The
value of Wexford medieval monasteries
Niall
C.E.J. O’Brien
Introduction
In 1905 William Grattan
Flood wrote that Glascarrig priory was one of the wealthiest religious houses
in County Wexford.[1]
How accurate a description of the priory was this statement? In the absence of
a cartulary or other documents from the priory we must rely on other sources.
The various volumes of the Calendar of
Papal Registers relating to Great Britain and Ireland provide values for the
priorship over the decades while the various surveys and inquisitions taken
following the dissolution of the monasteries in the 1530s and 1540s also give
values.
But the values given in
these surveys have to be treated with caution. Not all of the property of every
religious house was included and there is much undervaluation of the recorded
properties and not just to take account of the effects of war and waste. The
Lord Deputy of Ireland, Sir Anthony St. Leger, and his associates made a
“deliberate and systematic under-valuation of … [the] dissolved monasteries”.
This was not just to give them and their friend’s cheap land but also to
provide property for patronage purposes.[2]
Even using the papal
letters and the various dissolution surveys the values for the various
religious houses in Count Wexford as given below is a work in progress. Other
documents may come to light in future to add more information and give a more
accurate picture. This article examines twenty religious houses based in County
Wexford or having substantial property there but base in another county.
Augustinian
house of Clonmines
The edited of the Extents of Irish Monastic possessions,
1540-1 described
this house as of the Dominican Order. The jury of 1541 described
it as the “Priory or House of Friars of Clonmine”.[3]
The
earliest reference for the Augustinian house at Clonmines is in 1317 when the
Kavanaghs got a licence to grant a parcel of land to the House. The House was
enlarged in 1385 at which time later writers thought the Dominican Order took
over the place but this was incorrect.[4] In
January 1541 the jury valued this house at 26s 11d. But when you add the
amounts for each property the value comes to 30s 3d.[5]
The friars were expelled in 1544 and roamed the countryside until 1773 when
they were granted a site for a new friary.[6]
St.
Mary de Portu at Dunbrody, OCist
The site of Dunbrody
was first granted in 1172 to Buildwas Abbey but they did little with the site. In
1182 the Abbey of St. Mary in Dublin took over the site from Buildwas and
founded Dunbrody Abbey. In 1348 Edward III confirmed the possessions of
Dunbrody.[7] On
20th January 1497 Dunbrody was mentioned in the dispute but no value
for the abbey was given.[8] At
the dissolution of the monasteries the value of Dunbrody as returned by the
jurors in January 1541 was £28 11s 4d.[9]
But this value was after some deductions and some property of the abbey was
excluded such as the property in County Limerick.[10]
If we add on the deductions the value of Dunbrody in 1541 comes to £36 15s 10d.
The property as returned in 1541 included over 1,200 acres and some land
unmeasured, several granges, messuages, tenements and cottages, a water mill
and three weirs as well as chapels and the abbey site which was given no value
as it was in need of repair.[11]
St.
John the Evangelist at Enniscorthy, O.S.A.
An early monastic house
was established here in about 510 by St. Senan of Scattery. In about 1230
Gerald de Prendergast refounded the house as a cell of St. Thomas Abbey in
Dublin. The house stood about a mile south of Enniscorthy on the west bank of
the River Slaney.[12] On
11th May 1490 the priory was valued at less than 16 marks (£10 13s
4d).[13]
At the dissolution of the religious houses an inquisition, which was taken in
January 1541, valued this house at 13s 4d (one mark). But no value was placed
upon the abbey church as it was deemed only fit to be knocked down.[14]
In the rankings of the twenty religious houses involved in County Wexford,
using the values given in 1540/41, the House of St. John comes in at nineteenth,
second last. But if the 1490 value of 16 marks was used then St. John’s would
rank in seventh position.
This change in rankings
could also be applied to other religious houses if only we had a good range of
earlier values than the 1540s by which time the material condition of many
houses had declined and their landed properties were significantly in waste
St.
Mary the Virgin at Ferns, O.S.A.
