Biographies on some of the de
Mandeville family in Medieval Ireland
Niall C.E.J. O’Brien
The family of de Mandeville
came from the town of Magneville in the Cotentin Peninsula
in Western Normandy .[1] From
among all the different branches of the Mandeville family who settled in
England there came to Ireland between 1170 and 1189 a certain Martin de
Mandeville. The relationship between the subsequent Mandeville residents in Ireland
is not always clear. Today, descendants of the de Mandeville family still live in Ireland but are now known by the name of Mansfield. This article provides brief glimpses into the lives of some of the de Mandeville family in medieval Ireland.
Martin de Mandeville: Martin de Mandeville first appears in Ireland
sometime before 1192 when he witnessed an exchange of land between Matheus,
Bishop of Glendalough and John, Archbishop of Dublin.[2]
Sometime before 1200 he received lands in County Meath from Hugh de Lacy. His
daughter, Joan, married, as her second husband, Ernisius de Dunheved by 1228.
As Ernisius came from the manor of Dunheved, near Mells, in eastern Somerset , then Martin may
also be from that county. He left some land to Joan and gave the most to his
son, Robert. Martin de Mandeville witnessed a deed of Llanthony priory c.1200-5.[3] In
about 1210 Martin de Mandeville witnessed the grant of Ratoath by King John
during his stay in Ireland to Philip de Worcester.[4]
Robert de Mandeville: About 1200 Robert was described as a tenant
of Walter de Lacy in Meath. In 1210 he was involved with King John’s attack
upon the de Lacy family in Meath and Ulster . As a reward King John gave
Robert waste land which was uninhabited in the Honor of Lune (Louth).[5] Could
this uninhabited land be the later place known as Mandevilletowns? We cannot known
for sure but it is a real possibly.
About the same time the feudal
lord of the Mandevilles, Hugh de Lacy II married Leselina de Verdun, sister of
Theobald de Verdun, lord of Louth. By this marriage half of Louth came to Hugh
de Lacy.[6]
The Mandeville family moved into Louth with their lord and when Hugh de Lacy
became Earl of Ulster the Mandeville family moved northwards into Ulster where
in a few decades they would become one of the principal families.
In about 1215 Robert was a
witnessed to the grant of grange income, in Ulster, to the Hospital of St. John
the Baptist, outside Dublin
by John de Cestria. Sometime after Robert was knighted and witnessed a grant of
Navan property to the same Hospital. Also in 1215, Robert paid a fine of 15
marks for the custody of the land and heir of Alan de Mandeville.[7] It
is unclear what their relationship was.
Alan de Mandeville: in 1215 Robert de Mandeville paid 15 marks
for the custody of the land and heir of Alan de Mandeville.[8]
Sir Henry de Mandeville: He witnessed an Ulster charter of Alan Fitz
Warin in 1247 of a grant of land to Alexander de Nottingham.[9]
After 1254 when Ulster was taken into the king’s hand and given to his son,
Prince Edward, Henry de Mandeville became seneschal of that liberty. His
seneschal’s account for the year of November 1261 to November 1262 was printed
by Edmund Cutis in volume xxxix of Proceedings
of the Royal Irish Academy (pages10-11). In this account Henry paid £1 rent
for two ploughlands in Drumtarsy within the county of Coleraine
In 1272 enquires were made which recorded many wrong doings committed by
Henry against Prince Edward’s interests and the settlers peace. The following
year, Sir Henry joined with The O’Neill along with others members of the
extended family like Sir Thomas, Sir Robert, Martin, Sir Walter and young
Walter de Mandeville in an attack upon the English settlers in Ulster .
