in County Cork situated between Curraglass (County Cork) and Tallow (County Waterford) on the R628 road. It is bounded on the north by the River Bride and on the east by the county boundary. In the Archaeological Inventory of County Cork, vol. II – East and South Cork (p. 369, no. 6380), Kilmacow castle is listed as a possible castle. We are told that on Bateman’s map of 1716-1717, a symbol for a castle, atop a hill, is shown just a short distance north of the Tallow-Curraglass road and some 200 meters west of the county boundary. Charles Smith, in his History of Waterford (1746) states that the ruins of the castle still stand but by 1750 when Smith wrote his History of Cork, the castle had very lately fallen down. Today there is no visible surface trace of the castle.[1]

Location map of Kilmacow castle

What king of castle at Kilmacow?

Because the castle is no longer visible and the structure fall or was knocked down before any known images were made of it we have no idea what kind of castle it was. The assumption is that Kilmacow castle was the usual 15^th or 16^th century tower house type seen in many places across Ireland. Yet the castle could have been a hall house type of the 14^th century – not likely – but the possibility cannot be ruled out.

   

Kilmacow early history

The name Kilmacow has a number of meanings. Some say it is Cill Mhochua or St. Mochua’s Church while others say it is Cill Mhac Bhuada which is Church of the son of Buadach. The early history of Kilmacow is still uncharted and so our story begins in the 1460s. Thomas Fitzgerald, 8^th Earl of Desmond was the owner of a vast territory which extended from Dungarvan in the east to Dingle in the west in a great arc passing through counties Cork, Limerick and Kerry. His wife, Alice Barry, brought the manor of Mocollop into Desmond ownership and gave Thomas five sons to carry on the family line. After Thomas was beheaded at Drogheda in 1467 on a trumped up charge, his sons caused a great rebellion which wasted large parts of the country. In order to pacify the sons, great honours were bestowed upon them but the greatest honour they got was to become Earl in their turn.

   

James, the eldest, succeeded as 9^th Earl and was followed by his other brothers, Maurice and Thomas as Earls. The fourth son, Sir John of Desmond was father of the 13^th Earl and ancestor of all the later Earls. All this succession left the youngest son of Earl Thomas, Gerald Oge without any glory. Instead he became hereditary lord of Coshmore and Coshbride.

   

Kilmacow as part of Coshmore and Coshbride

This territory included the parishes of Mocollop, Tallow, Kilwatermoy and Kilcockan. The other two parishes in the district: Lismore and Templemichael were held by the bishop of Lismore and the Fitzgeralds of Dromana/Molana Abbey, respectively. At that time (c.1500) there was no set county boundary and Coshbride extended into present County Cork and so include Kilmacow.

   

Gerald had four sons who succeeded to parts of this large lordship. James, the eldest, got Mocollop and the lordship of Coshmore/Coshbride title; Maurice, the second son, got Shean manor and the youngest son, John, got Strancally. The third son, Thomas, got Kilmacow and is the subject of this article.

   

Thomas Fitzgerald of Kilmacow

   

Thomas of Kilmacow, known as Thomas Oge, married the eldest daughter of John Fitzgerald, knight of Kerry (died 1595) and had children. His great-great-grandson was living in 1689.[2]

   

Charles Smith, in his History of Cork, says it was Thomas’s son, John who built Kilmacow castle. The truth of this statement is a present hard to prove. It is likely that some building was erected in the late fifteenth century to accommodate Thomas and his new family. This building could have been further developed by John and hence he gets the credit for building the whole castle.

   

Kilmacow estate

Mogeely castle and manor was until 1466 held by the Knights of Kerry. In that year he exchanged Mogeely and Aghacross with the Earl of Desmond’s property at Burnham and Clogher in County Kerry.[3] It is assumed that the Kilmacow estate was carved out of the eastern part of Mogeely manor but this is far from certain. Manuscripts in the Lismore papers for the early years of the seventeenth century place Lisnabrin and Curraglass as part of Mogeely manor and it appears that they were formerly part of the Kilmacow estate. 

Kilmacow is part of the medieval parish of Mogeely like Mogeely castle but it is possible that Kilmacow was already Fitzgerald property before 1466. It is not unusual to have a medieval parish divided by different owners. The Earl of Desmond had property interests at Tallow and Lisfinny since 1420 and possibly earlier – Kilmacow is just west of Tallow.[4] The destruction of the archive of the Earls of Desmond and the papers belonging to the Fitzgeralds of Kilmacow and elsewhere make it near impossible to know the history of Kilmacow before it became part of the estate of Gerald Óge Fitzgerald. 