This Augustinian house
was founded about 1158 by Dermot MacMurrough, King of Leinster. Ferns was the
chief centre of the Kingdom of Leinster as ruled by the MacMurrough family. The
abbey was rebuilt in 1169 and in 1171 Dermot was buried there.[15] In
1444 the abbot position was worth less than 24 marks sterling.[16] By
1477 the abbot position had decreased in value to less than 16 marks sterling.[17]
Over a decade later, in 1488, the abbot position had increased in value to less
than 18 marks.[18]
On 7th October 1507 the abbot position was still valued at less than
18 marks (£12).[19]
On the 26th
January 1541 the jury at the suppression of Ferns Abbey valued the house at
101s. But, when you take account of reductions for war and waste the value
increases substantially to 298s or £14 18s. Yet even this amount is not the
total value as the buildings around the abbey church were not valued as they
were worth nothing beyond repairs.[20]
The house of St. Mary
at Ferns is an interesting religious house in terms of its value. With the
other houses the value given in the 1540s was less than in previous times but
with St. Mary’s the 1541 value is greater than all previously known values. Any
attempt to assess the value of the different religious houses in a region or
among a particular order can only be a best estimate and will change over time,
going down and going up.
Benedictine
priory of Glascarrig
Glascarrig priory was
founded about 1190 as a daughter house of St. Dogmael Abbey in Wales. For a
history of the priory see http://celtic2realms-medievalnews.blogspot.ie/2015/10/glascarrig-priory-interim-history_92.html
In 1401 and 1439
Glascarrig was valued at less than 40 marks (£26 13s 4d). By 1508 the value of
the priory had fallen to less than 24 marks.[21] In
January 1541 the priory and its property was valued at 30s 8d. But, when you
take account of reductions made for war and waste, the value of Glascarrig
comes to 96s 8d (£4 16s 8d).[22] Another
reference book gives the value of Glascarrig before any deductions as £5 19s
8d.[23] Yet
even this amount is not the total value of the priory as the church site and
associated buildings were not valued as they were worth nothing beyond repairs.[24]
In addition to any
value placed on the church site not all of the property owned by Glascarrig was
included in the inquisition of 1541. In 1543 another enquiry found that the
priory had an additional 360 acres. Later in 1551 another enquiry found that
the priory had six rectories in Wexford but five of these rectories differed
from those mentioned in previous enquiries.[25]
The true value of Glascarrig is therefore difficult to determine.
In the value ranking of
the twenty religious houses involved in County Wexford, based mainly on 1540
values, Glascarrig ranks ninth out of the twenty but if the 1439 value was used
than Glascarrig would be in fifth position. Of course the value of the other
religious houses would also change if the 1440s valuations were used.
Remaining walls of Glascarrig priory
Carmelite
house of St. Mary at Horetown
This priory was founded
by the Furlong family in the fourteenth century (about 1350 or 1387).[26] In
January 1541 the inquisition into the value of this house said it was worth
nothing due to war and waste. When you add up the gross values of the
individual properties held by the house the value comes to 48s.[27]
After the dissolution the friars remained in the area and in 1737 a convent was
said to be still in existence.[28]
Augustinian
friary of New Ross
This friary was first
recorded in 1320 when William de la Roche is said to have founded it but others
say it existed long before then. In the time of Pope John XXII (1316-1334) some
Augustinians became Franciscans and then changed back again. Those who stayed
as Augustinians excommunicated the turncoats and the Pope later absolved them
from any excommunication.[29]
The inquisition for
this house was taken in January 1541 and valued the house at £1 6s 8d (26s 8d).
But when you add the figures for the individual properties held by the house
you get 27s 4d. This figure would have been greater if a book value was given
for the church site. But the church site and associated buildings had
previously being sold to the Countess of Ormond for £13 6s 8d and no book value
was therefore given.[30]
Franciscan
house of St. Saviour at New Ross
This house was
established before 1256 when a provincial chapter was held there. By 1295 the
friary had moved to a new site beside the River Barrow where merchandise was
stored. In 1300 the friary was granted a duty on every ship entering New Ross
port and in 1406 Henry VI confirmed this duty.[31] This
duty would have added greatly to the value of the friary in medieval times but
was not mentioned in the various inquisitions at the suppression of the friary.
In January 1541 a jury
valued the house as 52s 10d which was calculated by valuing the house site as
13s 4d and other property as 39s 6d. But if you try to add the figures to get
the total of 39s 6d as per the inquisition you end up with 64s 10d. This
difference is because some of the property was given a value but other sites
were noted by their rent value. The sub-total value of the house is therefore
78s 2d but this is not the total as the priory church site was given no value.