Sometime before 1276 Henry was killed and William Fitz Warin, the new Ulster
seneschal was acquitted of any involvement.[11]
Yet the memory of Henry de Mandeville as seneschal of Ulster was not forgotten
among the officials at the exchequer. In 1314 they cited that Henry still
needed to account for his time as seneschal and he dead for near forty years –
the tax man rarely forgets.[12]
Robert de Mandeville: In January 1289 Robert de Mandeville paid a
fine of £20 to keep the peace as the son of Henry de Mandeville. Robert de
Mandeville was on a jury panel in 1293 into the abuses of Thomas Maunsell as
sheriff of Kildare. Later in 1293 Robert de Mandeville was on a jury who said
that it would injure the king’s interest if ships were allowed to go direct to
New Ross and bypass Waterford. In 1301 and 1302 Robert de Mandeville paid
trespass fines to the Dublin sheriff but the nature of the trespass is unknown.[13]
Sir Thomas de Mandeville: He joined the O’Neill attack on Ulster
in 1273. After 1281, Ulster
was restored to Richard de Burgo and Sir Thomas became the new seneschal. He
used his position to attack the lands of William Fitz Warin with the assistance
of his extended family. Fitz Warin issued legal proceedings against Sir Thomas
and Sir Robert de Mandeville. In February 1283 Thomas was to receive payment
for cutting off the head of the O’Donnell and at the same time had his debts at
the Dublin Exchequer clear because of services to the king in the Welsh
campaign.[14]
Sir Thomas was involved in
many actions against the Irish while serving the Earl of Ulster. In 1281 he
joined Hugh Boy O’Neill in the defeat of the O’Donnells near Dungannon. Two
years later O’Neill was killed by Brian Mac Mahon and the chieftainary of the
O’Neills changed many times. After 1291 Sir Thomas helped install Richard de
Burgh’s choice of Brian, son of Hugh Boy as chief. In these actions, Sir Thomas
was known to the Irish by the name of Mac Martin and so we can say that he was
a descendent of that Martin de Mandeville of c.1200.[15]
Thomas lost £20 worth of war horses in the Scottish campaign of 1296. In
the following year he received payment for this lost while also serving as
collector of the fifteen tax in Ulster .
In March 1301 he was instructed to listen to five government officials about
the proposed invasion of Scotland .
A year later, Thomas was paid £566 for wages and horses that he supplied to the
campaign. As an added reward, Thomas got preference to purchase the
marriage-ship of the son of Robert de Crus. Yet there was little time to enjoy
such rewards as de Mandeville was told to prepare for another Scottish
campaign.[16]
In May 1315 Edward Bruce
launched a Scottish invasion of Ireland .
Much of Ulster was quickly
taken except for the castle
of Carrickfergus
Carrickfergus Castle
But well written documents were
not enough to save Ulster and Ireland. Thomas de Mandeville and the people
round him would have to go to war. On 17 March 1316 Thomas de Mandeville was
given permission to make treaties with those English and Irish who supported
the Scots in the hope of opening up the north. On 8 April Thomas de Mandeville commanded
a fleet of fifteen ships from Drogheda to relieve the Carrickfergus garrison.
The force was initially successful in fighting back the Scots. But on 10 April
Thomas de Mandeville died in desperate street fighting and the relief force
failed to reach the castle. The castle finally surrendered by the end of
September.[18]
Sir Robert de Mandeville: He joined the O’Neill attack on Ulster
in 1273 and was involve in the 1282 attack of Fitz Warin’s lands. Around 1284
Robert took law with the prior of St. Thomas Abbey, near Dublin at the liberty court of Trim
concerning the rights to Donoughmore church. In the action Robert was described
as a descendent of Martin de Mandeville. In 1287 he was one of four knights to
appoint a jury to the Portlester assizes.[19]
In about 1271 an inquisition found that Robert de Mandeville owed two
knight services to Sir Geoffrey de Geneville, Lord of Meath.[20]
It is possible that Sir Robert de Mandeville was the same Robert de
Mandeville who about 1290 was a member of a twelve panel jury. This jury gave
their judgement on the rights of marcher lords to prey and people captured in
battle.[21]
Martin, son of Robert de
Mandeville: Martin was another
participant in the O’Neill attack of 1273. He was also involved in the 1282
attack on Fitz Warin’s lands and was described as the son of Robert when one of
the sureties for Sir Thomas and Sir Robert de Mandeville.[22]
Sir Walter de Mandeville: He was another participant in the 1273
O’Neill attack on the English settlements in Ulster .[23]
Walter de Mandeville: This Walter was likewise identified as a
participant in the 1273 attack. He may possibly be the Walter, son of Martin,
who transferred lands in counties of Tipperary , Dublin , and Meath along
with land in the Liberty of Trim, to Richard White of Arklow in 1309.[24]
Hugh de Mandeville: This man brought war against the king in Ireland
and William Fitz Warin took horses and other property from him as punishment.