Kilmacow and the county boundary

Before the mid-16^th century the land south of the River Bride was located in the medieval County of Cork. When the modern county boundary was formed in the mid-century the land of the three of the four Fitzgerald brothers was made part of County Waterford. But Thomas of Kilmacow elected to have his estate in County Cork and not be with his brothers. Did Thomas do this because he got the smallest estate and was unhappy at the way his father divided the land? It is a possibility but we cannot be totally certain.

Kilmacow in the Desmond rebellions

During the later 1560s the comfortable Fitzgerald existence in Coshbride came under treat as Sir Peter Carew petitioned the crown for the renewal of fourteenth century titles, which he claimed belonged to his ancestors. Sir Peter successfully recovered lands in County Carlow from the Butlers and they a very pro-English family. The possible lost of Fitzgerald lands was a very real possibility.[5]

   

By 1569 the pressure was such that James Fitzmaurice, a cousin of the fifteenth Earl of Desmond and steward of the earldom during the continued absence of the Earl in a London prison, launched a rebellion. Many of the Fitzgeralds along with a substantial number of Munster lords, both Gaelic and Anglo-Irish joined Fitzmaurice. Thomas of Kilmacow was old and infirm and so his son, John led the tenants of Kilmacow along with those of Mogeely. A document of 1572 says that Kilmacow and the lands adjoining was the property of Thomas and his heirs. On the bases of this information, it is possible that Thomas died in 1572/3.[6]

   

Humphrey Gilbert, the English commander, launched a short but vigorous campaign of unrestrained terror which split the rebel ranks. Most of the lords surrendered like the knight of Kerry, the White Knight, MacCarthy Mór and O’Sullivan Beare. Many of these lords joined the English side like Thomas Roe Fitzgerald of Conna. Early in the rebellion the English captured large numbers of rebel castles including Kilmacow. Yet Fitzmaurice carried on the fight with a few remaining supporters one of which was John of Kilmacow. By February 1573 the rebellion had ran its course and Fitzmaurice surrendered.[7]

   

It would be September 1574 before John Fitzgerald received a pardon along with the chief tenants of Kilmacow, Mogeely and Shanakill.[8]

   

During the Desmond rebellion of 1579-83, the Earl of Ormond adopted a “scorched earth” policy in the winter of 1579-80. After passing through County Limerick, Ormond proceeded to Coshmore/Coshbride in December 1579 where he burnt the lands of Sir John of Desmond at Lisfinny. In early February 1580, Sir Peter Carew captured Strancally castle including a large amount of cattle and sheep. The capture of animals was just as important as taking castles because they fed your own troops while denying food to the opposing army. Coshbride was again targeted later the same month by Sir Thomas Morgan who burnt all the towns there.[9]

   

Sir Walter Raleigh gets Kilmacow

After the Desmond rebellion, the vast Earldom was parcelled out to English undertakers who would undertake a plantation of the province with English settlers and so make the place safe and civilised. Kilmacow castle and land was given to Sir Walter Raleigh in 1586 along with a vast estate.[10]

Yet, peace did not immediately follow as the 1590s saw the outbreak of the Nine Years War. Many of new plantations in Munster were captured and destroyed by the Irish. When the war came to Coshbride, Henry Pyne (who leased Mogeely from Raleigh) petitioned the government to put garrisons in many of the castles on the Bride including Kilmacow and Lisfinny. Pyne’s own castle already had fifty troops from the Lord President of Munster. In addition, Pyne wanted to be military commander of the Coshmore/Coshbride barony. The government referred Pyne’s petition to the new Lord President, Sir George Carew, to use his own judgement and lessen Pyne’s wild ideas.[11]

   

Meanwhile, Sir Walter Raleigh was developing his new estates and parcelling out the land to new tenants. In 1586, Raleigh gave Kilmacow to Richard Joke with one ploughland adjoining. After a few years of enjoyment, the latter assigned the property to Richard Chishull in 1593.[12] One of these transactions was by a long term lease as an inquisition held at Tallow in 1604, into the extent of Raleigh’s lands, fails to mention Kilmacow. Instead we find one of the jury members at the inquisition was William Chisell of Kilmacow, gent.[13] William was likely to be a son of Richard.