Instead the jury said £20 was the sale value of the church site.[32]
After the suppression
the friars stayed locally and seem to have reoccupied the site. In 1549 the
friars were driven out but returned during the reign of Queen Mary. In 1558
they were driven out again and the friary buildings were knocked down.[33]
St.
Peter and Paul priory at Selsker, O.S.A., Arroasian Congregation
This Augustinian house
was under the patronage of the Roche family and was founded in about 1190 or
1216 according to different sources. In 1240 Bishop John St. John of Ferns held
a synod in the priory. In 1355 there was a large fire in which the muniments
were destroyed. The priors sat in the Irish Parliament as spiritual peers showing
the importance of the house.[34]
The loss of the
muniments made it hard to get a early value for the priory. The priory was
mentioned in 1503 where a number of people claimed to be the true prior but no
value of the priory was given.[35] In
January 1541 the inquisition into the property of Selskar valued the house as
£129 10d.[36]
When you add the values of the individual properties the value of Selskar comes
to £124 10d. Yet this amount was not the true value as when account is taken for
war and waste the value of the house comes to £145 17s 8d.[37]
This value makes Selskar the wealthiest religious house base in County Wexford
and among nineteen religious houses involved in County Wexford.
St.
Mary de Voto at Tintern, OCist
Tintern was founded by
William Marshal the elder in 1200 as a blessed for his safe delivery after a
rough sea crossing. King John confirmed a grant of 30 carucates to the new
abbey. The abbots sat in the medieval Irish Parliament as spiritual peers but
after 1447 were excused due to destruction of the abbey lands and the high cost
of rebuilding the abbey buildings.[38] In
1440 the abbey was worth less than £100 sterling.[39] On
27th April 1511 the abbey was worth less than 38 marks (£25 6s 12d).[40]
This reduction in value could be attributed to the destruction in the 1440s referred
to above.
Tintern Abbey, County Wexford
At the dissolution of
the monasteries a number of inquisitions were carried out into the property of
Tintern Abbey. The abbey was suppressed in 1536 and the first inquisition taken
in July 1539 said that there was the abbey site along with about 2,066 acres,
two water mills, a ferry and an interest in ten churches among other property.
The total value was given as £93 3s 8d. In January 1541 another inquisition
found the abbey site (not valued), several granges and about 2,370 acres with
some tenements, three mills, a ferry and ten rectories.[41]
This second inquisition valued Tintern as £99 1s but owing to rebellion and
waste (including 700 acres detained by the Cavanaghs) the value was reduced to
£59 18s 4d.[42]
The different
descriptions of the property held by Tintern and the value of same is part and
parcel of the various inquisitions taken at the dissolution. It has often been
said that the various inquisitions have to be taken with a careful mind as the
jury were often tenants of the dissolved house and sought to reduce the values
for their own benefit while the property tycoons of the day wanted reduced
values so as to get cheap property from the government. At other times the same
religious houses claimed the same property. In New Ross the houses of Dunbrody
and Tintern claimed to own the same churches and chapels.[43]
Franciscan
house of Wexford
This friary was founded
in the time of Henry III but an exact year is not known. In about 1270 Friar
Nicholas of Wexford was mentioned in the Liber
Exemplorum. In 1486 the Observant reform was introduced into the friary.[44]
In 1539-40 the prior
was found seized of the church, belfry, chapter-house, dormitory, hall, kitchen
and other buildings along with eight burgages in the town to a value of 17s.[45]
On 25th January 1541, a jury made an inquiry of the property of the
Franciscan friary. The jury said the church site and associated buildings could
be knocked down and the sale value was £8 and so they gave no book value for
the buildings. Instead the jury valued the eight burgages held by the house at
16s.[46]
The true value of the house is therefore 16s plus a value for the church site.
St.