Yet Hugh had some influence in government circles and Fitz Warin was told to restore
the goods in February 1275. Shortly after Hugh abandoned English ways and form
his own Irish clan which took the name of Mac
Uighilin (son of Hugh), otherwise written as Mac Quillan. The family
occupied the eastern bank of the Bann River between Lough Neagh and the sea in
the area know as The Route and forming part of old Tweskard where the
Mandevilles previously held property. Nicholas casts some doubt on the family’s
origins from Hugh and declares it an Elizabethan legend. Yet it must be said
that later Mac Quillans possessed very un-Irish Christian names and had some
foreign background.[25]
William de Mandeville: He was sheriff of Down and Newtown in 1282
when he headed an inquest which found Fitz Warin had been wronged by Thomas de
Mandeville and other.[26] From
1286 William de Mandeville was seneschal of Ulster. In 1314 he accounted for
Ulster to the exchequer for the period from 1286 to 1314.[27] In
June 1305 William was in England and appointed attorneys in Ireland. While away
he instructed his attorneys to bring law proceedings against Alan Fitz Warin
over a land dispute. In April 1307 he got £10 to seek out Scottish rebels that
maybe harbouring in Ulster
under the protection of the religious houses.[28]
His daughter and heiress,
Joan, married Richard White of Arklow. In 1309 she was granted the lands of her
cousin, Walter Fitz Martin de Mandeville in Counties Tipperary, Dublin , and Meath with
additional land in the Liberty of Trim.[29]
John de Mandeville: Before 1307 John’s daughter Joan had married
Meiler Fitz Peter de Bermingham. The usual financial provisions were made at
the marriage and all went well until Meiler was drowned in the Irish Sea while returning from the Scottish campaign. In
1307, John asked the king to instruct Peter de Bermingham to ensure Joan’s
financial well fare.[30]
William de Mandeville: In 1308 and again in 1312 this man appointed
attorneys in England while
he stayed in Ireland .[31]
Henry de Mandeville: He was appointed a Peace Commissioner in the
diocese of Down in 1326. The following year he was seneschal of Ulster
and made a peace agreement with Robert Bruce, King of Scotland. Yet not all his
efforts were for peace. Three years later he was accused of committing all
kinds of robberies and homicides while William de Burgh, Earl of Ulster was in England . Yet
Henry continued to attack the settler community. The Earl took the war to Henry
and the latter fled south to Dublin
where he was arrested. For as long as Henry stayed in Dublin ,
he could escape the justice system of Ulster .[32]
In 1331, Maurice Fitz Thomas,
first Earl of Desmond, had plans to make Henry ruler of Ulster as part
of his scheme for a new governing order. Henry was so mention at an inquisition
in Limerick on 23 March 1332. Instead Fitz
Thomas was arrested and was imprisoned in Dublin Castle Ulster
sought his release to stand trial in that liberty. It is not clear if their
petition was successful. This affair between the Earldom and Henry was a
contributing factor in the strong de Mandeville involvement in the murder of
the Earl.[33]
In the mist of all this
negative news about Henry de Mandeville, there are glimpses of positive
appraisal. In the financial year of 1334-1335 the Dublin
government paid Henry £10 in compensation for the costs and expenses he
incurred in going to Ulster
to treat with McCartan and other Irish of those parts who had risen against the
king’s rule. In the year 1334-1335, while the commonalty of Ulster sought his person for trial, Henry
accompanied the deputy justiciar of Ireland
on a military campaign into Ulster
to subdue the king’s felons. Henry lost some horses on the campaign and was
paid 310 in compensation.[34]
Richard de Mandeville: When Edward Bruce invaded Ireland in 1315
many of the Anglo-Irish of Ulster joined the invaders. Richard was one of these
collaborators and was later charged with causing death and destruction as far
south as Louth. After the war, when English rule was restored, Richard turned
his support in favour of Dublin .