   

Sir Richard Boyle gets Kilmacow

Two years before, in 1602, Raleigh sold his Irish property to Sir Richard Boyle. In the deed of transfer we are told that half the towns and villages of Templevalley, Curriglass, Lisnabrin and the Parson’s Close passed to Boyle. These lands formerly formed part of Kilmacow estate as Samuel Lewis, in his Topographical Dictionary states that the Croker family of Lisnabrin once owned the site of Kilmacow castle and if so this would suggest that both townlands were once part of the one estate of Kilmacow.[14]

   

In a schedule of deeds accompanying the sale we are told that Mr. Lechland, merchant, held 400 acres of Templevalley and Curriglass in fee farm for ever from Raleigh while John Barbisher, merchant of London held two ploughlands in the same two townlands. In another place we find that Denis Fisher, gent, rented the Parson’s Close and Lisnabrin.[15] The Chishull family were the owners of the unsold half of Kilmacow estate. The Fitzgerald family stayed on as tenants of the new owners just as they had been tenants of the Earls of Desmond. In 1617 Thomas Fitzjohn Fitzgerald leased some land at Kilmacow to Giles Smyth.[16]

   

William Chishull was old by 1611 and it was his son, William Chishull, junior who attended the military review at Tallow in that year.[17] By May of 1612, William senior had died and his son agreed to sell half of Kilmacow, and the fourth part of the ironworks situated in the townland, to Richard Boyle for £218 7s. Thomas Ball of London purchased the other half of the property for slightly more than Boyle’s purchase price.[18]

   

The story of the Kilmacow ironworks is for another day. Instead we move this story forward thirty years to the 1640s. A report, carried in the Topographical Dictionary of Ireland (1837) by Samuel Lewis, says that during the Confederate War when in 1644, the Irish seized the castle from Sir Philip Perceval. Shortly after, the castle was restored to Perceval by the Supreme Council at Kilkenny because it was seized during a period of truce.[19] Lewis called the castle Ballymacow and said it referred to Kilmacow castle. Other writers continued the association but G. O’Connell Redmond questioned its correctness.

Redmond says that Percival had a castle near Churchtown in north Cork called Ballymacow.[20] This townland of Ballymacow had its name changed to Egmont and gave the title of Earl of Egmont to the Percival family.[21] The Percival family did have association with Kilmacow when the great grandson of Sir Philip, Rev. Charles Perceval, lived at Springdale House, Kilmacow, which is located a short distance south-west of the castle while serving as rector of Mogeely from 1759 to 1785.[22]

   

A more sure statement about Kilmacow during the Confederate War comes from a letter of Dean Naylor of Lismore to the Earl of Cork. He reports that soldiers, and English tenants from Camphire, robbed the Earl’s Irish tenants along the Bride River. Following this assault, Irish rebels came to robbed more tenants. At the start of March 1642, an English army passed through the area which quieted matters for awhile. But they were no sooner gone than the Irish tenants of Kilmacow and Lisfinny castles sallied forth to rob more of the earl’s Irish tenants. Dean Naylor spent two days in Camphire, Lisfinny and Kilmacow where he only recovered some of the stolen goods.[23] Later, in the summer of 1645, it was captured by the Earl of Castlehaven for the Irish side. On that occasion, the Earl captured all the English castles on the Blackwater and Bride before coming to a halt before the walls of Youghal. Following an unsuccessful siege, the Irish withdrew north of the Blackwater and Kilmacow was retaken by the English.   

   

Castle site, marked by umbrella, and Springdale House in the background

The Civil Survey of Irish property in 1654 has not survived for east Cork and so we get no picture of Kilmacow following the years of war. The taxation poll of 1660 says that there were thirty-three adult tax payers in Kilmacow townland of which five were of English extraction. This would give a total population of about seventy. No Fitzgerald was listed in the numeration of the principal Irish surnames in the Kinnatalloon barony.[24]

The Earl of Cork remained the owner of Kilmacow through successive generations and was succeeded by the Dukes of Devonshire in the 18^th century. Kilmacow remained with the Devonshire’s until the Land Acts of the late 19^th century when the land was parcelled out to the tenants as the new owners. In 1895 John Murphy of Tallow purchased the castle farm at Kilmacow for five hundred pounds.[25]

Kilmacow castle in the 18th Century

It is possible that the castle was in ruins by 1660 and its stone was used to construct other buildings in the area. This practice, may have contributed to rapid collapse of the castle, in the next century. It is the opinion of the landowner that the castle was knocked down in about 1745-1750 to provide stone for the building of Springdale House and its outbuildings as short distance to the south-west. A mound of earth and stone marked the site of the castle until the 1960s with a hen house on top. In an era of land ‘improvements’ the mound was flatten and the material pushing into a deep ditch to the north of the site.[26] The castle site is now flat with no visible evidence of a structure although some walls maybe still under the surface.      