Mary Magdalene leper hospital at Wexford
The leper hospital of
St. Mary Magdalene was founded by Strongbow before 1175. In 1212 it was confirmed
to the Knights Hospitallers. The value of the hospital in 1610 was given as
22s. this included the hospital site, 120 acres, messuages and tithes.[47]
Other
religious houses
In the survey of the
monastic possessions of Ireland taken in 1540-41 the Dominican house at Arklow
was included in the entries for County Wexford. In January 1541 this house was
valued at 29s 10d but when account is taken for war and waste the value comes
to 69s 10d (£3 9s 10d).[48]
Property
held by religious houses outside Wexford
Just as Dunbrody and
Glascarrig held property in other counties so religious houses based in other
counties held property in County Wexford. The largest of these outside property
owners was the Knights Hospitallers based in Kilmainham, Co. Dublin. In fact the
largest landholding of the Knights Hospitallers was in the two south-east
counties of Waterford and Wexford. William Marshal the elder granted the
Hospitallers land in Wexford town and out in the country. This property was
augmented in 1314 when the Hospitallers acquired the Waterford and Wexford
lands of the dissolved Knights Templar Order. The order for the transfer of the
Wexford property was issued on 18th March 1314 to Nicholas de
Balcote. But the actual transfer possess was slow and matters were not finally
settled until 1324.[49]
At the dissolution the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem at
Kilmainham held in County Wexford a total property worth £59 17s 9d or £59
17s 8d depending on your calculations. Of course some allowance has to be made
for depressed values due to waste and war.[50]
The Abbey of St. Thomas, Dublin, OSA, held in
County Wexford the following properties. In the vill of St. John near
Enniscorthy, 4 messuages and 3 carucates of lands (120 acres each) and all
worth 20s along with the tithes of the chapel of Kilcorbre where the land was
worth 20s when occupied, a total of 40s. Other places in Wexford had the
carucate valued at between 10s and 40s. The border clashes with the Irish must
have depressed land values about Enniscorthy. Sir John Travers acquired the
lands in the vill of St. John.[51]
The College of the Blessed Virgin Mary at
Maynooth held property in County Wexford worth £6 13s 4d, namely the
rectory of Killenagh which was lease for £6 per annum to Walter Brown.[52]
The Priory of St. John the Baptist at Kilkenny
held land in County Wexford worth 107s per year by lease to Walter Talbot and
the two-thirds of the tithes and altarages in the rectory of Ross (worth £8)
which was leased to the Countess of Ormond for £6 per year (total £13 7s). The
real value for the land is unknown but would be above the lease value as paid
by Walter Talbot.[53]
The Cistercian Abbey of Jerpoint in County
Kilkenny held one messuage in the town of Ross worth 4s 6d and rented by John
Bryncam.[54]
The Augustinian Priory at Inistioge held a
vill worth 13s 4d and a rectory worth 24s in County Wexford (total value of £1
17s 4d).[55]
The Augustinian Priory at Kells held tithes
in County Wexford worth 48s and a rectory that previously was worth £8 but in
1540 was worth nothing because it was in Irish hands (total value of £10 8s).[56]
The Cistercian Abbey of Duiske held land in
County Wexford worth 80s in good times but was totally worthless by 1540 due to
the Irish attacks.[57]
Religious
houses, inside and outside County Wexford, in order of value
1 = Selsker priory £145
17s 8d
2 = Tintern Abbey £99
1s
3 = Knights
Hospitallers at Kilmainham £59 17s 8d
4 = Dunbrody Abbey £36
15s 10d
5 =St. Mary’s at Ferns
£14 18s
6 = St. John’s at
Kilkenny £13 7s
7 = Kells Priory £10 8s
8 = Maynooth College £6
13s 4d
9 = Glascarrig Priory
£5 19s 8d
10 = Duiske Abbey £4
11 = Franciscan house
at New Ross £3 18s 2d
12 = Carmelite house at
Horetown £2 8s
13 = St. Thomas Abbey,
Dublin £2
14 = Inistioge Priory
£1 17s 4d
15 = Augustinian House
at New Ross £1 7s 4d
16 = Augustinian house
at Clonmines £1 10s 3d
17 = St. Mary Magdalen
leper hospital, Wexford 22s
18 = Franciscan house
at Wexford 17s
19 = St. John’s at
Enniscorthy 13s 4d
20 = Jerpoint Abbey 4s
6d
Religious
houses, based in County Wexford, in order of value
1 = Selsker priory £145
17s 8d
2 = Tintern Abbey £99
1s
3 = Dunbrody Abbey £36
15s 10d
4 =St. Mary’s at Ferns
£14 18s
5 = Glascarrig Priory
£5 19s 8d
6 = Franciscan house at
New Ross £3 18s 2d
7 = Carmelite house at Horetown
£2 8s
8 = Augustinian House
at New Ross £1 7s 4d
9 = Augustinian house
at Clonmines £1 10s 3d
10 = St. Mary Magdalen
leper hospital, Wexford 22s
11 = Franciscan house
at Wexford 17s
12 = St. John’s at
Enniscorthy 13s 4d
==============
End of post
==============
[1]
William H. Grattan Flood, ‘Glascarrig Priory, County Wexford’, in J.R.S.A.I., Vol. 35, No. 2 (1905), p.