He was appointed a Commission of the Peace in the diocese of Connor and Derry in 1326.[35]
About twenty years before this
appointment, Richard married Giles de Burgh, daughter of William Liath de Burgh
and accepted her authority in the relationship. In 1332 Giles’s brother, Walter
de Burgh died in the prison of William de Burgh, Earl of Ulster after his
arrest for conducting military operations against the Earl in Connacht .
Giles forced Richard and his son Robert to seek revenge. Thus one Sunday
morning in 1333, Robert struck the first blow in an assassination of the Earl.
His cousin, Robert, son of Martin de Mandeville was also involved with many
others of both nationalities. Richard and Giles were present at the killing but
survived the subsequent backlash.[36]
Richard de Mandeville did suffer the
forfeiture of his estates to the king. In 1334 we learn of Richard’s foreign
connections when Byndo Guydelot of Florence
was paid £10 out of Richard’s estates in repayment of a debt Richard owed to
Guydelot.[37] By 1337 they were still on the
run when Maud, Countess of Ulster
got the king to issue a reward of 100 marks for their capture.[38]
Robert, son of Richard de
Mandeville: He was son of the
preceding, and struck the first blow in the murder of William de Burgh, Earl of
Ulster that Sunday morning in 1333. For a time the murders reigned across the
land but not all of the family supported the fowl deed. One John de Mandeville
led the backlash and Robert was killed.[39]
Robert, son of Martin de
Mandeville: This man’s claim
to fame is as one of the attackers of the Earl of Ulster in 1333. In the
backlash which followed, Robert was killed along with over three hundred people.
The de Mandeville family, which had up until that time had been one of the
chief settler families, faded from public view. The Savage family then assumed
leadership.[40]
John de Mandeville: John held the townland of Knockdewan in 1332
at the partition of the de Verdun lands in Ireland . In the following year he
was sheriff of Down and Newtownards. John stayed away from the large de
Mandeville contingent who killed the Earl of Ulster. Indeed, two months later,
John led the settlers in exacting revenge.[41]
James de Mandeville: He was a member of the jury which held an
inquisition at Clonmel on 21 July 1345 into the rebellious activities of the
Earl of Desmond around the Suir valley.[42]
Sir Walter de Mandeville: In March 1336 Walter de Mandeville, with John
Coterell, acted as security for Maurice son of Thomas, Earl of Desmond, for the
issues of the Bishopric of Kerry which were granted to the Earl by King Edward
III.[43] In
October 1343 Sir Walter attended a meeting at Newcastle, Co. Limerick where the
Earl of Desmond made plans to attack the Badlesmere property in Munster . In May 1344,
Sir Walter was involved in the attack upon the lands of David de Barry at
Castlelyons, Co. Cork .
At an inquisition held at Youghal on 4 August 1344, Sir Walter was named as
part of the rebel Earl of Desmond’s attacking force upon Inchiquin.
Castlelyons castle showing elements of the medieval castle
Later, he was named as a
follower of the rebel Earl by a proclamation issued at Cashel on 14 July 1345
and afterwards at a Clonmel inquisition on 29 July 1345. He was said to have
attacked the property of Eliam Burdon at Ballybrennan with the other rebels. In
August 1345, Sir Walter and his son Thomas were involved in rebel activities at
Ballysallagh and there about.[44]
In March 1339 Sir Walter de
Mandeville granted in tail to Thomas, his son, the manors of Donaghmore,
Blackcastle (County Meath) and Clonsangan. For these Thomas de Mandeville was
to pay his father £40 per year for the life of Walter. If Thomas died without
heirs the property would pass in turn to Robert son of Sir Walter de Mandeville
and then to Maurice son of Sir Walter and finally to Reginald, son of Sir
Walter. If all four brothers died without heirs the property would revert to Sir
Walter and his right heirs.[45]
Sir Thomas, son of Walter de
Mandeville: In May 1344 Sir
Thomas was part of the attacking force upon the lands of David Barry of
Castlelyons, Co. Cork .