 Cornerstones of Springdale House that could be from the castle

Bibliography

Anon, Conna in History and Tradition (Conna, 1998)

Ball, S. (ed.), Calendar of Lismore Papers at the National Library of Ireland (Dublin, 2008)

Brewer, J.S., and Bullen, W. (eds.), Calendar of Carew manuscripts at Lambeth (6 vols. Liechtenstein, 1974 reprint), vol. 1 (1515-1574)

Burke’s Landed Gentry of Ireland, 1899

Grosart, Rev. A., The Lismore Papers (London, 1888), 2nd series, volume V

Hajba, A.M., Houses of Cork, volume 1 – North Cork (Whitegate, 2002)

Hayman, Rev. S., The hand-book for Youghal (Youghal, 1896)

McCormack, A., The Earldom of Desmond 1463-1583: the Decline and Crisis of a Feudal Lordship (Dublin, 2005)

Redmond, G. O’Connell, ‘The castles in North-East Cork and near its Borders’, in Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society, vol. 24, no. 11, pp. 1-6

Redmond, G. O’Connell, ‘The castles in North-East Cork and Near its Borders’, in the Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society, vol. 24 (1918), pp. 62-66, at p. 62

Redmond, G. O’Connell, ‘The castles in North-East Cork and near its Borders’, in Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society, vol. 24, no. 11, pp. 145-151

Pender, S. (ed.), A Census of Ireland circa 1659 (Dublin, 2002)

Power, D. (ed.), Archaeological Inventory of County Cork, vol. II – East and South Cork (Dublin, 1994)

Fiants of Queen Elizabeth, no. 2471

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[1] Denis Power (ed.), Archaeological Inventory of County Cork, vol. II – East and South Cork (Dublin, 1994), p. 369, no. 6380

[2] Redmond, G. O’Connell, ‘The castles in North-East Cork and near its Borders’, in Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society, vol. 24, no. 11, p. 2

[3] Anon, Conna in History and Tradition (Conna, 1998), p. 15

[4] Redmond, ‘The castles in North-East Cork and Near its Borders’, in the Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society, vol. 24 (1918), pp. 62-66, at p. 62

[5] McCormack, A., The Earldom of Desmond 1463-1583: the Decline and Crisis of a Feudal Lordship (Dublin, 2005), p. 116

[6] Brewer, J.S., and Bullen, W. (eds.), Calendar of Carew manuscripts at Lambeth (6 vols. Liechtenstein, 1974 reprint), vol. 1 (1515-1574), p. 417

[7] McCormack, The Earldom of Desmond 1463-1583, pp. 118-25

[8] Fiants of Queen Elizabeth, no. 2471

[9] McCormack, The Earldom of Desmond 1463-1583, p. 150

[10] Brewer and Bullen (eds.), Calendar of Carew manuscripts at Lambeth, vol. 2 (1575-1588), p. 452

[11] Brewer and Bullen (eds.), Calendar of Carew manuscripts at Lambeth, vol. 3 (1589-1600), pp. 477-8

[12] O’Connell Redmond, ‘The castles in North-East Cork and near its Borders’, p. 150

[13] Hayman, Rev. S., The hand-book for Youghal (Youghal, 1896), pp. 19-20

[14] Anon, Conna in History and Tradition (Conna, 1998), p. 23

[15] Hayman, The hand-book for Youghal, pp. 17-18

[16] Ball, S. (ed.), Calendar of Lismore Papers at the National Library of Ireland (Dublin, 2008), p. 104 referring to manuscript MS 43,156/4

[17] Brewer and Bullen (eds.), Calendar of Carew manuscripts at Lambeth, vol. 6 (1603-1624), p. 90

[18] Grosart, Rev. A., The Lismore Papers (London, 1888), 2^nd series, volume V, p. 250

[19] Anon, Conna in History and Tradition, p. 23

[20] Redmond, ‘The castles in North-East Cork and near its Borders’, in Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society, vol. 24, no. 11, pp. 145-51, at p. 150

[21] Hajba, A.M., Houses of Cork, volume 1 – North Cork (Whitegate, 2002), p. 158

[22] Burke’s Landed Gentry of Ireland, 1899, p. 362

[23] Grosart, The Lismore Papers, 2^nd series, volume V, pp. 16, 17

[24] Pender, S. (ed.), A Census of Ireland circa 1659 (Dublin, 2002), p. 234

[25] Hajba, Houses of Cork, volume 1 – North Cork, p. 335

[26] Interview with the landowner, John Paul Murphy on 16^th April 2017