167
[2]
Vincent P. Carey, Surviving the Tudors:
The ‘Wizard’ Earl of Kildare and English Rule in Ireland, 1537-1586 (Four
Courts Press, Dublin, 2002), p. 55
[3] Audrey
Gwynn and R. Neville Hadcock, Medieval
Religious Houses Ireland (Irish Academic Press, Dublin, 1970), p. 233
[4] Audrey
Gwynn and R. Neville Hadcock, Medieval
Religious Houses Ireland, p. 297
[5]
Newport B. White (ed.), Extents of Irish
Monastic possessions, 1540-1 (Stationery Office, Dublin, 1943), pp. 365-66
[6] Audrey
Gwynn and R. Neville Hadcock, Medieval
Religious Houses Ireland, p. 297
[7] Audrey
Gwynn and R. Neville Hadcock, Medieval
Religious Houses Ireland, p. 131
[8]
Anne P. Fuller (ed.), Calendar of entries
in the Papal Registers relating to Great Britain and Ireland: Papal Letters,
Vol. XVI Alexander VI (1492-1503), Part 1: 1492-1498 (Stationery Office,
Dublin, 1986), no. 681
[9]
Newport B. White (ed.), Extents of Irish
Monastic possessions, 1540-1, pp. 353-56
[10]
Audrey Gwynn and R. Neville Hadcock, Medieval
Religious Houses Ireland, p. 132
[11]
Audrey Gwynn and R. Neville Hadcock, Medieval
Religious Houses Ireland, p. 132
[12] Audrey
Gwynn and R. Neville Hadcock, Medieval
Religious Houses Ireland, p. 175
[13]
Michael J. Haren (ed.), Calendar of
entries in the Papal Registers relating to Great Britain and Ireland: Papal
Letters, Vol. XV Innocent VIII: Lateran registers 1484-1492 (Stationery,
Dublin, 1978), no. 481
[14]
Newport B. White (ed.), Extents of Irish
Monastic possessions, 1540-1, p. 374
[15] Audrey
Gwynn and R. Neville Hadcock, Medieval
Religious Houses Ireland, p. 175
[16]
J.A. Twemlow (ed.), Calendar of entries
in the Papal Registers relating to Great Britain and Ireland: Papal Letters (Stationery
Office, London, 1912), Vol. IX (1431-1447), p. 435
[17]
J.A. Twemlow (ed.), Calendar of Papal
Registers Relating To Great Britain and Ireland, Vol XIII, 1471-1484 (Stationery
Office, London, 1955), p. 575
[18]
J.A. Twemlow (ed.), Calendar of Papal
Registers Relating To Great Britain and Ireland, Vol XIV, 1484-1492 (Stationery
Office, London, 1960), p. 223
[19]
Michael J. Haren (ed.), Calendar of
entries in the Papal Registers relating to Great Britain and Ireland: Papal
Letters, Vol. XVIII 1503-1513 Pius III & Julius II (Stationery Office,
Dublin, 1989), no. 783
[20]
Newport B. White (ed.), Extents of Irish
Monastic possessions, 1540-1, pp. 371-72
[21]
W.H. Bliss & J.A. Twemlow (eds.), Calendar
Papal Registers Great Britain & Ireland, Vol V, 1398-1404, p. 356; J.A.