Along with his father, Sir Walter de Mandeville, Thomas was named at a Youghal
inquisition on 4 August 1344 as one of those who attacked the town and district
as part of the Earl of Desmond’s rebels. Sir Thomas was initially called Sir
Philip de Mandeville but this was corrected as the inquisition proceeded.
Later at an inquisition at
Clonmel on 21 July 1345 into the rebellious activities of the Earl of Desmond,
Sir Thomas was name as a follower of the Earl at Kilhimegan on 2 July 1345. He
was again named as a follower of the rebel Earl in a proclamation issued at
Cashel on 14 July 1345. Thomas was again mentioned as a Desmond follower at a
Clonmel inquisition on 29 July 1345.[46]
On 24th October
1367 Sir Thomas de Mandeville was a witness to the sale by Thomas de Veer, Earl
of Oxford to James Butler, Earl of Ormond of his part of the manor of Inchiquin
and the town of Youghal.[47]
Thomas son of Hugh de Mandeville:
In about 1337 the escheator of
Ireland accounted at the exchequer for two and half carucates of land along
with a mill at Ewes Magna in Ulster which were once held by Thomas, son of Hugh
de Mandeville. Thomas de Mandeville held the property from the Earl of Ulster
but as the Earldom of Ulster was in the king’s hand so Thomas’s property came
to the king as a custody within a custody. Thomas de Mandeville was a minor in
1337 but little else is known about him or that of his father Hugh de
Mandeville.[48] The
Hugh de Mandeville profiled earlier lived in the 1270s and so a bit too early
to produce an heir who was under twenty-one years old in 1337.
Richard de Mandeville: For the moment this Richard is treated
separately from any other of the same name until we can construct his life
story. On 25 August 1349 the English government wrote to the Dublin administration requesting the court
files which declared Richard an outlaw on the charge of adhering to the Scots.
The return declared that the trail was held in Trim before Walter de Bermingham,
justiciar. It was April 1350 before this information was sent to London . Clearly it wasn’t
a high priority issue for the Dublin
civil service.[49]
Philip de Mandeville: The parliament held at Kilkenny in 1375
appointed a great number of people across the land to collect the subsidy tax.
In the cantred of Ocarbery in the County of Limerick Philip de Mandeville was
named collector along with Adam Lang of Kilmallock and Simon Bell.[50]
William de Mandeville: In February 1381 James Butler, Earl of Ormond
directed that the sheriff of the Liberty of Tipperary should summon a whole
host of people to appear before the seneschal of Tipperary at the next assizes.
One of these people so summoned was William de Mandeville of location unknown.[51]
Philip son of Philip Mandeville: About 1399 a person called Philip son of Philip
de Mandeville witnessed a deed of transfer by Christiane Power to Philip O’Hymlan
of a half carucate of land in Kyllocran in the tenement of Ardcholme.[52]
This place was somewhere about Carrick-on-Suir.
Thomas son of Richard de
Mandeville: On 14th
July 1399 Thomas son of Richard de Mandeville, knight, assigned all his rights
in the manor of Blackcastle in County Meath to Sir John de Stanley. Sometime
before 14th July Sir Thomas de Mandeville had sold Blackcastle to
Sir John de Stanley as on 6th July 1399 Stanley sold the manor to
James Butler, Earl of Ormond.[53]
Earlier we saw how in 1339 Sir Walter de Mandeville granted Blackcastle to his
son Thomas and subsequently to his other sons in turn, namely to Robert,
Maurice and Reginald de Mandeville. In that list of sons there is no Richard de
Mandeville and so the mystery of who Richard was and how he came to have
Blackcastle and so determine which Sir Thomas de Mandeville his son was.
Historical research is like that – searching for ghosts in a foggy night of few
lights. Someday the question of who Richard and Thomas were may be
revealed.
Walter Maundeville: In June 1363 he got a commission of oyer and
terminer with Gerald, Earl of Desmond, Eustace Hacket, sheriff of Cork , Richard Vynegre,
guardian of Youghal town and Roger Flete. They were to examine the by Henry
Golofre of Leicester where he entered Youghal church with an armed force,
collected and wasted the profits of same and beat the servants of John de Hirst
who had been presented as rector of Youghal by the king.[54]
Thomas de Mandeville: In May 1443 Thomas as chaplain took Simon
Ledewych, vicar of Dromin, Co. Louth to the archbishop’s court at Drogheda on a charge of perjury. Thomas lost the case but
lodged an appeal to Rome .
The process continued without any success for Thomas. In June 1444, he was
issued with a letter of ex-communication if he did not pay the legal expense of
Ledewych. Sometime later Simon died and Thomas attempted to enforce his claim
of Simon’s brother Robert.[55]
Joan de Mandeville: She was a servant of magistrate Robert
Preston of Drogheda in 1454-5 when she was a
witness for Isabel Murgan in a matrimonial case against John Clarke.[56]
Other members of the Mandeville
family
The Mandeville family of County Waterford seemingly descend from Sir
Walter de Mandeville of the 1340s. It is hoped to follow this family in a later
article.
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[1] Robert Bearman (ed.), Charters
of the Redvers family and the Earldom of Devon
1090-1217 [Devon & Cornwall Record Society], new series, vol. 37
(1994), p. 38
[2] Charles McNeill (ed.),
Calendar of Archbishop Alen’s Register c.
1172-1534 (Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, Dublin, 1950), p. 20
[3] Mark Hagger, The Fortunes of
a Norman Family: the De Verduns in
England, Ireland and Wales, 1066-1316 (Dublin, Four Courts Press, 2001), p.
202; H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal. London ,
St. Catherine Press, 1909), vol. 2, p. 444; Arlene Hogan, The Priory of Llanthony Prima and Secunda in Ireland ,
1172-1541 (Dublin , Four Courts Press, 2008),
pp. 247-8
[4] James Mills & M.J.
McEnery (eds.), Calendar of the
Gormanston Register (Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, Dublin,
1916), pp. 7, 179, 180; Goddard H. Orpen ,
Ireland under the Normans
1169-1333 (Dublin
[5] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal.
[6] Mark S. Hagger, The Fortunes of a Norman Family: The de
Verduns in England, Ireland and Wales, p. 66
[7] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal. Hospital of St.
John the Baptist without the New Gate, Dublin Cal.
[9] James Mills & M.J.
McEnery (eds.), Calendar of the
Gormanston Register (Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, Dublin,
1916), p. 160
[10] Edmund Curtis, ‘Sheriff’s accounts of the Honor of Dungarvan, of
Tweskard in Ulster, and of County Waterford 1261-63’, in Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, volume xxxix (1929-31), p.
10
[11] David Edwards (ed.), Regions
and Rulers in Ireland
1100-1650 (Dublin , Four Courts Press, 2004),
p. 46; H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal. of Doc.
Ire., vol. 2 (1252-1284), nos. 929, 952, 954, 1918; Goddard H. Orpen, Ireland under the Normans 1169-1333,
vol. IV, p. 135
[13] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal. of Doc.
Ire., vol. 3 (1285-92), no. 1160 & p. 213; Ibid vol. 4 (1293-1301), p.
57; Paul Dryburgh & Brendan
Smith (eds.), Handbook and Select
Calendar of Sources for Medieval Ireland in the National Archives of the United
Kingdom (Dublin, Four Courts Press, 2005), pp. 67, 97
[14] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal.
[15] Goddard H. Orpen, Ireland under the Normans
[16] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal. of Doc.
Ire., vol. 4 (1293-1301), nos. 320, 390 785 & page 200; Ibid, vol. 5
(1302-7), nos. 23, 34, 47
[17] Sean Duffy, ‘The lords
of Galloway, earls of Carrick, and the Bissets of the Glens: Scottish
settlement in thirteenth-century Ulster’, in David Edwards (ed.), Regions and Rulers in Ireland 1100-1650
(Four Court Press, Dublin, 2004), pp. 37, 38
[18] Colm McNamee, The Wars of the
Bruces: Scotland , England and Ireland
[19] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal.