Twemlow (ed.), Calendar Papal Registers Great
Britain & Ireland, Vol. IX (1431-1447), p. 30; Michael J. Haren (ed.), Calendar Papal Registers Great Britain &
Ireland, Vol. XVIII 1503-1513 Pius III & Julius II, no. 851
[22]
Newport B. White (ed.), Extents of Irish
Monastic possessions, 1540-1, pp. 374-75
[23]
Audrey Gwynn and R. Neville Hadcock, Medieval
Religious Houses Ireland, p. 112
[24]
Newport B. White (ed.), Extents of Irish
Monastic possessions, 1540-1, p. 374
[25]
Audrey Gwynn and R. Neville Hadcock, Medieval
Religious Houses Ireland, p. 113
[26] Audrey
Gwynn and R. Neville Hadcock, Medieval
Religious Houses Ireland, p. 289
[27]
Newport B. White (ed.), Extents of Irish
Monastic possessions, 1540-1, p. 367
[28] Audrey
Gwynn and R. Neville Hadcock, Medieval
Religious Houses Ireland, p. 289
[29] Audrey
Gwynn and R. Neville Hadcock, Medieval
Religious Houses Ireland, p. 301
[30]
Newport B. White (ed.), Extents of Irish
Monastic possessions, 1540-1, pp. 364-65
[31] Audrey
Gwynn and R. Neville Hadcock, Medieval
Religious Houses Ireland, p. 257
[32]
Newport B. White (ed.), Extents of Irish
Monastic possessions, 1540-1, pp. 363-64
[33] Audrey
Gwynn and R. Neville Hadcock, Medieval
Religious Houses Ireland, p. 257
[34] Audrey
Gwynn and R. Neville Hadcock, Medieval
Religious Houses Ireland, p. 198
[35] Anne
P. Fuller (ed.), Calendar of entries in
the Papal Registers relating to Great Britain and Ireland: Papal Letters, Vol.
XVII Alexander VI (1492-1503), Part 2: 1495-1503 (Irish Manuscripts
Commission, Dublin, 1994), no. 989
[36]
Billy Colfer, Wexford: A Town and its
Landscape (Cork University Press, 2008), p. 86
[37]
Newport B. White (ed.), Extents of Irish
Monastic possessions, 1540-1, pp. 367-70
[38] Audrey
Gwynn and R. Neville Hadcock, Medieval
Religious Houses Ireland, p. 142
[39]
J.A. Twemlow (ed.), Calendar of entries
in the Papal Registers relating to Great Britain and Ireland: Papal Letters (Stationery
Office, London, 1912), Vol. IX (1431-1447), p. 74
[40]
Michael J. Haren (ed.), Calendar of
entries in the Papal Registers relating to Great Britain and Ireland: Papal
Letters, Vol. XIX 1503-1513 Julius II (Irish Manuscripts Commission,
Dublin, 1998), no. 409
[41]
Audrey Gwynn and R. Neville Hadcock, Medieval
Religious Houses Ireland, p. 143
[42] Newport
B. White (ed.), Extents of Irish Monastic
possessions, 1540-1, pp. 358-61
[43]
Tom Dunne, New Ross-Rosponte-Ros Mhic Treoin: An Anthology Celebrating 800
years (Wexford County Council, 2007), p. 143
[44] Audrey
Gwynn and R. Neville Hadcock, Medieval
Religious Houses Ireland, p. 261
[45] Audrey
Gwynn and R. Neville Hadcock, Medieval
Religious Houses Ireland, p. 261
[46]
Newport B. White (ed.), Extents of Irish
Monastic possessions, 1540-1, p. 371
[47] Audrey
Gwynn and R. Neville Hadcock, Medieval
Religious Houses Ireland, p. 357
[48]
Newport B. White (ed.), Extents of Irish
Monastic possessions, 1540-1, p. 373
[49]
Niall Byrne, The Irish Crusade: A History
of the Knights Hospitaller, the Knights Templar, and the Knights of Malta in
the South-East of Ireland (Linden, Dublin, 2007), pp. 219, 384
[50]
Newport B. White (ed.), Extents of Irish
Monastic possessions, 1540-1, pp. 100, 101, 102, 103
[51]
Newport B. White (ed.), Extents of Irish
Monastic possessions, 1540-1, pp. 45, 48, 100, 102
[52]
Newport B. White (ed.), Extents of Irish
Monastic possessions, 1540-1, p. 176
[53]
Newport B. White (ed.), Extents of Irish
Monastic possessions, 1540-1, p. 180
[54]
Newport B. White (ed.), Extents of Irish
Monastic possessions, 1540-1, p. 184
[55]
Newport B. White (ed.), Extents of Irish
Monastic possessions, 1540-1, p. 187
[56]
Newport B. White (ed.), Extents of Irish
Monastic possessions, 1540-1, p. 192
[57]
Newport B. White (ed.), Extents of Irish
Monastic possessions, 1540-1, p. 195