[22] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal.
[23] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal.
[24] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal.
[25] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal. of Doc.
Ire., vol. 2 (1252-1284), no. 1088; K.W. Nicholls, Gaelic and Gaelicized Ireland
in the Middle Ages (Dublin Dublin
[28] H.S. Sweetman (ed.), Cal.
[29] K.W. Nicholls (ed.),
‘Abstracts of Mandeville Deeds’ in Analecta
Hibernica, no. 32 (1985), p. 5
[30] Philomena Connolly (ed.), ‘Irish Material in the Class of Ancient
Petitions (sc8) in the Public Record Office, London’ in Analecta Hibernica, no. 34 (1987), p. 20
[31] Calendar of the Patent Rolls
(University of Iowa
[32] Robin Frame, ‘Commissions of the Peace in Ireland
[33] James Lydon, The Lordship of Ireland
in the Middle Ages (Dublin ,
Four Courts Press, 2003), p. 129; G.O. Sayles (ed.),
‘The Legal Proceedings against the First Earl of Desmond’ in Analecta Hibernica, no. 23 (1966), pp.
12-3; Philomena Connolly (ed.), ‘Irish material in the Class of Chancery
Warrants, series I (C 81), in the Public Record Office, London’ in Analecta Hibernica, no. 36 (1995), p.
148; Philomena Connolly (ed.), ‘Irish Material in the Class of Ancient
Petitions (sc8) in the Public Record Office, London’ in Analecta Hibernica, no. 34 (1987), p. 36
[35] James Lydon, The Lordship of Ireland in the Middle Ages,
p. 115 & note 82; Robin Frame, ‘Commissions of the
Peace in Ireland, 1302-1461’ in Analecta
Hibernica, no. 35 (1992), p. 30;
[36] Bernadette Williams (ed.), The
Annals of Ireland by Friar
John Clyn (Dublin
[38] Philomena Connolly (ed.), ‘Irish material in the Class of Chancery
Warrants, series I (C 81), in the Public Record Office, London’ in Analecta Hibernica, no. 36 (1995), p.
152
[40] Bernadette Williams (ed.), The
Annals of Ireland by Friar
John Clyn, p. 210; K.W. Nicholls, Gaelic
and Gaelicized Ireland
[41] Jocelyn Otway-Ruthven, ‘The partition of the de Verdun Lands in Ireland Ireland
[42] G.O. Sayles (ed.), ‘The Legal Proceedings against the First Earl of
Desmond’ in Analecta Hibernica, no.
23 (1966), p. 25
[44] G.O. Sayles (ed.), ‘The Legal Proceedings against the First Earl of
Desmond’ in Analecta Hibernica, no.
23 (1966), pp. 26-31, 35-7, 39
[45] Edmund Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, vol. 1
(Stationery Office, Dublin, 1932), no. 720
[46] G.O. Sayles (ed.), ‘The Legal Proceedings against the First Earl of
Desmond’ in Analecta Hibernica, no.
23 (1966), pp. 25-31
[49] Philomena Connolly
(ed.), ‘List of Irish material in the Class of Chancery Files (Recorda) (C.260)
Public Record Office, London ’
in Analecta Hibernica, no. 31 (1984),
pp. 12-3
[50] H.G. Richardson & G.O. Sayles (eds.), Parliaments
and Councils of Medieval Ireland, volume 1 (Stationery Office, Dublin, 1947), p. 61
[54] Calendar of the Patent Rolls,
Edward III (1361-1364), pp. 371-2
[55] W.G.H. Quigley &
E.F.D. Roberts (eds.), Registrum Iohannis
Mey: the Register of John Mey Archbishop of Armagh, 1443-1456 (Belfast,
Stationery Office, 1972), pp. 37, 80, 357-9
[56] W.G.H. Quigley &
E.F.D. Roberts (eds.), Registrum Iohannis
Mey: the Register of John Mey Archbishop of Armagh ,
1443-1456, p. 357
